Plant Community Characteristics and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Different Geomorphic Units in Arid Gravel Desert

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.03.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring the characteristics and its driving forces of plant community in different geomorphic units in arid gravel desert areas was of great significance for the development of targeted natural plant community protection measures， and the construction of reasonable artificial restoration plant communities in different geomorphic units in arid region. In this paper， the plant community composition and diversity in four micro-geomorphic units（gravel desert Gobi， wind erosion unaka， aeolian sandy land and valley land） were analyzed， and the main ecological factors affecting plant community characteristics in different geomorphic units were explored based on the monitoring of soil and micro-meteorological factors. The results showed that：（1）Plant community in gravel desert areas was distributed in patches， with one to two layers vertical structure， and the life forms were mainly annual plants and small shrubs. About 45% shrubs were found in arid gravel desert Gobi， while about 50% species were annual plants in wind erosion unaka and aeolian sandy land. The plant community in the valley land contained all five life forms， including a few trees and vines. （2）The plant community coverage， plant density， diversity and stability were the highest in valley among four micro-geomorphic units， followed by wind erosion unaka. The plant community diversity and stability were lowest in gravel desert Gobi with the plant sparsely distributed and the aeolian sandy land with simple community structure. （3）Soil moisture content， organic matter， soluble salts and surface temperature were the main same factors affecting plant diversity， productivity and community stability in arid gravel desert areas. In addition， the soil bulk density in wind erosion unaka， the surface wind speed in arid gravel desert Gobi and aeolian sandy land were also the factors affecting plant community characteristics in different micro-geomorphic units. In summary， different vegetation restoration measures should be formulated after ecological disturbance in arid gravel desert on the basis of the main ecological factors affecting plant communities in different geomorphic units， such as reducing surface temperature in gravel desert Gobi， restoring constructive species by improving soil quality in wind erosion unaka and aeolian sandy land， and maintaining ecological water using in valley land.

Key words: arid gravel desert area, microtopography, plant community structure, ecological factors, vegetation restoration

CLC Number:

Q178.1

Huadong DU, Penghui FAN, Yinli BI, Shanshan XIE, Yan LIU, Yunlong LIU. Plant Community Characteristics and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Different Geomorphic Units in Arid Gravel Desert[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(3): 459-469.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

