植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 540-553.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.04.007
• 遗传与育种 • 上一篇
唐世梅1,2,3, 黄安琪2,3, 陈之林4, 罗佳琳1, 李昕1, 晋宇轩4, 田代科1,5()
收稿日期:
2023-11-27
出版日期:
2024-07-20
发布日期:
2024-07-09
通讯作者:
田代科
E-mail:dktian@cemps.ac.cn
作者简介:
唐世梅(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事国产虎耳草属的多样性及观赏价值评价。
基金资助:
Shimei TANG1,2,3, Anqi HUANG2,3, Zhilin CHEN4, Jialin LUO1, Xin LI1, Yuxuan JIN4, Daike TIAN1,5()
Received:
2023-11-27
Online:
2024-07-20
Published:
2024-07-09
Contact:
Daike TIAN
E-mail:dktian@cemps.ac.cn
摘要:
为了全面理解虎耳草(Saxifraga stolonifera)的种内多样性,探讨种下分类的可能性,为资源保护及创新利用提供参考,对全国43个虎耳草居群的33个性状进行观察记录,通过数量性状变异和质量性状多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法探讨该种的表型性状多样性。结果表明:(1)数量性状变异系数为0.05~0.67,质量性状多样性指数为0.19~1.39,居群间斑纹分布式样和叶色多样性水平高,匍匐茎分枝数和叶长宽比分别为最不稳定和最稳定的性状。(2)数量性状和导出性状变异系数普遍较大、质量性状的多样性指数普遍较高及各主成分的贡献率较分散,因此不宜仅仅依靠形态特征对该种进行种下分类。(3)虎耳草居群间各性状相关性存在差异,叶长和叶宽、下长花瓣长和下短花瓣长、下长花瓣宽和下短花瓣宽等性状相关性显著。(4)基于形态聚类结果可将国产虎耳草分为3个分支,并表现出一定的地域性,其中分支Ⅰ由8个西南居群、2个华东居群和3个西北居群组成;分支Ⅱ由4个华东居群、4个华中居群、4个西南居群和1个西北居群组成,这一类表型的虎耳草分布广泛;分支Ⅲ由10个华中居群、6个西南居群和1个华东居群组成。
中图分类号:
唐世梅, 黄安琪, 陈之林, 罗佳琳, 李昕, 晋宇轩, 田代科. 虎耳草表型特征多样性分析[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(4): 540-553.
Shimei TANG, Anqi HUANG, Zhilin CHEN, Jialin LUO, Xin LI, Yuxuan JIN, Daike TIAN. Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Saxifraga stolonifera[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(4): 540-553.
表1
试验材料来源及编码
编号 No. | 居群 Population | 采集地点 Location | 编号 No. | 居群 Population | 采集地点 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AHFLK | 安徽茯苓坑Fulingkeng,Anhui | 23 | HNBSP** | 湖南白石铺Baishipu,Hunan |
2 | CQFZG | 重庆富正沟Fuzhenggou,Chongqing | 24 | HNGD | 湖南桂东Guidong,Hunan |
3 | CQNC | 重庆南川Nanchuan,Chongqing | 25 | HNHY | 湖南花垣Huayuan,Hunan |
4 | FJSM | 福建三明Sanming,Fujian | 26 | HNLS | 湖南龙山Longshan,Hunan |
5 | GSLT* | 甘肃临潭 Lintan,Gansu | 27 | HNYL1 | 湖南炎陵Yanling,Hunan |
6 | GZBJZJ | 贵州毕节织金Bijie Zhijin,Guizhou | 28 | HNYL2 | 湖南炎陵Yanling,Hunan |
7 | GZCS | 贵州赤水Chishui,Guizhou | 29 | HNLY | 河南洛阳Luoyang,Henan |
8 | GZGY1 | 贵州贵阳Guiyang,Guizhou | 30 | JSNT* | 江苏南通Nantong,Jiangsu |
9 | GZGY2 | 贵州贵阳Guiyang,Guizhou | 31 | JSYX* | 江苏宜兴Yixing,Jiansu |
10 | GZGY3 | 贵州贵阳Guiyang,Guizhou | 32 | SCEMS1 | 四川峨眉山Emeishan,Sichuan |
11 | GZGY4** | 贵州贵阳Guiyang,Guizhou | 33 | SCEMS2 | 四川峨眉山Emeishan,Sichuan |
12 | GZLB | 贵州荔波Libo,Guizhou | 34 | SCCN1 | 四川长宁Changning,Sichuan |
13 | GZMT | 贵州湄潭Meitan,Guizhou | 35 | SCNJ | 四川南江Nanjiang,Sichuan |
14 | GZZA | 贵州正安Zheng’an,Guizhou | 36 | SHBJ** | 上海滨江Binjiang,Shanghai |
15 | GZZY | 贵州遵义Zunyi,Guizhou | 37 | SXFP | 陕西佛坪Foping,Shaanxi |
16 | HBES | 湖北恩施Enshi,Hubei | 38 | SXXA 1 | 陕西西安Xi’an,Shaanxi |
17 | HBFX | 湖北房县Fangxian,Hubei | 39 | SXXA 2 | 陕西西安Xi’an,Shaanxi |
18 | HBHG | 湖北黄冈Huanggang,Hubei | 40 | YNPB | 云南屏边Pingbian,Yunnan |
19 | HBSLJ | 湖北神农架Shennongjia,Hubei | 41 | YNMLP | 云南麻栗坡Malipo,Yunnan |
20 | HBZG1 | 湖北秭归Zigui,Hubei | 42 | ZJMGS | 浙江莫干山Moganshan,Zhejiang |
21 | HBZG2 | 湖北秭归Zigui,Hubei | 43 | ZJTMS | 浙江天目山Tianmushan,Zhejiang |
22 | HBZG3 | 湖北秭归Zigui,Hubei |
表2
虎耳草表型性状及编码
编号 No. | 性状 Morphology | 编码 Code | 编码详细情况 Coding details |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 株高Plant height | N | 测量值Measured value |
