植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 502-511.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.03.020
收稿日期:
2021-04-22
出版日期:
2022-05-20
发布日期:
2022-05-20
通讯作者:
袁春明
E-mail:1162042782@qq.com
作者简介:
张珊珊(1984—),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事保护生物学的研究工作。
基金资助:
Shanshan ZHANG, Chunming YUAN()
Received:
2021-04-22
Online:
2022-05-20
Published:
2022-05-20
Contact:
Chunming YUAN
E-mail:1162042782@qq.com
About author:
ZHANG Shanshan(1984—),female,doctor,mainly engaged in the research of conservation biology.
Supported by:
摘要:
以1年生极小种群野生植物景东翅子树(Pterospermum kingtungense)实生苗为研究对象,通过双因子室内受控试验,设置6个土壤水分梯度(100%、90%、80%、60%、40%、30%田间持水量)和4个光强梯度(100%、75%、50%、25%自然光照),研究土壤水分和光强对其幼苗生长(地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量、叶片数量和株高)及光合特性[净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)]的影响。结果表明:①随着土壤水分的减少,景东翅子树幼苗的生长及光合指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,一般会在田间持水能力W2(32.11%)或W3(28.54%)处理下达到峰值,W6(10.70%)条件下的生长状况最差。②随着光强的降低,除了Ls外,景东翅子树幼苗的4个生长指标及5个光合特性指标均表现出先增加后减少的趋势,且均在光强为L2(75%自然光照)或L3(50%自然光照)条件下表现最佳。③不同土壤水分和不同光强的综合评价得分显示,W2土壤水分和L2光强下的综合评价得分分别最高,证明适量的土壤水分环境和适度遮荫最适于景东翅子树幼苗的生长及其光合作用。④二元线性回归分析结果表明,土壤水分和光强这2个自变量分别对景东翅子树幼苗的生长和光合指标有较强的影响。研究结果可为景东翅子树的幼苗培育及其种群恢复与重建提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
张珊珊, 袁春明. 土壤水分和光强对景东翅子树幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(3): 502-511.
Shanshan ZHANG, Chunming YUAN. Effects of Soil Moisture and Light Intensity on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pterospermum kingtungense Seedlings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(3): 502-511.
表1
测量指标的方差结果
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass | 地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass | 叶片数量 Leaf number | 株高 Height | Pn | Tr | Gs | Ci | Ls | WUE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤水分 Soil moisture | 5 | **(F=71.394) | **(F=95.558) | **(F=109.725) | **(F=11.399) | **(F=330.794) | **(F=26.555) | **(F=7.470) | **(F=222.882) | **(F=6.674) | **(F=35.417) |
光强 Light intensity | 3 | **(F=133.967) | **(F=206.906) | **(F=349.591) | **(F=9.245) | **(F=128.857) | **(F=12.001) | **(F=10.243) | **(F=41.020) | **(F=10.560) | **(F=39.731) |
土壤水分×光强 Soil moisture× Light intensity | 15 | **(F=5.190) | **(F=12.089) | **(F=6.956) | ns (F=0.583) | **(F=8.634) | **(F=14.324) | **(F=1.801) | **(F=17.315) | ns (F=0.817) | **(F=22.337) |
表 2
不同土壤水分和光强对景东翅子树幼苗光合特性及生长指标的影响
土壤水分 Soil moisture | 光强 Light intensity | 地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass /g | 地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass /g | 叶片数 Leaf number | 株高 Height /cm | Pn /(μmol·m2·s-1) | Tr /(mmol·m2·s-1) | Gs /(mol·m2·s-1) | Ci /(μmol·m2) | Ls | WUE /(mmol·mol-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | L1 | 1.40±0.12Aab | 0.76±0.07Ba | 5.20±0.53Ab | 18.08±2.12Aa | 3.81±0.41ABb | 0.04±0.00Bb | 245.48±22.12Cbc | 0.91±0.08Bb | 0.42±0.03Aa | 3.87±0.36Aa |
L2 | 1.58±0.12Ab | 1.06±0.11Aab | 5.50±0.51Aab | 19.38±1.96Aab | 4.93±0.48Ab | 0.15±0.01Aa | 272.00±26.37Bb | 1.16±0.12ABb | 0.35±0.04Aa | 3.70±0.30A6a | |
L3 | 1.73±0.16Aa | 1.19±0.11Aab | 4.33±0.52Bb | 19.40±1.95Aab | 4.65±0.47Aab | 0.10±0.00Ab | 304.79±26.46Aa | 1.74±0.15Aa | 0.39±0.02Aa | 2.83±0.26Ba | |