References 42

1	BIRHANU L， BEKELE T， TESFAW B，et al.Relationships between topographic factors，soil and plant communities in a dry Afromontane forest patches of Northwestern Ethiopia［J］.PLoS One，2021，16（3）：e0247966.
2	HORN S， HEMPEL S， RISTOW M，et al.Plant community assembly at small scales：spatial vs.environmental factors in a European grassland［J］.Acta Oecologica，2015，63：56-62.
3	THUILLER W， ALBERT C， ARAÚJO M B，et al.Predicting global change impacts on plant species’ distributions：future challenges［J］.Perspectives in Plant Ecology，Evolution and Systematics，2008，9（3/4）：137-152.
4	秦洁，司建华，贾冰，等.巴丹吉林沙漠植被群落特征与土壤水分关系研究［J］.干旱区研究，2021，38（1）：207-222.
	QIN J， SI J H， JIA B，et al.Study on the relationship between vegetation community characteristics and soil moisture in Badain jaran desert［J］.Arid Zone Research，2021，38（1）：207-222.
5	YANG Q C， ZHANG H H， WANG L H，et al.Topography and soil content contribute to plant community composition and structure in subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forests［J］.Plant Diversity，2021，43（4）：264-274.
6	强方方，魏天兴，刘崴.晋西黄土区土壤水分动态变化与植被群落关系研究［J］.植物研究，2019，39（1）：61-68.
	QIANG F F， WEI T X， LIU W.Relationship between soil moisture dynamics and vegetation community in the loess area of western Shanxi Province［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2019，39（1）：61-68.
7	张和钰.天山南麓中段戈壁区植被空间分布格局及其形成机制研究［D］.北京：中国林业科学研究院，2023.
	ZHANG H Y.The spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of vegetation in the Gobi region in the middle section of the southern piedmont of Tianshan mountains［D］.Beijing：Chinese Academy of Forestry，2023.
8	安永梅，杜维波，周晓雷，等.兴隆山自然保护区种子植物的垂直分布格局研究［J］.西北植物学报，2023，43（6）：1017-1025.
	AN Y M， DU W B， ZHOU X L，et al.Vertical distribution pattern of seed plants in Xinglong Mountain Nature Reserve［J］.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica，2023，43（6）：1017-1025.
9	NADAL-ROMERO E， PETRLIC K， VERACHTERT E，et al.Effects of slope angle and aspect on plant cover and species richness in a humid Mediterranean badland［J］.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms，2014，39（13）：1705-1716.
10	YAIR A， KOSSOVSKY A.Climate and surface properties：hydrological response of small arid and semi-arid watersheds［J］.Geomorphology，2002，42（1/2）：43-57.
11	MATA-GONZÁLEZ R， AVERETT J P， ABDALLAH M A B，et al.Variations in groundwater level and microtopography influence desert plant communities in shallow aquifer areas［J］.Environmental Management，2022，69（1）：45-60.
12	段义忠，杜忠毓，亢福仁.西北干旱区孑遗濒危植物蒙古沙冬青群落特征及与环境因子的关系［J］.植物研究，2018，38（6）：834-842.
	DUAN Y Z， DU Z Y， KANG F R.Community characteristics of endangered plant of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus to environmental factors in northwest arid area of China［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2018，38（6）：834-842
13	张瑞红，蔡文涛，来利明，等.鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田植物群落演替过程中物种多样性的变化［J］.干旱区资源与环境，2018，32（10）：178-183.
	ZHANG R H， CAI W T， LAI L M，et al.Changes of species diversity in plant community succession of abandoned cropland in Ordos Plateau［J］.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2018，32（10）：178-183.
14	杜忠毓，安慧，文志林，等.荒漠草原植物群落结构及其稳定性对增水和增氮的响应［J］.生态学报，2021，41（6）：2359-2371.
	DU Z Y， AN H， WEN Z L，et al.Response of plant community structure and its stability to water and nitrogen addition in desert grassland［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica，2021，41（6）：2359-2371.
15	VAN DE VEN C M， WEISS S B， ERNST W G.Plant species distributions under present conditions and forecasted for warmer climates in an arid mountain range［J］.Earth Interactions，2007，11（9）：1-33.
16	杨学亭，樊军，盖佳敏，等.祁连山不同类型草地的土壤理化性质与植被特征［J］.应用生态学报，2022，33（4）：878-886.
	YANG X T， FAN J， GE J M，et al.Soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation characteristics of different types of grassland in Qilian Mountains，China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2022，33（4）：878-886.
17	中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆地貌［M］.北京：科学出版社，1978.
	Xinjiang Comprehensive Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Geomorphology of Xinjiang［M］.Beijing：Science Press，1978.
18	张甘霖，龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法［M］.北京：科学出版社，2012：8-141.
	ZHANG G L， GONG Z T.Methods for laboratory analysis of soil investigation［M］.Beijing：Science Press，2012：8-141.
19	新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志：第5卷［M］.乌鲁木齐：新疆科技卫生出版社，1999.
	Xinjiang Flora Editorial Committee.Flora of Xinjiang：Vol.5［M］.Urumqi：Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press，1999.
20	张金屯.数量生态学［M］.3版.北京：科学出版社，2018：87-97.
	ZHANG J T.Quantitative ecology［M］.3rd ed.Beijing：Science Press，2018：87-97.
21	BEGON M， TOWNSEND C R.Ecology：from individuals to ecosystems［M］.Hoboken：John Wiley & Sons，2021：575-576.
22	DU H D， CAO Y C， ZHANG Y Y，et al.Plant community development in a coal mining subsidence area：active versus passive revegetation［J］.Écoscience，2021，28（2）：185-197.
23	郑元润.森林群落稳定性研究方法初探［J］.林业科学，2000，36（5）：28-32.
	ZHENG Y R.Comparison of methods for studying stability of forest community［J］.Scientia Silvae Sinicae，2000，36（5）：28-32.
24	费诚，董乙强，安沙舟.新疆北疆荒漠群落植被的物种多样性及影响因素研究［J］.中国草地学报，2023，45（7）：49-59.
	FEI C， DONG Y Q， AN S Z，et al.Study on species diversity and influencing factors of desert community vegetation in northern Xinjiang［J］.Chinese Journal of Grassland，2023，45（7）：49-59.
25	VON WEHRDEN H， WESCHE K， MIEHE G.Plant communities of the southern Mongolian Gobi［J］.Phytocoenologia，2009，39（3）：331-376.
26	张俊杰，白中科，杨博宇.新疆荒漠露天矿区生态受损及砾幕层重构方法研究［J］.地学前缘，2021，28（4）：142-152.
	ZHANG J J， BAI Z K， YANG B Y.Gravel curtain layer in the desert open-pit mining area of Xinjiang：ecological damage and reconstruction method［J］.Earth Science Frontiers，2021，28（4）：142-152.
27	KATO H， ONDA Y， TANAKA Y，et al.Field measurement of infiltration rate using an oscillating nozzle rainfall simulator in the cold，semiarid grassland of Mongolia［J］.Catena，2009，76（3）：173-181.
28	王胜，刘洪兰.肃北县戈壁过渡带降水量对气候变化的响应［J］.干旱区研究，2014，31（5）：898-904.
	WANG S， LIU H L.Response of precipitation to climate change in desert ecotone in Subei County［J］.Arid Zone Research，2014，31（5）：898-904.
29	廖晗茹， TUVSHINTOGTOKH I，郭通，等.围封对蒙古荒漠草原和高山草原植物群落组成及稳定性的影响［J］.北京大学学报（自然科学版），2020，56（3）：471-478.
	LIAO H R， TUVSHINTOGTOKH I， GUO T，et al.Effects of grazing exclusion on the vegetation community composition and the community stability of dry steppe and mountain steppe ecosystems in Mongolia［J］.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis，2020，56（3）：471-478.
30	HENRY H A L.Soil freeze–thaw cycle experiments：trends，methodological weaknesses and suggested improvements［J］.Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2007，39（5）：977-986.
31	TUGWELL-WOOTTON T， SKRZYPEK G， DOGRAMACI S，et al.Soil moisture evaporative losses in response to wet-dry cycles in a semiarid climate［J］.Journal of Hydrology，2020，590：125533.
32	AMEZKETA E.An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization，a pre-condition for land desertification［J］.Journal of Arid Environments，2006，67（4）：594-606.
33	PADILLA F M， PUGNAIRE F I.The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments［J］.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment，2006，4（4）：196-202.
34	GÓMEZ-APARICIO L， ZAMORA R， GÓMEZ J M，et al.Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration：a meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants［J］.Ecological Applications，2004，14（4）：1128-1138.
35	程维明.新疆地貌格局及其效应［M］.北京：科学出版社，2018：69-72.
	CHENG W M.Geomorphological pattern and effects in Xinjiang［M］.Beijing：Science Press，2018：69-72.
36	SHEN Q， GAO G Y， LÜ Y H，et al.River flow is critical for vegetation dynamics：lessons from multi-scale analysis in a hyper-arid endorheic basin［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2017，603/604：290-298.
37	KEHR J M， MERRITT D M， STROMBERG J C.Linkages between primary seed dispersal，hydrochory and flood timing in a semi-arid region river［J］.Journal of Vegetation Science，2014，25（1）：287-300.
38	于昊辰.新疆荒漠矿区土地生态系统退化评价及调控策略研究［D］.徐州：中国矿业大学，2022.
	YU H C.Measurement and regulation strategies of land ecosystem degradation for desert mining area in Xinjiang［D］.Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2022.
39	武胜利，李志忠，肖晨曦，等.灌丛沙堆的研究进展与意义［J］.中国沙漠，2006，26（5）：734-738.
	WU S L， LI Z Z， XIAO C X，et al.Research progress on nabkhas and research significance［J］.Journal of Desert Research，2006，26（5）：734-738.
40	李玉灵，王林和，董锦兰.乌兰布和沙漠东缘几种灌木林微气候特征比较［J］.内蒙古林学院学报，1997（4）：14-19.
	LI Y L， WANG L H， DONG J L.The micro-climatic comparison among several kinds of shrub growing in the eastern adage of Wulanbuhe Desert［J］.Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry College，1997（4）：14-19.
41	党晓宏，徐立杰，高永，等.采煤沉陷对地表土壤蒸发和植被蒸腾的影响［J］.应用基础与工程科学学报，2022，30（6）：1389-1401.
	DANG X H， XU L J， GAO Y，et al.Effects of coal mining subsidence on soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration［J］.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering，2022，30（6）：1389-1401.
42	徐高兴，赵鹏，陈思航，等.民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带沙拐枣群落种间关联及生态位研究［J］.西北林学院学报，2023，38（1）：25-33.
	XU G X， ZHAO P， CHEN S H，et al.Interspecific association and niche of Calligonum mongolicum community in Minqin Oasis-Desert transition zone［J］.Journal of Northwest Forestry University，2023，38（1）：25-33.