2 | 匍匐茎长Stolon length | N | 测量值Measured value |
3 | 匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness | N | 测量值Measured value |
4 | 匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number | N | 测量值Measured value |
5 | 匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position | M | 无(1);上端分枝(2);下端分枝(3);上下端分枝(4) None(1);Upper branch(2);Lower branch(3);Upper and lower branch(4) |
6 | 匍匐茎颜色Stolon color | M | 绿(1);红-绿(2);红(3) Green(1);Red-green(2);Red(3) |
7 | 叶柄长Petiole length | N | 测量值Measured value |
8 | 叶柄粗Petiole thickness | N | 测量值Measured value |
9 | 叶长Leaf length | N | 测量值Measured value |
10 | 叶宽Leaf width | N | 测量值Measured value |
11 | 叶长宽比Leaf length/width ratio | D | 计算值Calculated value |
12 | 叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface | M | 短(1);中(2);长(3) Short(1);Medium(2);Long(3) |
13 | 叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface | M | 白(1);红(2) White(1);Red(2) |
14 | 叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface | M | 无斑(1);沿叶脉(2);脉间黑眉状(3);脉间不规则(4) Spotless(1);Along veins(2);Interveinal black eyebrow(3);Interveinal irregular spots(4) |
15 | 叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface | M | 浅绿(1);绿(2);深绿(3);紫红(4);黑褐(5);银白(6) Light green(1);Green(2);Dark green(3);Purplish red(4);Darkbrown(5);Silvery white(6) |
16 | 叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface | M | 无(1);银白(2);浅绿(3);绿(4);黑褐(5) None(1);Silvery white(2);Light green(3);Green(4);Dark brown(5) |
17 | 叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial leaf surface | M | 绿(1);粉绿(2);绿色带红斑(3);红紫(4) Green(1);Pink green(2);Green with red spotted(3);Red purple(4) |
18 | 花序高度Inflorescence height | N | 测量值Measured value |
19 | 小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis | N | 测量值Measured value |
20 | 小花序轴粗Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis | N | 测量值Measured value |
21 | 上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
22 | 上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
23 | 上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal | D | 计算值Calculated value |
24 | 上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal | M | 无红斑(1);粉红斑(2);红斑(3) Without red spots(1);Pink spotted(2);Red spotted(3) |
25 | 上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal | M | 白(1);淡粉(2) White(1);Light pink(2) |
26 | 下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
27 | 下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
28 | 下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal | D | 计算值Calculated value |
29 | 下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
30 | 下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal | N | 测量值Measured value |
31 | 下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal | D | 计算值Calculated value |
32 | 下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长 Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal | D | 计算值Calculated value |
33 | 下长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent | M | 无齿(2);具齿(1) Absent (2);Dentate (1) |
表3
虎耳草数量性状和导出性状的变异分析
