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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 399-410.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西羽叶报春四倍体诱导、鉴定与性状分析

张恺欣, 余心泽, 高恺阳, 程晨, 韩雪莹, 史倩倩()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 史倩倩 E-mail:shiqianqian2005@163.com
  • 作者简介:张恺欣(2004—),男,本科,主要从事栽培技术研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371953);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(XN2025024023)

Induction, Identification, and Trait Analysis of Tetraploid Primula filchnerae

Kaixin ZHANG, Xinze YU, Kaiyang GAO, Chen CHENG, Xueying HAN, Qianqian SHI()   

  1. College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100
  • Received:2026-01-23 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-01
  • Contact: Qianqian SHI E-mail:shiqianqian2005@163.com

摘要:

为探索陕西羽叶报春(Primula filchnerae)多倍体诱导技术,本研究分别采用种子浸泡法和生长点棉球滴加法进行秋水仙素处理,比较不同浓度与处理时间对发芽率、死亡率及四倍体诱导率的影响,并通过流式细胞术与根尖染色体计数进行倍性检测与验证。结果表明:秋水仙素处理总体抑制种子萌发并提高幼苗死亡率,但在适宜浓度下可显著提高四倍体诱导率。种子处理组中,0.02 gL-1、24 h处理组的种子发芽率最高,为(77.67±3.51)%;0.05 gL-1、24 h处理组的幼苗死亡率最低,为(2.16±0.93)%,且四倍体诱导率最高,为(30.12±4.02)%。生长点处理组中,0.05 gL-1处理效果最佳,四倍体诱导率为(40.00±10.00)%。流式细胞术检测结果表明,四倍体材料的G₀/G₁主峰较二倍体明显偏移;染色体计数进一步验证,二倍体染色体数为2n=2x=24,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=48。形态学和细胞学比较分析表明,四倍体植株的叶片及花朵相关指标显著优于二倍体,生长势更强,观赏价值更高。此外,四倍体植株的气孔尺寸增大、气孔密度降低,符合多倍体植株的典型细胞学特征。综上所述,本研究建立了高效的陕西羽叶报春秋水仙素诱导与倍性鉴定技术体系,为该物种多倍体育种及种质创新提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 陕西羽叶报春, 秋水仙素, 四倍体, 流式细胞术, 染色体计数, 形态学性状

Abstract:

To establish an efficient polyploid induction protocol for Primula filchnerae, seeds and shoot apices were treated with colchicine using the seed immersion method and the cotton ball dropping method. The effects of different colchicine concentrations and treatment durations on germination rate, mortality rate and tetraploid induction rate were compared. Flow cytometry and root-tip chromosome counting were used for ploidy detection and verification. The results showed that colchicine treatment generally suppressed seed germination and increased seedling mortality rate, but it significantly increased the tetraploid induction rate at the optimal concentration. For seed treatment, the highest germination rate(77.67±3.51)% occurred under 0.02 gL-1 colchicine treatment for 24 h, while the lowest mortality rate(2.16±0.93)% and the highest tetraploid induction rate (30.12±4.02)% occurred under 0.05 gL-1 colchicine treatment for 24 h. For the shoot apex treatment, 0.05 gL-1 colchicine treatment had the highest tetraploid induction rate of (40.00±10.00)%. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the G0/G1 peak of tetraploid plants was significantly shifted from that of diploids, and chromosome counting confirmed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=2x=24 and the tetraploid chromosome number was 2n=4x=48. Morphological and cytological comparative analysis indicated that the leaf and flower-related traits such as growth potential and ornamental value of tetraploid plants were significantly superior to that of diploid plants. In addition, tetraploids had an increased stomatal size and a decreased stomatal density compared to diploids, which is consistent with typical cytological features of polyploids. In summary, this study established an efficient colchicine-induced polyploidization and ploidy identification protocol for P. filchnerae, and provides technical support for polyploid breeding and germplasm innovation in the species.

Key words: Primula filchnerae, colchicine, tetraploid, flow cytometry, chromosome counting, morphological traits

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