微地貌单元 Geomorphic units	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ （g·cm^-3）	土壤酸碱度 pH	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%	可溶性盐 Soluble salt/%	有机质 Soil organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）
砾漠戈壁 GG	1.29±0.09a	8.46±0.74a	2.90±0.09b	18.40±3.86b	6.88±1.22b
风蚀残丘 WU	1.25±0.10a	8.36±0.49ab	3.30±0.05ab	33.10±4.17a	3.73±1.58c
河谷 RV	1.25±0.23a	8.07±0.43b	6.20±0.12a	21.70±3.28b	9.60±1.90a
风沙地 AL	1.24±0.17a	8.52±0.37a	2.50±0.08c	15.30±2.94c	6.27±1.23b
微地貌单元 Geomorphic units	有效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg^-1）	空气湿度 Air humidity/%	地表风速 Surface wind speed/ （m·s^-1）	地表温度 Surface temperature/℃
砾漠戈壁 GG	214.80±34.50b	6.30±1.41b	20.22±8.07b	4.14±2.82b	42.90±6.80a
风蚀残丘 WU	151.40±25.80d	4.30±0.80d	23.90±5.69a	6.05±2.00a	37.40±10.30b
河谷 RV	274.20±34.00a	8.67±1.10a	25.60±8.86a	4.3±2.05b	33.05±6.90b
风沙地 AL	176.04±33.20c	5.10±0.84c	18.90±4.34b	6.70±2.50a	44.60±7.36a