数量性状/导出性状 Numerical trait/Derived trait | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 均值 Mean | 标准差 S | 变异系数 CV/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高Plant height/cm | 5.81 | 18.24 | 11.67 | 2.39 | 21 |
匍匐茎长Stolon length/cm | 17.24 | 54.43 | 36.77 | 10.42 | 28 |
匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness/mm | 0.76 | 3.14 | 1.91 | 0.45 | 24 |
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number | 0 | 5.36 | 2.04 | 1.37 | 67 |
叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 3.63 | 10.95 | 7.14 | 1.79 | 25 |
叶柄粗Petiole thickness/mm | 1.74 | 4.04 | 2.82 | 0.39 | 14 |
叶长Leaf length/cm | 2.72 | 8.52 | 6.16 | 1.18 | 19 |
叶宽Leaf width/cm | 3.65 | 10.07 | 7.39 | 1.36 | 18 |
叶长宽比Length-width ratio of leaf | 0.73 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.04 | 5 |
花序高度Inflorescence height | 20.88 | 59.33 | 40.56 | 8.66 | 21 |
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis/cm | 2.46 | 7.44 | 4.30 | 0.97 | 23 |
小花序轴粗Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis/mm | 0.53 | 1.21 | 0.71 | 0.13 | 19 |
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal/cm | 2.06 | 5.79 | 3.38 | 0.67 | 20 |
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal/cm | 1.50 | 2.87 | 2.08 | 0.32 | 15 |
上中花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of middle upper petal | 1.10 | 2.03 | 1.64 | 0.24 | 14 |
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal/cm | 8.22 | 20.95 | 12.79 | 2.50 | 20 |
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal/cm | 2.00 | 5.93 | 3.58 | 0.95 | 26 |
下长花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of long lower petal | 2.11 | 5.06 | 3.72 | 0.67 | 18 |
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal/cm | 7.06 | 18.15 | 10.86 | 2.38 | 22 |
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal/cm | 1.97 | 5.13 | 3.04 | 0.84 | 28 |
下短花瓣长宽比Length-width ratio of short lower petal | 2.18 | 5.22 | 3.71 | 0.66 | 18 |
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal | 1.04 | 1.48 | 1.19 | 0.10 | 8 |
表4
虎耳草质量性状频率分布及多样性
质量性状 Qualitative trait | 频率分布Frequency distribution /% | 遗传多样性指数 H′ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position | 11.63 | 2.33 | 81.40 | 4.65 | 0.65 | ||
匍匐茎颜色Stolon color | 11.63 | 46.51 | 41.86 | 0.97 | |||
叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface | 46.51 | 39.53 | 13.95 | 1.00 | |||
叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface | 93.02 | 6.98 | 0.25 | ||||
叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface | 44.19 | 39.53 | 2.33 | 13.95 | 1.09 | ||
叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface | 16.28 | 37.21 | 34.88 | 2.33 | 2.33 | 6.98 | 1.39 |
叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface | 44.19 | 37.21 | 2.33 | 4.65 | 11.63 | 1.21 | |
叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial leaf surface | 46.51 | 23.26 | 20.93 | 9.30 | 1.24 | ||
上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal | 13.95 | 27.91 | 58.14 | 0.95 | |||
上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal | 18.60 | 81.40 | 0.48 | ||||
下方长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent | 95.35 | 4.65 | 0.19 |
表5
虎耳草不同分支数量性状和导出性状差异性