L4 | 0.64±0.05Bab | 0.38±0.04Cab | 2.80±0.29Cab | 15.95±1.50Bb | 3.79±0.38Bab | 0.04±0.00Ba | 257.50±23.65Ca | 1.15±0.13Aa | 0.29±0.04Aa | 2.43±0.23Bbc | |
W2 | L1 | 1.71±0.16Ba | 0.80±0.07Ba | 6.00±0.63Aa | 20.10±2.09Aa | 5.41±0.53Aa | 0.14±0.01Ba | 282.63±23.08Ba | 1.58±0.15ABa | 0.42±0.03Aa | 3.27±0.33Bab |
L2 | 2.33±0.25Aa | 1.31±0.12Aa | 6.71±0.72Aa | 22.98±2.32Aa | 5.83±0.56Aa | 0.36±0.04Aa | 320.90±30.55Aa | 2.16±0.21Aa | 0.43±0.04Aa | 3.60±0.32Ba | |
L3 | 2.18±0.22Aa | 1.42±0.14Aa | 5.20±0.51Ba | 20.76±2.11Aa | 5.59±0.57Aa | 0.05±0.00Cb | 270.63±23.33BCb | 1.41±0.12Bb | 0.39±0.03Aa | 4.95±0.49Aa | |
L4 | 0.86±0.09Ca | 0.47±0.05Ba | 3.00±0.31Ca | 18.50±1.83Ba | 4.45±0.45Ba | 0.06±0.01Ca | 258.00±24.77Ca | 1.35±0.16Aa | 0.32±0.04Aa | 2.83±0.29Cb | |
W3 | L1 | 1.44±0.15ABab | 0.78±0.06ABa | 6.00±0.62Aa | 19.47±1.83aA | 4.47±0.46ABa | 0.05±0.01Cb | 259.42±23.56Bb | 1.15±0.12Ba | 0.46±0.04Aa | 4.05±0.41Aa |
L2 | 2.31±0.24Aa | 1.19±0.11Aa | 5.80±0.60Aa | 19.50±2.01Aab | 5.35±0.52Aa | 0.33±0.01Ba | 310.14±30.13Aa | 2.07±0.19Aa | 0.34±0.03Aa | 3.30±0.31Bb | |
L3 | 1.83±0.19Aa | 1.16±0.12Aab | 5.00±0.49Ba | 20.43±2.05Aa | 4.96±0.49Aa | 0.14±0.03Aa | 268.43±24.74Bb | 1.38±0.14Bb | 0.38±0.04Aa | 3.70±0.43Aa | |
L4 | 0.75±0.06Ca | 0.46±0.04Ba | 2.83±0.29Ca | 16.83±1.79Ba | 4.17±0.42Ba | 0.05±0.01Ca | 258.00±24.88Ba | 1.24±0.15Ba | 0.41±0.03Aa | 2.51±0.23Cb | |
W4 | L1 | 1.02±0.12ABb | 0.52±0.06ABb | 5.20±0.54Ab | 18.06±1.79Aa | 3.50±0.36Bb | 0.03±0.00Bb | 243.60±23.67Bb | 0.83±0.07Bb | 0.39±0.03Aa | 2.45±0.25ABb |
L2 | 1.37±0.14Ab | 0.92±0.09Ab | 5.33±0.49Ab | 19.34±1.96Ab | 4.93±0.44Ab | 0.06±0.01Ab | 261.50±26.67Ab | 1.10±0.11ABb | 0.33±0.02Aa | 3.12±0.33Ab | |
L3 | 1.33±0.12Ab | 0.80±0.07Ab | 4.33±0.44Bb | 18.60±1.59Ab | 3.69±0.37Bb | 0.08±0.01Ab | 285.58±28.35Ab | 1.40±0.13Ab | 0.24±0.02Aa | 2.64±0.24Aa | |
L4 | 0.54±0.04Bb | 0.37±0.04Bab | 2.67±0.27Cb | 15.35±1.52Bbc | 2.40±0.23Cb | 0.03±0.00Bab | 243.50±25.96Bab | 1.02±0.11Bb | 0.36±0.03Aa | 2.07±0.21Bc | |
W5 | L1 | 0.80±0.07ABb | 0.41±0.04Bb | 4.00±0.44Bc | 15.68±1.62ABb | 1.28±0.13Ca | 0.02±0.00Bb | 236.60±24.07Bc | 0.72±0.06Ab | 0.36±0.03Aa | 1.69±0.17Bc |
L2 | 1.28±0.11Abc | 0.53±0.05ABc | 5.00±0.52Ab | 16.90±1.71Ac | 4.65±0.43Ab | 0.06±0.01Ab | 248.22±23.97ABc | 1.04±0.11Ab | 0.32±0.02Aa | 3.46±0.36Aab | |
L3 | 1.20±0.11Ab | 0.74±0.06Ab | 4.25±0.41Bb | 18.28±1.93Ab | 2.52±0.26Bb | 0.04±0.00Ab | 262.63±25.12Ab | 0.75±0.07Ac | 0.22±0.02Aa | 3.86±0.33Aa | |
L4 | 0.53±0.05Bb | 0.36±0.03Bab | 2.60±0.23Cb | 15.10±1.50Bbc | 1.23±0.13Cc | 0.01±0.00Bb | 231.39±22.28Bb | 0.42±0.03Bc | 0.31±0.03Aa | 2.57±0.27Ba | |
W6 | L1 | 0.75±0.06ABb | 0.47±0.05ABb | 3.25±0.35Ac | 15.08±1.55Ab | 0.59±0.55Cd | 0.01±0.00Ac | 232.43±23.16ABc | 0.39±0.04Ac | 0.36±0.04Aa | 1.61±0.16Bc |
L2 | 0.96±0.08Ac | 0.71±0.07Abc | 3.50±0.41Ac | 16.83±1.69Ac | 2.12±0.22Ac | 0.02±0.00Ac | 231.00±22.34ABc | 0.44±0.05Ac | 0.29±0.0A2a | 3.96±0.37Aa | |
L3 | 0.76±0.06ABc | 0.30±0.03ABc | 3.20±0.33Ac | 14.23±1.46Bc | 0.92±0.09Bc | 0.02±0.00Ab | 247.46±23.86Ac | 0.38±0.04Ad | 0.21±0.02Aa | 2.36±0.22Aa | |
L4 | 0.51±0.05Bb | 0.21±0.03Bb | 1.75±0.16Bc | 14.14±1.41Bc | 0.55±0.05Cd | 0.01±0.00Ab | 226.72±23.18Bb | 0.32±0.03Ac | 0.30±0.03Aa | 1.86±0.19Bd |
