喀斯特天坑内孔雀藓科植物垂直分布特征及其与环境因子关系的研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 喀斯特天坑是一种独特的负地貌，拥有巨大而封闭的空间，形成了适于植物生长发育的特殊生境。为了探索喀斯特天坑内孔雀藓科植物垂直分布特征及环境因子的影响，以贵州猴耳天坑为代表（坑口直径300 m，坑深280 m），通过野外调查、室内分析鉴定以及典范对应分析（Canonical Correspondence Analysis，CCA）等方法对该天坑内12个样点孔雀藓科植物的分布与主要环境因子的关系进行研究，并进行与其它样地的比较（喀斯特石漠化地带、天坑边缘地带），探讨其在垂直空间上的分布特征。结果表明：（1）共采集到天坑内孔雀藓科植物3属9种，占中国该科物种总数的47.37%，贵州该科物种总数的69.23%，其中黄边孔雀藓（Hypopterygiumflavo-limbatum C.Muell）较常见，分布于6个样点，出现频率为50%；（2）空气湿度、光照度、林冠郁闭度以及人为干扰度是影响贵州猴耳天坑内孔雀藓科植物分布的主要环境因子，其余环境因子影响程度依次为土壤含水量 > 土壤pH > 坡度 > 空气温度；（3）孔雀藓科植物物种丰富度：喀斯特天坑内 > 天坑边缘地带 > 喀斯特石漠化地带；（4）孔雀藓科植物在垂直分布格局上呈现以天坑底部为生物多样性的中心，由坑口至坑底种类分布逐渐增加，是喀斯特石漠化山区生物天然的避难所。

关键词: 喀斯特天坑, 孔雀藓科, 环境因子, 典范对应分析(CCA)

Abstract: The karst Tiankeng is an unique negative landform with a huge and enclosed space, which forms a special habitat suitable for bryophyte growth and development. In order to study the relationship between environmental factors and distribution of Hypopterygiaceae, and their vertical distribution characteristics in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng(diameter of 300 m, and depth of 280 m) in Guizhou Province, 12 sampling sites in the Tiankeng were investigated in our fieldwork, and laboratory analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) were used, and compared with the bryoflora of other sampling sites like karst rocky desertificated zone and Tiankeng marginal zone. The results showed that:(1)There were three genera and nine species of Hypopterygiaceae in the Tiankeng, accounting for 47.37% of the total species of this family in China, and accounting for 69.23% of the total species of this family in Guizhou, of which the Hypopterygiumflavo-limbatum C.Muell was more common species in six spots with a frequency of occurrence 50%; (2)Air humidity, light, canopy density, and human disturbance were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Hypopterygiaceae in the Monkey-Ear Tiankeng. The descending order in the influence of environmental factors was soil water content, soil pH, gradient, and air temperature; (3)The descending order in species richness of Hypopterygiaceae was karst Tiankeng,Tiankeng marginal zone,and desertification area; (4)In the vertical distribution pattern, the Hypopterygiaceae showed that the bottom of the Tiankengwas the center of biodiversity, and the distribution from the crater to the bottom was gradually increasing. It is a natural refuge for karst rocky desertification.

Key words: Karst Tiankeng, Hypopterygiaceae, Environmental factor, Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)

中图分类号:

Q949.35+2

吴金, 李承义, 李小芳, 张朝晖. 喀斯特天坑内孔雀藓科植物垂直分布特征及其与环境因子关系的研究[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(1): 45-53.

WU Jin, LI Cheng-Yi, LI Xiao-Fang, ZHANG Zhao-Hui. Vertical Distribution of Hypopterygiaceae and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Karst Tiankeng[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(1): 45-53.

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