不同色彩珙桐苞片与叶片的生理特性研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以生长在同一生境下的粉红珙桐和普通珙桐植株为试材，比较两种珙桐苞片/叶片的色素、基础代谢物含量和酶活性，探讨粉红珙桐苞片与叶片的呈色机理。结果显示：粉红珙桐叶片的类黄酮含量是普通珙桐的1.52倍，两种珙桐苞片中的类黄酮含量都较低，且无显著差异（P>0.05）；粉红珙桐苞片和叶片的花色苷含量极显著高于普通珙桐（P<0.01），分别是普通珙桐的1.68倍和3.67倍；粉红叶片的光合色素略低于绿色叶片，但无显著差异（P>0.05）。粉红珙桐苞片和叶片的可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量显著高于普通珙桐（P<0.05），可溶性蛋白含量则相反；苞片的可溶性糖含量极显著低于叶片（P<0.01），而可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量更高（P<0.01）。粉红珙桐苞片和叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（CHI）活性极显著高于普通珙桐（P<0.01），过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性无显著差异（P>0.05）；苞片中的酶活性大多都显著高于叶片（P<0.05），尤其是CHI活性。类黄酮、花色苷含量与可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量、PAL、CHI活性呈显著正相关，而与可溶性蛋白含量显著负相关。研究表明，花色苷是珙桐苞片转粉红的直接因素，而叶片转粉红受类黄酮和花色苷的共同影响，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、PAL、CHI影响花色苷的合成。

关键词: 粉红珙桐, 花色苷, 基础代谢物, 酶活力

Abstract: To explain the coloration mechanism of pink Davidia involucrata Baill., D.involucrata bracts and leaves with two different colors were selected to study the physiological indexes including pigment, basal metabolite content and enzyme activity. The flavonoid content(FC) of pink leaves was 1.52 times that of green leaves. Flavonoid contents in two colors of bracts were low, and the difference was not obvious(P>0.05). The anthocyanin contents(AC) in the bracts and leaves of pink plants were 1.68 times and 3.67 times that of common ones, and the difference was extremely obvious(P<0.01). The photosynthetic pigment contents of pink leaves were slightly lower than that of green leaves(P>0.05). Compared to common plants, pink ones accumulated more soluble sugar(SS) and proline(Pro) but less soluble protein(SP)(P<0.05). Compared to the leaves, the bracts accumulated less soluble sugar(SS) but much more proline(Pro) and soluble protein(SP)(P<0.01). The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) and chalcone isomerase(CHI) of pink ones were significantly higher(P<0.01), while peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in two colors of plants were not much different(P>0.05). The enzyme activities of the bracts were mostly higher than that of the leaves(P<0.05), especially the CHI activity. The contents of flavonoid and anthocyanin were significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar, proline contents, PAL and CHI activities, but negatively correlated with soluble protein content. In conclusion, anthocyanin directly caused the bracts to turn pink, and flavonoid and anthocyanin caused the leaves to be pink. Soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, PAL and CHI affected the anabolism of anthocyanin.

Key words: pink Davidia involucrata, anthocyanin, basal metabolite, enzyme activity

中图分类号:

Q945.79

梁玲, 江洁蓓, 张腾驹, 吕佳瑶, 陈小红. 不同色彩珙桐苞片与叶片的生理特性研究[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(4): 505-513.

LIANG Ling, JIANG Jie-Bei, ZHANG Teng-Ju, Lü Jia-Yao, CHEN Xiao-Hong. Physiological Characteristics of Davidia involucrata Bracts and Leaves with Different Colors[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(4): 505-513.

