植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 574-583.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.007
收稿日期:
2021-03-20
出版日期:
2022-07-20
发布日期:
2022-07-15
通讯作者:
赵财
E-mail:zhaocai_11@163.com
作者简介:
石甜(1995—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物系统与进化生物学研究。
基金资助:
Tian SHI, Zhongmei MO, Min WU, Cai ZHAO()
Received:
2021-03-20
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-07-15
Contact:
Cai ZHAO
E-mail:zhaocai_11@163.com
About author:
SHI Tian(1995—),female,master candidates,engaged in research of plant systems and evolutionary biology.
Supported by:
摘要:
对我国14个地区的药食同源植物薤白(Allium macrostemon)的叶绿体基因片段(psbA-trnH、rps16和trnL-F)与核基因片段(ITS)进行测序分析,揭示薤白的遗传变异分布式样、单倍型地理分布格局,并推断其在第四纪冰期的避难所。结果表明:薤白叶绿体基因(cpDNA)遗传多样性低于核基因(nrDNA)遗传多样性(cpDNA:HT=0.868;nrDNA:HT=0.890)。cpDNA和nrDNA的分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果显示:薤白遗传变异主要发生在居群间(cpDNA:92.84%;nrDNA:98.40%),存在遗传分化(cpDNA:Nst=0.918,Gst=0.866,Fst=0.928;nrDNA:Nst=0.984,Gst=0.855,Fst=0.984),且Nst均大于Gst,表明该物种具有明显的谱系地理结构。在薤白居群中,共检测到11个叶绿体单倍型和14个nrDNA基因型;单倍型网络图及地理分布图表明,叶绿体单倍型H3、核DNA基因型H1频率最高,位于网络结构图的中心位置,可能为古老单倍型。此外,冰期避难所假说认为遗传多样性高、拥有古老单倍型和较多特有单倍型的区域可能是该物种的冰期避难所,因此推测薤白在第四纪冰期时可能在大盘山、天水和通化地区存在多个冰期避难所。这些分析可为类似草本植物的进化提供参考,丰富对东亚草本植物分子系统与生物地理学的认识。
中图分类号:
石甜, 莫忠妹, 吴敏, 赵财. 药食同源植物薤白的谱系地理学研究[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 574-583.
Tian SHI, Zhongmei MO, Min WU, Cai ZHAO. Phylogeography of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Plant Allium macrostemon[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 574-583.
表1
薤白居群地理分布信息
居群名称 Sample name | 采集地 Location | 北纬度 North latitude (N) | 东经度 East longitude (E) | 海拔 Altitude /m |
---|---|---|---|---|
DPS | 浙江省大盘山 Dapanshan,Zhejiang | 28°56′26″ | 120°31′42″ | 1 202 |
FZS | 福建省福州市 Fuzhou,Fujian | 25°58′40″ | 119°38′11″ | 53 |
GZS | 广东省广州市 Guangzhou,Guangdong | 22°54′59″ | 113°18′42″ | 35 |
TSS | 甘肃省天水市 Tianshui,Gansu | 34°29′02″ | 105°46′15″ | 1 892 |
GLS | 广西壮族自治区桂林市 Guilin,Guangxi | 25°11′29″ | 110°25′10″ | 270 |
HSS | 湖北省黄石市 Huangshi,Hubei | 30°11′32″ | 114°57′05″ | 119 |
HHS | 湖南省怀化市 Huaihua,Hunan | 27°20′11″ | 106°10′47″ | 412 |
XYS | 河南省信阳市 Xinyang,Henan | 32°03′33″ | 114°00′58″ | 115 |
THS | 吉林省通化市 Tonghua,Jilin | 41°42′50″ | 125°49′45″ | 558 |
MDJ | 黑龙江省牡丹江市 Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang | 44°41′59″ | 129°45′34″ | 251 |
NMG | 内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市 Ordos,Inner Mongolia | 39°29′14″ | 109°32′41″ | 1 426 |
YCS | 宁夏回族自治区银川市 Yinchuan,Ningxia | 38°36′30″ | 106°15′45″ | 1 106 |
JGX | 四川省剑阁市 Jiange,Sichuan | 31°49′38″ | 105°40′03″ | 704 |
YXS | 云南省玉溪市 Yuxi,Yunnan | 24°10′05″ | 102°24′03″ | 1 601 |
表2
PCR引物信息及反应程序
引物名称 Sequence name | 引物序列 Primer(5′—3′) | 反应程序 PCR protocol |
---|---|---|
psbA-trnH | F:CGAAGCTCCATCTACAAATGG R:ACTGCCTTGATCCACTTGGC | 94 ℃,3 min;35×(94 ℃,45 s;55 ℃,45 s;72 ℃,1 min 45 s);72 ℃,7 min |
rps16 | F:GTGGTAGAAAGCAACGTGCGACTT R:TCGGGATCGAACATCAATTGCAAC | 95 ℃,4 min;35×(95 ℃,30 s;53.4 ℃,1 min;72 ℃,90 s);72 ℃,5 min |
trnL-F | F:ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG R:CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG | 95 ℃,4 min;30×(95 ℃,45 s;52 ℃,45 s;72 ℃,1 min);72 ℃,10 min |
ITS | F:GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG R:TCCTCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC | 94 ℃,4 min;36×(94 ℃,1 min;55.6 ℃,45 s;72 ℃,1 min);72 ℃,7 min |
表4
薤白居群内单倍型分布及多态性信息
居群名称 Sample name | cpDNA | nrDNA | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | π (×10-3) | Hd | H | 单倍型(样本数) Haplotypes(number) | n | π (×10-3) | Hd | H | 单倍型(样本数) Haplotypes(number) | |
合计Total | 160 | 0.780 | 0.866 | 165 | 64.78 | 0.835 | ||||
DPS | 12 | 0.340 | 0.545 | 3 | H1(8);H2(2);H3(2) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H1(12) |
FZS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H4(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H1(12) |
GZS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H5(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H2(12) |
TSS | 11 | 0.310 | 0.545 | 2 | H3(6);H6(5) | 12 | 7.170 | 0.591 | 3 | H3(4);H4(7);H5(1) |
GLS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H7(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H6(12) |
HSS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H5(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H1(12) |
HHS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H8(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H1(12) |
XYS | 10 | 0.300 | 0.533 | 2 | H3(4);H9(6) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H1(12) |
THS | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H5(9) | 9 | 1.900 | 0.556 | 2 | H7(5); H8(4) |
MDJ | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H10(11) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H9(12) |
NMG | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H3(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H10(12) |
YCS | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H3(11) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H11(12) |
JGX | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H11(12) | 12 | 2.900 | 0.667 | 3 | H12(6);H13(4);H14(2) |
YXS | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H11(12) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | H15(12) |
表5
薤白种群的分子方差分析结果
类型 Types | 变异来源 Sources of variation | 自由度 df | 总方差 Sum of squares | 变异成分 Variance components | 变异百分比 Percentage of variation /% | 类型 Types | 变异来源 Sources of variation | 自由度 df | 总方差 Sum of squares | 变异成分 Variance components | 变异百分比 Percentage of variation /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cpDNA | 居群间 Among populations | 13 | 112.352 | 0.751 51 | 92.84 | nrDNA | 居群间 Among populations | 13 | 3 450.521 | 22.497 30 | 98.40 |
居群内 Within populations | 146 | 8.461 | 0.057 95 | 7.16 | 居群内 Within populations | 146 | 55.194 | 0.365 53 | 1.60 | ||
总体Total | 159 | 120.812 | 0.809 45 | 总体Total | 159 | 3 505.715 | 22.862 834 |
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