圆齿野鸦椿种子发育过程中综合休眠特征的建立

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为从发育源头探究圆齿野鸦椿（Euscaphis konishii）种子综合休眠特性的形成机制，以结实盛期的植株为材料，系统分析了花后不同发育阶段种子的生长与发育进程，并测定了种子吸水率、硬实率、主要储藏物质及内源激素含量的动态变化。结果表明：（1）发育前期（花后30~60 d）种子体积迅速增长，中期（花后60~120 d）、后期（花后120~150 d）趋于稳定。花后90 d开始可观察到胚结构分化，种皮逐渐木质化，胚乳持续充实；花后120~150 d，种子外观和大小已基本稳定，但胚细胞结构仍较为致密。（2）在整个生长发育过程中，干物质含量持续增长，含水量持续下降；花后90 d硬实率开始快速升高，花后150 d达到50%以上。（3）可溶性糖含量在发育前期较高，花后90 d维持较低水平；可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪和淀粉在发育后期显著积累；α-和β-淀粉酶活性呈“降—升—降”的趋势，而过氧化物酶（POD）活性在花后90 d显著增强。（4）脱落酸（ABA）、油菜素甾醇（BR）和赤霉素（GA₃）含量整体呈“升—降—升—降”的双峰型变化趋势；生长素（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）含量在发育中期显著升高；茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）含量在花后30 d处于较高水平，IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA在花后90 d达到峰值，随后随ABA再次积累而下降。（5）主成分分析（PCA）显示，种子发育前期主要与含水量、可溶性糖含量和ABA含量相关，发育中后期主要与淀粉含量、粗脂肪含量、可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性及IAA含量相关。综上，圆齿野鸦椿种子在发育过程中，种皮结构致密化与硬实形成、碳氮储藏物质转变及激素平衡调控协同作用，促成其综合休眠特性的建立。

关键词: 圆齿野鸦椿, 种子发育, 休眠形成, 硬实性, 内源激素

Abstract:

To elucidate the establishment of combinational dormancy in Euscaphis konishii seeds from a developmental perspective， seeds collected from trees at the full fruiting stage were used to systematically examine seed growth and developmental progression at different post-anthesis stages. Dynamic changes in water uptake capacity， hardseededness， major storage reserves， and endogenous phytohormone contents were also analyzed. The results showed that：（1）During the early developmental stage（30-60 days after anthesis， DAA）， seed volume increased rapidly， whereas growth stabilized during the middle（60-120 DAA） and late stages（120-150 DAA）. Embryo structural differentiation became evident at 90 DAA， accompanied by gradual lignification of the seed coat and continued endosperm accumulation. At 120-150 DAA， seed size and external morphology were largely stabilized； however， embryo cells remained densely organized. （2）Throughout development， dry matter content increased steadily， while moisture content progressively declined. Hard seededness rose sharply after 90 DAA and exceeded 50% at 150 DAA. （3）Soluble sugar content was relatively high during early development but remained low after 90 DAA. In contrast， soluble protein， crude fat， and starch accumulated significantly during the later stages. Activities of α- and β-amylase exhibited a “decrease-increase-decrease” pattern， whereas peroxidase（POD） activity increased markedly after 90 DAA. （4） Abscisic acid（ABA）， brassinolide（BR）， and gibberellic acid（GA₃） displayed a biphasic pattern characterized by “increase-decrease-increase-decrease” during seed development. Auxin（IAA） and zeatin riboside（ZR） content increased significantly during the middle stage， and the ratios of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA peaked at 90 DAA then declining with the subsequent re-accumulation of ABA. （5）Principal component analysis（PCA） indicated that early seed development was primarily associated with moisture content， soluble sugar content， and ABA content， whereas the middle-to-late developmental stages were mainly correlated with starch content， crude fat content， soluble protein content， POD activity， and IAA content. Overall， hardseed formation， shifts in carbon and nitrogen storage reserves， and coordinated hormonal regulation collectively contributed to the establishment of combinational dormancy in E. konishii seeds during development.

Key words: Euscaphis konishii, seed development, dormancy establishment, hardseededness, endogenous phytohormones

中图分类号:

S714.7

易辉, 姚子于, 黄皓, 孙胜, 姜雪茹, 蔡军火, 涂淑萍. 圆齿野鸦椿种子发育过程中综合休眠特征的建立[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 471-480.

Hui YI, Ziyu YAO, Hao HUANG, Sheng SUN, Xueru JIANG, Junhuo CAI, Shuping TU. Establishment of Combinational Dormancy Traits during Seed Development of Euscaphis konishii Hayata[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 471-480.

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