微地貌单元 Geomorphic units	群落垂直结构层数 Vertical structure layers	群落高度 Plant community high/m	植株密度 Plant density/ （株·m^-2）	生活型占比 The proportion of living type/%
微地貌单元 Geomorphic units	群落垂直结构层数 Vertical structure layers	群落高度 Plant community high/m	植株密度 Plant density/ （株·m^-2）	1年生植物 Annual	多年生草本 Perennial herb	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	灌木 Shrub	乔木 Tree	藤本植物 Liana
GG	1	0.32±0.09d	8.5±1.2b	20.1±3.6c	19.6±3.6a	15.1±2.9a	45.2±6.7a	—	—
WU	2	0.87±0.12c	12.5±3.6ab	52.7±5.6a	3.4±0.70c	5.7±1.8c	38.2±5.8ab	—	—
RV	2	1.68±0.18b	35.8±4.5a	35.2±4.2ab	15.9±4.8ab	12.2±3.7a	30.7±4.3b	1.2±0.3	4.8±0.8
AL	2	2.57±0.36a	3.8±0.7c	48.1±6.8a	6.7±1.6b	8.3±2.3b	36.9±7.6ab	—	—

[1]	Shuzhen ZOU, Caijia YIN, Qian YANG, Long MA, Di KANG. Competition Pattern of Standing Trees in Secondary Pinus Forest in the Ziwuling Mountains, China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 140-149.
[2]	YANG Pan-Pan, LIU Yu, BU Zhao-Jun, MA Jin-Ze, WANG Sheng-Zhong, CHEN Xu, YANG Yun-He. Effects of Water Table Level Increase and Sphagnum Propagule Transplantation on Vegetation Restoration [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(5): 699-706.
[3]	XUE Ou；WEI Tian-Xing*. Interspecific Association among Understory Species of the Low-efficiency Plantation in the Jiufeng National Forest Park [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(1): 34-42.
[4]	SUN Ming-Xue;JIA Wei-Wei*. Effect of Forest Fire on Vegetation in Tahe Forestry Bureau [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2009, 29(4): 481-487.
[5]	Dong Hou-de, Zhao Li, Chen Zhong-lin, Shao Cheng. STUDIES ON THE CLASSIFICATION AND ECOLOGY OF ZOYSIA JAPONICA COMMUNITY INH LIAODONG PENINSULA [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 1995, 15(2): 230-245.