参考文献

[1] 姜卫兵,庄猛,韩浩章,等.彩叶植物呈色机理及光合特性研究进展[J].园艺学报,2005,32(2):352-358.Jiang W B,Zhuang M,Han H Z,et al.Progress on color emerging mechanism and photosynthetic characteristics of colored-leaf plants[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(2):352-358.
[2] 陈小红,韦莉,黄玉琼,等.鸳鸯茉莉花色变化过程中的生理生化特性研究[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(4):595-602.Chen X H,Wei L,Huang Y Q,et al.Study on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brunfelsia acuminata petals during flowering[J].Plant Science Journal,2018,36(4):595-602.
[3] 姜琳,杨暖,姜官恒,等.栎属4个树种秋冬叶色与生理变化的关系[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(19):13-18.Jiang L,Yang N,Jiang G H,et al.Relationship between leaf color in autumn and winter and physiological changes of four species of Quercus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(19):13-18.
[4] 王小菁,孟祥春,彭建宗.花色形成与花生长的调控[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(7):1105-1110.Wang X J,Meng X C,Peng J Z.Regulation of flower growth and pigmentation[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(7):1105-1110.
[5] 李玲,杜绍华,张超,等.4种花色仙客来色素及相关生理生化研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(2):25-29.Li L,Du S H,Zhang C,et al.A study on the pigment content and other related physiological and biochemical indices in four color Cyclamen cultivars[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2012,35(2):25-29.
[6] 张超,陈光,李彦慧.二乔玉兰开花过程中花色变化的生理生化机制[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(4):716-721.Zhang C,Chen G,Li Y H.Physiological and biochemical mechanism of flower color variation during flowering season in Yulania×soulangeana[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012,32(4):716-721.
[7] 卓启苗,丁彦芬,余慧,等.欧洲卫矛秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理机制[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(6):1072-1079.Zhuo Q M,Ding Y F,Yu H,et al.Physiological characters of Euonymus europaea leaves during the color-changing period in autumn and winter[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(6):1072-1079.
[8] 傅立国,金鉴明.中国植物红皮书:稀有濒危植物[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:474-475.Fu G L,Jin J M.China plant red data book:Rare and endangered plants volume[M].Beijing:The Science Press of China,1991:474-475.
[9] Sun J F,Ging Y B,Renner S S,et al.Multifunctional bracts in the Dove tree Davidia involucrata(Nyssaceae:Cornales):rain protection and pollinator attraction[J].American Naturalist,2008,171(1):119-124.
[10] 胥雯,曹福祥,李萌,等.珙桐苞片发育过程中内源激素的变化特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):103-109.Xu W,Cao F X,Li M,et al.Research on the changes of endogenous hormones in the development of Davidia involucrata bracts[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2017,37(11):103-109.
[11] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
[12] Lister C E,Lancaster J E,Walker J R L.Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) activity and its relationship to anthocyanin and flavonoid levels in New Zealand-grown apple cultivars[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1996,12(2):281-285.
[13] 葛雨萱,王亮生,周肖红,等.香山黄栌叶色和色素组成的相互关系及时空变化[J].林业科学,2011,47(4):38-42.Ge Y X,Wang L S,Zhou X H,et al.Correlation between the leaf color and pigments composition of Cotinus coggygria in Fragrant Hills Park and their temporal and spatial variation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(4):38-42.
[14] 贺窑青,马履一,桑子阳.红花玉兰花色形成的初步研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(11):2252-2257.He Y Q,Ma L Y,Sang Z Y.Preliminary study on formation of flower color in Magnolia wufengensis[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(11):2252-2257.
[15] 聂庆娟,史宝胜,孟朝,等.不同叶色红栌叶片中色素含量、酶活性及内含物差异的研究[J].植物研究,2008,23(5):599-602.Nie Q J,Shi S B,Meng Z,et al.The enzyme activities,pigment and inclusion contents in different leaves color of Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’ in autumn[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2008,23(5):599-602.
[16] Becker B,Holtgrefe S,Jung S,et al.Influence of the photoperiod on redox regulation and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana L.(Heynh.) plants under long-and short-day conditions[J].Planta,2006,224(2):380-393.
[17] 朱婷,章陆杨,许志敏,等.遮光及复光处理对紫叶狼尾草叶色及生理变化的影响[J].草地学报,2019,27(1):263-268.Zhu T,Zhang L Y,Xu Z M,et al.Effects of shading and regaining natural light treatment on leaf color and physiological changes of Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2019,27(1):263-268.
[18] 安田齐.花色之谜[M].张承志,佟丽,译.北京:中国林业出版社,1989:1-149.An T Q.The mystery of color[M].Zhang C Z,Tong L,trans.Beijing:The Forestry Press of China,1989:1-149.
[19] 赵云鹏,陈发棣,郭维明.观赏植物花色基因工程研究进展[J].植物学通报,2003,20(1):51-58.Zhao Y P,Chen F D,Guo W M.Advances in genetic engineering of flower color of ornamental plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2003,20(1):52-58.
[20] Tanaka Y,Sasaki N,Ohmiya A.Biosynthesis of plant pigments:anthocyanins,betalains and carotenoids[J].The Plant Journal,2010,54(4):733-749.
