植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 399-410.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.002
收稿日期:2026-01-23
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-06-01
通讯作者:
史倩倩
E-mail:shiqianqian2005@163.com
作者简介:张恺欣(2004—),男,本科,主要从事栽培技术研究。
基金资助:
Kaixin ZHANG, Xinze YU, Kaiyang GAO, Chen CHENG, Xueying HAN, Qianqian SHI(
)
Received:2026-01-23
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-06-01
Contact:
Qianqian SHI
E-mail:shiqianqian2005@163.com
摘要:
为探索陕西羽叶报春(Primula filchnerae)多倍体诱导技术,本研究分别采用种子浸泡法和生长点棉球滴加法进行秋水仙素处理,比较不同浓度与处理时间对发芽率、死亡率及四倍体诱导率的影响,并通过流式细胞术与根尖染色体计数进行倍性检测与验证。结果表明:秋水仙素处理总体抑制种子萌发并提高幼苗死亡率,但在适宜浓度下可显著提高四倍体诱导率。种子处理组中,0.02 g⋅L-1、24 h处理组的种子发芽率最高,为(77.67±3.51)%;0.05 g⋅L-1、24 h处理组的幼苗死亡率最低,为(2.16±0.93)%,且四倍体诱导率最高,为(30.12±4.02)%。生长点处理组中,0.05 g⋅L-1处理效果最佳,四倍体诱导率为(40.00±10.00)%。流式细胞术检测结果表明,四倍体材料的G₀/G₁主峰较二倍体明显偏移;染色体计数进一步验证,二倍体染色体数为2n=2x=24,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=48。形态学和细胞学比较分析表明,四倍体植株的叶片及花朵相关指标显著优于二倍体,生长势更强,观赏价值更高。此外,四倍体植株的气孔尺寸增大、气孔密度降低,符合多倍体植株的典型细胞学特征。综上所述,本研究建立了高效的陕西羽叶报春秋水仙素诱导与倍性鉴定技术体系,为该物种多倍体育种及种质创新提供了技术支撑。
中图分类号:
张恺欣, 余心泽, 高恺阳, 程晨, 韩雪莹, 史倩倩. 陕西羽叶报春四倍体诱导、鉴定与性状分析[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 399-410.
Kaixin ZHANG, Xinze YU, Kaiyang GAO, Chen CHENG, Xueying HAN, Qianqian SHI. Induction, Identification, and Trait Analysis of Tetraploid Primula filchnerae[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 399-410.
表8
陕西羽叶报春二倍体与四倍体的形态指标差异
处理方案 Treatment scheme | 植株类型 Type | 叶面积 Leaf area/cm² | 叶片数量 Number of leaves | 花葶高 Flower stalk height/cm | 花葶数量 Number of flower stalks | 花朵直径 Diameter of the flower/cm | 花朵数量 Number of flowers | 地径 Ground diameter/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种子处理 Seed treatment | 二倍体 | 1.03±0.22 | 2.53±0.52 | 3.21±0.52 | 1.33±0.62 | 1.14±0.13 | 1.94±0.57 | 1.13±0.10 |
| 四倍体 | 2.05±0.08** | 5.07±0.70** | 11.14±1.18** | 2.60±0.63** | 1.73±0.14** | 4.25±0.93** | 1.12±0.07 | |
生长点处理 Apical meristem treatment | 二倍体 | 2.08±0.47 | 13.17±2.42 | 23.00±4.03 | 4.60±0.95 | 2.17±0.11 | 27.33±2.14 | 2.50±0.37 |
| 四倍体 | 3.62±0.71** | 16.76±3.10** | 29.90±3.49** | 5.17±1.29** | 2.53±0.30** | 27.78±2.26 | 3.16±0.49** |
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