数量性状/导出性状 Numerical trait/Derived trait | 分支Ⅰ Cluster Ⅰ | 分支Ⅱ Cluster Ⅱ | 分支Ⅲ Cluster Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|
株高Plant height/cm | 12.02±1.56a | 12.51±2.58a | 10.76±2.59a |
匍匐茎长Stolon length/cm | 43.86±8.86a | 35.37±9.66b | 32.41±9.68b |
匍匐茎粗Stolon diameter/mm | 1.86±0.37a | 2.04±0.46a | 1.84±0.50a |
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number | 3.41±1.17a | 1.27±0.81b | 1.57±1.08b |
叶柄长Petiole length/cm | 8.25±1.16a | 7.22±1.70ab | 6.23±1.82b |
叶柄粗Petiole diameter/mm | 2.77±0.31a | 3.01±0.38a | 2.72±0.42a |
叶长Leaf length/cm | 6.72±1.01a | 6.57±1.09a | 5.42±1.01b |
叶宽Leaf width/cm | 8.17±1.18a | 7.79±1.23a | 6.50±1.08b |
叶长宽比Length/width ratio of leaf | 0.83±0.03a | 0.85±0.03a | 0.85±0.06a |
花序高度Inflorescence height/cm | 44.51±6.87a | 42.15±7.40ab | 36.32±9.30b |
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis/cm | 3.89±0.61b | 4.90±0.58a | 4.15±1.21b |
小花序轴粗Diameter of secondary inflorescence rachis/mm | 0.63±0.07b | 0.82±0.15a | 0.69±0.10b |
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal/cm | 3.12±0.31a | 3.56±0.66a | 3.45±0.83a |
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal/cm | 1.90±0.19b | 2.34±0.34a | 2.03±0.27b |
上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal | 1.67±0.22a | 1.54±0.23a | 1.70±0.24a |
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal/cm | 11.43±1.16b | 15.02±2.73a | 12.12±1.94b |
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal/cm | 3.00±0.48b | 4.71±0.73a | 3.00±0.52b |
下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal | 3.93±0.61b | 3.25±0.54a | 3.92±0.65a |
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal/cm | 9.28±0.94b | 13.21±2.25a | 10.28±1.87b |
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal/cm | 2.49±0.50b | 4.01±0.70a | 2.71±0.44b |
下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal | 3.83±0.63a | 3.37±0.57a | 3.87±0.67a |
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal | 1.24±0.10a | 1.14±0.07b | 1.19±0.10ab |
表6
主成分特征值、贡献率及特征向量
性状 Trait | 主成分Principal component | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
下长花瓣宽Width of long lower petal | 0.85 | -0.29 | 0.01 | -0.10 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.12 | -0.18 |
下短花瓣宽Width of short lower petal | 0.84 | -0.34 | -0.14 | -0.07 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.08 | -0.11 |
下短花瓣长Length of short lower petal | 0.73 | -0.36 | 0.40 | 0.19 | -0.12 | 0.14 | -0.10 | -0.20 |
下长花瓣长Length of long lower petal | 0.65 | -0.28 | 0.58 | 0.22 | -0.11 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -0.21 |
叶柄粗Petiole thickness | 0.60 | 0.39 | 0.06 | -0.15 | -0.27 | -0.24 | -0.14 | -0.19 |
小花序轴粗 Thickness of secondary inflorescence rachis | 0.59 | -0.08 | 0.06 | -0.34 | -0.30 | -0.44 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
叶上表面次色Secondary color of adaxial leaf surface | 0.56 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.12 | -0.06 | -0.32 | 0.42 |
匍匐茎粗Stolon thickness | 0.48 | 0.42 | -0.23 | -0.44 | -0.16 | -0.11 | -0.16 | -0.04 |
上中花瓣宽Width of middle upper petal | 0.47 | -0.39 | 0.22 | -0.19 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.07 |
