植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 9-19.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.002
胡夏宇1,2, 刘玉萍1,2, 苏旭1,2,3(), 杨萍1,2, 王亚男1,2
收稿日期:
2022-03-10
出版日期:
2023-01-20
发布日期:
2022-12-23
通讯作者:
苏旭
E-mail:xusu8527972@126.com
作者简介:
胡夏宇(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事高山植物系统与进化研究。
基金资助:
Xiayu HU1,2, Yuping LIU1,2, Xu SU1,2,3(), Ping YANG1,2, Yanan WANG1,2
Received:
2022-03-10
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2022-12-23
Contact:
Xu SU
E-mail:xusu8527972@126.com
About author:
HU Xiayu(1997—),male,postgraduate student,engaged in system and evolution of alpine plants.
Supported by:
摘要:
为了探讨苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)不同居群的染色体核型特征及进化关系,采用染色体常规压片技术分析了分布于内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏等6个自然地理居群的核型特征和进化趋势。结果显示:苦豆子6个居群的染色体数目恒定,均为2n=2x=36;染色体类型有中部着丝粒(m)和近中部着丝粒(sm)2种,除甘肃武威的居群3含有sm型染色体外,其余居群的染色体均为m型;染色体平均臂比为1.19~1.37,长度比介于1.72~2.19,核型不对称系数处于54.30%~57.17%;核型类型有1A、3A和2B三种;苦豆子居群3的核型不对称系数最大,进化程度较高,居群19(内蒙古鄂尔多斯)的核型不对称系数最小,进化程度较低。聚类分析显示,苦豆子6个参试居群聚集成A和B两大分支,分支A又可分为C和D两亚支,其中居群5(甘肃武威)和居群13(内蒙古阿拉善盟)聚为C亚支,亲缘关系较近,居群3单独聚为D亚支,与C亚支两居群的亲缘关系相对较远;分支B又可分为E和F两亚支,居群19和居群43(内蒙古鄂尔多斯)聚为E亚支,亲缘关系较近,居群17(宁夏银川)单独聚为F亚支,与E亚支两居群的亲缘关系相对较远。本研究从居群水平上探讨了苦豆子的染色体数目、核型特征和进化趋势,为今后苦豆子系统进化和种质资源遗传多样性研究提供了细胞学证据。
中图分类号:
胡夏宇, 刘玉萍, 苏旭, 杨萍, 王亚男. 苦豆子不同居群染色体数目及核型分析[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(1): 9-19.
Xiayu HU, Yuping LIU, Xu SU, Ping YANG, Yanan WANG. Chromosome Number and Karyotype Analysis of Different Populations in Sophora alopecuroides (Fabaceae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 9-19.
表1
试验材料及来源
居群 Population | 采集地 Locality | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 海拔 Altitude /m | 采集编号 Voucher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P03 | 甘肃武威市 Wuwei,Gansu | 38°82′N | 103°56′E | 1 291 | SX-2019-003 |
P05 | 甘肃武威市 Wuwei,Gansu | 38°96′N | 103°81′E | 1 269 | SX-2019-005 |
P13 | 内蒙古阿拉善盟 Alxa,Inner Mongolia | 39°99′N | 103°83′E | 1 388 | SX-2019-013 |
P17 | 宁夏银川市 Yinchuan,Ningxia | 38°78′N | 106°72′E | 1 044 | SX-2019-017 |
P19 | 内蒙古鄂尔多斯市 Ordos,Inner Mongolia | 38°90′N | 107°41′E | 1 180 | SX-2019-019 |
P43 | 内蒙古鄂尔多斯市 Ordos,Inner Mongolia | 37°71′N | 108°47′E | 1 281 | SX-2019-043 |
表2
苦豆子不同居群染色体参数