表3
不同土壤水分条件下主成分分析的特征值和贡献率
成分 Component | 方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate /% | 因子提取后的方差累积率 Cumulative variance rate after factor extraction /% | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | |
1 | 54.293 | 51.813 | 46.663 | 43.636 | 35.976 | 40.705 | 54.293 | 51.813 | 46.663 | 43.636 | 35.976 | 40.705 |
2 | 30.104 | 35.408 | 46.035 | 28.539 | 35.28 | 33.622 | 84.397 | 87.221 | 92.698 | 72.176 | 71.256 | 74.327 |
3 | 15.603 | 12.779 | 27.824 | 28.744 | 25.673 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
表4
不同土壤水分条件下各主成分得分系数矩阵
指标 Index | 主成分1 PC 1 | 主成分2 PC 2 | 主成分3 PC3 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | |
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass | 0.703 | 0.881 | 0.884 | 0.628 | 0.642 | 0.989 | 0.258 | -0.428 | -0.381 | 0.456 | 0.479 | 0.038 | -0.663 | -0.200 | 0.145 | 0.63 | 0.599 | |
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass | 0.783 | 0.984 | 0.864 | 0.576 | -0.005 | 0.989 | 0.455 | -0.170 | -0.371 | -0.146 | -0.102 | -0.121 | -0.425 | 0.043 | -0.086 | 0.804 | 0.995 | |
叶片数 Leaf number | 0.273 | 0.929 | 0.884 | 0.290 | -0.004 | 0.775 | 0.944 | -0.189 | 0.423 | 0.612 | 0.905 | 0.560 | 0.187 | 0.319 | -0.291 | 0.736 | 0.426 | |
株高 Height | 0.790 | 0.964 | 0.797 | 0.109 | -0.084 | 0.972 | 0.606 | 0.049 | 0.603 | 0.353 | 0.261 | -0.232 | -0.089 | -0.260 | -0.027 | 0.929 | 0.962 | |
Pn | 0.916 | 0.839 | -0.070 | 0.134 | 0.999 | -0.038 | 0.393 | 0.523 | 0.972 | 0.956 | 0.022 | 0.893 | -0.078 | 0.153 | 0.448 | 0.262 | -0.027 | |
Tr | 0.154 | -0.015 | 0.109 | 0.922 | 0.970 | 0.591 | 0.328 | 0.247 | 0.953 | 0.065 | -0.204 | 0.577 | 0.932 | 0.969 | 0.563 | 0.381 | 0.132 | |
Gs | 0.991 | -0.034 | -0.170 | 0.976 | -0.374 | 0.394 | 0.050 | 0.983 | 0.873 | 0.179 | 0.928 | -0.890 | 0.127 | 0.182 | 0.230 | 0.126 | 0.004 | |
Ci | 0.923 | -0.480 | -0.790 | 0.871 | 0.923 | -0.196 | -0.384 | 0.874 | 0.601 | -0.415 | -0.345 | 0.489 | 0.009 | -0.082 | 0.850 | 0.263 | -0.170 | |
Ls | -0.963 | 0.036 | 0.245 | -0.977 | 0.384 | -0.023 | -0.267 | -0.967 | -0.892 | -0.154 | -0.871 | 0 | -0.050 | -0.250 | -1.000 | -0.148 | 0.305 | |
WUE | 0 | 0.841 | 0.995 | -0.081 | 0.316 | 0.153 | 0.998 | -0.539 | -0.085 | 0.99 | 0.788 | 0.904 | 0.064 | -0.046 | 0.400 | 0.115 | 0.529 |
表6
不同光强水平下各主成分得分系数矩阵
指标 Index | 主成分1 PC1 | 主成分2 PC2 | 主成分3 PC3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L1 | |
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass | -0.222 | 0.805 | -0.222 | 0.858 | -0.063 | 0.387 | 0.908 | 0.177 | 0.960 |
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass | -0.247 | 0.627 | 0.995 | 0.883 | 0.059 | 0.688 | 0.040 | 0.317 | 0.958 |
叶片数量 Leaf number | 0.348 | 0.972 | 0.858 | 0.867 | 0.441 | 0.167 | 0.183 | 0.356 | 0.811 |
株高 Height | 0.070 | 0.766 | 0.887 | 0.865 | 0.967 | 0.584 | 0.191 | 0.361 | 0.172 |
Pn | 0.256 | 0.732 | 0.652 | 0.987 | 0.960 | 0.629 | 0.740 | -0.041 | 0.074 |
Tr | 0.767 | 0.463 | 0.904 | 0.939 | 0.602 | 0.796 | -0.205 | -0.049 | 0.075 |
Gs | 0.807 | 0.292 | 0.945 | -0.082 | 0.570 | -0.870 | 0.288 | -0.995 | -0.143 |
Ci | 0.710 | 0.414 | 0.707 | 0.819 | 0.680 | 0.851 | 0.636 | 0.204 | 0.062 |