[21] 陈建,吕长平,陈晨甜,等.不同花色非洲菊品种花色素成分初步分析[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(S1):73-76.Chen J,Lü C P,Chen C T,et al.Components of flower pigments in the petals of different color Gerbera jamesonii[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences,2009,35(S1):73-76.
[22] 任玉锋,马永平,王文丽.金银花花色素的种类和含量的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(2):90-93.Ren Y F,Ma Y P,Wang W L.Study on the categories and contents of the flower color pigments of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(2):90-93.
[23] 程怡,张云婷,王清明,等.月季花发育过程中花色变化的生理生化研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(4):733-739.Cheng Y,Zhang Y T,Wang Q M,et al.Correlation analysis of flower color during flower development of Rosa hybrid[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(4):733-739.
[24] 李力,张盛楠,刘亚敏,等.基于Lab模型的北美红枫呈色生理因素探究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(9):87-94.Li L,Zhang S N,Liu Y M,et al.Lab model based analysis on physiological factors affecting color of Acer rubrum L.[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2017,45(9):87-94.
[25] 陈继卫,沈朝栋,贾玉芳,等.红枫秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理特性[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2010,36(2):181-186.Chen J W,Shen C D,Jia Y F,et al.Physiological changes of maple(Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’) leaves during the color-changing period in autumn and winter[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture & Life Sciences,2010,36(2):181-186.
[26] 崔珂婉,林梅,朴楠,等.元宝枫秋季转色期叶色变化与生理特性的关系[J].中国园艺文摘,2015,31(3):5-7.Cui K W,Lin M,Piao N,et al.The relationship between leaf color expression and physiological characteristics in autumn foliage during color change of Acer truncatum[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2015,31(3):5-7.
[27] 胡静静,沈向,李雪飞,等.黄连木秋季叶色变化与可溶性糖和矿质元素的关系[J].林业科学,2010,46(2):80-86.Hu J J,Shen X,Li X F,et al.Relationships of leaf color changes and soluble sugars and mineral elements in leaves of Pistacia chinensis in Autumn[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(2):80-86.
[28] 孟祥春,张玉进,王小菁.矮牵牛花瓣发育过程中花色素苷、还原糖及蛋白质含量的变化[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001(2):96-99.Meng X C,Zhang Y J,Wang X J.Content changes of anthocyanin,reducing sugar and solutable protein during the flower development of Petunia hybrid[J].Journal of South China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2001(2):96-99.
[29] 王翠平,严莉,乔改霞,等.脯氨酸通过活性氧信号抑制植物生长[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(9):1788-1794.Wang C P,Yan L,Qiao G X,et al.Proline inhibits plant growth by reactive oxygen species signaling[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2017,53(9):1788-1794.
[30] 陆海燕,刘志辉,吕光辉.镉污染下芦苇叶片丙二醛、脯氨酸及SOD保护酶反应研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(8):171-175.Lu H Y,Liu Z H,Lü G H.Reaction of MDA,Proline,and SOD under Cd stress in mixture of Phragmites australis's stems and leaves[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(8):171-175.
[31] 覃光球,严重玲,韦莉莉.秋茄幼苗叶片单宁、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量对Cd胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3366-3371.Qin G Q,Yan C L,Wei L L.Effect of cadmium stress on the contents of tannin,soluble sugar and proline in Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(10):3366-3371.
[32] 赵昶灵,郭维明,陈俊愉.植物花色形成及其调控机理[J].植物学通报,2005,22(1):70-81.Zhao C L,Guo W M,Chen J Y.Formation and regulation of flower color in higher plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(1):70-81.
[33] 王惠聪,黄旭明,胡桂兵,等.荔枝果皮花青苷合成与相关酶的关系研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(12):2028-2032.Wang H C,Huang X M,Hu G B,et al.Studies on the relationship between anthocyanin biosynthesis and related enzymes in litchi pericarp[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(12):2028-2032.
[34] Lister C E,Lancaster J E,Walker J R L.Developmental changes in enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis in the skins of red and green apple cultivars[J].Journal Science of Food Agriculture,1996,71(3):313-320.
[35] 邹琦.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:134.Zou Q.Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical tests[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004:134.
[36] 吴驭帆,于萍,祝遵凌.春季不同叶色鹅耳枥叶片生理生化特性的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(5):120-126,132.Wu Y F,Yu P,Zhu Z L.Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Carpinus turczaninowii leaves with different colors in spring[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2016,44(5):120-126,132.
[37] 曹盼盼,贾桂霞.两种变异类型沙地柏冬季叶色变化及其与抗氧化系统的关系[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(5):763-770.Cao P P,Jia G X.Changes of leaf color and relationship with antioxidant system in two types of Sabina vulgaris in winter[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2015,51(5):763-770.
[38] Harris J G,Harris M W.Plant identification terminology:an illustrated glossary[M].London:Spring Lake Publishing,2001.