叶柄长Petiole length | 0.35 | 0.76 | -0.13 | 0.04 | -0.25 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
叶宽Leaf width | 0.48 | 0.76 | 0.08 | -0.10 | 0.00 | -0.12 | -0.09 | -0.12 |
叶长Leaf length | 0.51 | 0.72 | 0.06 | -0.24 | 0.04 | -0.13 | -0.16 | -0.11 |
匍匐茎分枝数Stolon branch number | -0.16 | 0.69 | 0.22 | -0.11 | 0.38 | 0.18 | -0.22 | -0.06 |
匍匐茎长Stolon length | 0.12 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
花序高度Inflorescence height | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.18 | -0.31 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.43 |
株高Plant height | 0.45 | 0.48 | -0.18 | 0.16 | -0.39 | 0.24 | 0.29 | -0.17 |
上中花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of middle upper petal | -0.14 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.08 | -0.14 | 0.10 | -0.16 | 0.00 |
上中花瓣长Length of middle upper petal | 0.25 | -0.28 | 0.80 | -0.08 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
下短花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of short lower petal | -0.41 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.25 | -0.44 | -0.02 | -0.22 | -0.11 |
下长花瓣长宽比Length/width ratio of long lower petal | -0.53 | 0.10 | 0.57 | 0.33 | -0.36 | 0.04 | -0.01 | 0.02 |
上中花瓣斑纹Stripe of middle upper petal | 0.28 | -0.17 | -0.51 | 0.43 | -0.29 | 0.23 | 0.18 | -0.13 |
叶长宽比Leaf length/width ratio | 0.18 | -0.05 | 0.04 | -0.60 | 0.25 | 0.07 | -0.34 | 0.11 |
叶下表面颜色Color of abaxial surface | -0.19 | 0.36 | -0.15 | 0.53 | 0.48 | -0.18 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
上中花瓣颜色Color of middle upper petal | 0.34 | 0.02 | -0.29 | 0.49 | -0.01 | 0.16 | 0.04 | -0.13 |
叶上表面斑纹分布Stripe distribution of adaxial leaf surface | 0.45 | -0.19 | -0.07 | 0.47 | 0.16 | -0.23 | -0.28 | 0.34 |
叶上表面毛被长度Indumentum length of adaxial leaf surface | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 0.47 | 0.24 | -0.42 | 0.27 | -0.25 |
匍匐茎颜色Stolon color | 0.33 | -0.01 | -0.04 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.08 | -0.20 | -0.05 |
叶上表面毛被颜色Indumentum color of adaxial leaf surface | -0.12 | 0.37 | -0.08 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.33 | -0.06 |
匍匐茎分枝部位Stolon branch position | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.47 | -0.33 | 0.48 | -0.22 | 0.07 | -0.08 |
下长花瓣是否具齿Long lower petal dentate or absent | 0.40 | -0.23 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.04 | -0.55 | -0.06 | -0.12 |
下长花瓣长/下短花瓣长Length ratio of long lower petal and short lower petal | -0.43 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.06 | -0.27 | 0.46 | 0.10 |
叶上表面主色Main color of adaxial leaf surface | 0.07 | 0.33 | -0.15 | 0.34 | -0.08 | 0.18 | -0.39 | 0.15 |
小花序轴长Length of secondary inflorescence rachis | 0.54 | 0.03 | 0.16 | -0.22 | -0.16 | -0.03 | 0.30 | 0.61 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 4.24 | 4.20 | 3.58 | 2.61 | 2.47 | 2.41 | 2.36 | 1.98 |
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/% | 12.85 | 12.73 | 10.86 | 7.90 | 7.49 | 7.30 | 7.16 | 5.99 |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% | 12.85 | 25.58 | 36.44 | 44.34 | 51.83 | 59.13 | 66.29 | 72.28 |
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