Ls | -0.853 | -0.854 | -0.948 | 0.119 | -0.479 | -0.199 | -0.257 | 0.988 | 0.124 |
WUE | -0.900 | 0.959 | -0.219 | 0.945 | 0.267 | -0.020 | -0.820 | -0.142 | 0.293 |
表9
基于土壤水分和光强建立的二元回归分析模型
模型 Model | 非标准化系数 Non standardized coefficient | 标准误 Standard error | 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient | 系数显著性 Significance of coefficient | 模型显著性 Significance of model | 方程 Equation | 相关性 (R Square) Correlation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass | 常量 Constant | 0.472 | 0.279 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=0.472+0.568x1+0.172x2 | 0.776 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.568 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.172 | 0.000 | ||||
地下部分生物量 Belowground biomass | 常量 Constant | 0.019 | 0.131 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=0.019+0.687x1+0.396x2 | 0.793 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.687 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.396 | 0.000 | ||||
叶片数量 Leaf number | 常量 Constant | 2.381 | 0.686 | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=2.381+0.377x1+0.397x2 | 0.747 | |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.377 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.018 | 0.008 | 0.397 | 0.000 | ||||
株高 Height | 常量 Constant | 13.156 | 0.866 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=13.156+0.485x1+0.619x2 | 0.787 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.037 | 0.010 | 0.485 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.049 | 0.011 | 0.619 | 0.000 | ||||
Pn | 常量 Constant | 0.809 | 0.690 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=0.809+0.119x1+0.739x2 | 0.749 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.119 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.044 | 0.009 | 0.739 | 0.000 | ||||
Tr | 常量 Constant | 0.014 | 0.049 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=0.014+0.036x1+0.496x2 | 0.739 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.036 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.496 | 0.000 | ||||
Gs | 常量 Constant | 218.926 | 11.901 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=218.926+0.557x1+0.331x2 | 0.848 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.468 | 0.140 | 0.557 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.292 | 0.147 | 0.331 | 0.000 | ||||
Ci | 常量 Constant | 0.447 | 0.280 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=0.447+0.189x1+0.483x2 | 0.766 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.189 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.483 | 0.000 | ||||
Ls | 常量 Constant | 5.465 | 4.678 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=5.465+0.031x1+0.262x2 | 0.803 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.008 | 0.055 | 0.031 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.072 | 0.058 | 0.262 | 0.000 | ||||
WUE | 常量 Constant | 2.176 | 0.477 | — | 0.000 | 0.000 | Y=2.176+0.180x1+0.355x2 | 0.722 |
土壤水分的系数(x1) Coefficient of soil moisture | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.180 | 0.000 | ||||
光强的系数(x2) Coefficient of light intensity | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.355 | 0.000 |
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