居群 Population | 染色体序号 No. of chromosome | 相对长度 Relative length | 长短臂比 Arm ratio | 类型 Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
长臂+短臂=全长 Short+Long=Total length | 系数 Coefficient | ||||
P03 | 1 | 1.85+1.35=3.20 | 1.30(L) | 1.37 | m |
2 | 1.59+1.37=2.96 | 1.21(M2) | 1.16 | m | |
3 | 1.74+1.13=2.87 | 1.17(M2) | 1.55 | m | |
4 | 1.52+1.23=2.75 | 1.12(M2) | 1.24 | m | |
5 | 1.74+0.95=2.69 | 1.09(M2) | 1.83 | sm | |
6 | 1.49+1.12=2.61 | 1.06(M2) | 1.33 | m | |
7 | 1.41+1.16=2.57 | 1.04(M2) | 1.21 | m | |
8 | 1.49+1.05=2.54 | 1.03(M2) | 1.42 | m | |
9 | 1.44+1.05=2.49 | 1.01(M2) | 1.38 | m | |
10 | 1.38+1.08=2.46 | 1.00(M1) | 1.28 | m | |
11 | 1.31+1.05=2.36 | 0.96(M1) | 1.25 | m | |
12 | 1.27+1.06=2.32 | 0.94(M1) | 1.20 | m | |
13 | 1.39+0.85=2.24 | 0.91(M1) | 1.63 | m | |
14 | 1.30+0.89=2.19 | 0.89(M1) | 1.46 | m | |
15 | 1.20+0.93=2.13 | 0.87(M1) | 1.30 | m | |
16 | 1.08+0.95=2.03 | 0.83(M1) | 1.14 | m | |
17 | 1.05+0.89=1.94 | 0.79(M1) | 1.18 | m | |
18 | 1.04+0.83=1.87 | 0.76(M1) | 1.26 | m | |
P05 | 1 | 2.07+1.62=3.69 | 1.41(L) | 1.28 | m |
2 | 1.82+1.56=3.38 | 1.29(L) | 1.17 | m | |
3 | 1.87+1.38=3.25 | 1.24(M2) | 1.36 | m | |
4 | 1.72+1.36=3.07 | 1.17(M2) | 1.27 | m | |
5 | 1.66+1.28=2.94 | 1.12(M2) | 1.30 | m | |
6 | 1.51+1.33=2.84 | 1.08(M2) | 1.14 | m | |
7 | 1.50+1.28=2.77 | 1.06(M2) | 1.17 | m | |
8 | 1.44+1.21=2.65 | 1.01(M2) | 1.19 | m | |
9 | 1.48+1.12=2.60 | 0.99(M1) | 1.32 | m | |
10 | 1.34+1.21=2.55 | 0.97(M1) | 1.11 | m | |
11 | 1.40+1.08=2.48 | 0.95(M1) | 1.29 | m | |
12 | 1.32+1.09=2.41 | 0.92(M1) | 1.21 | m | |
13 | 1.31+0.99=2.30 | 0.88(M1) | 1.32 | m | |
14 | 1.35+0.89=2.24 | 0.86(M1) | 1.51 | m | |
15 | 1.22+0.97=2.19 | 0.83(M1) | 1.27 | m | |
16 | 1.19+0.89=2.09 | 0.80(M1) | 1.34 | m | |
17 | 1.12+0.83=1.95 | 0.74(S) | 1.34 | m | |
18 | 0.98+0.84=1.82 | 0.69(S) | 1.17 | m | |
P13 | 1 | 2.22+1.84=4.06 | 1.37(L) | 1.21 | m |
2 | 2.13+1.57=3.70 | 1.25(L) | 1.36 | m | |
3 | 1.98+1.61=3.59 | 1.21(M2) | 1.23 | m | |
4 | 1.92+1.54=3.45 | 1.17(M2) | 1.24 | m | |
5 | 1.96+1.39=3.07 | 1.13(M2) | 1.41 | m | |
6 | 1.82+1.46=3.27 | 1.11(M2) | 1.25 | m | |
7 | 1.73+1.42=3.15 | 1.06(M2) | 1.22 | m | |
8 | 1.68+1.39=3.07 | 1.04(M2) | 1.20 | m | |
9 | 1.73+1.29=3.02 | 1.02(M2) | 1.34 | m | |
10 | 1.65+1.28=2.94 | 0.99(M1) | 1.29 | m | |
11 | 1.61+1.26=2.87 | 0.97(M1) | 1.28 | m | |
12 | 1.61+1.16=2.77 | 0.94(M1) | 1.38 | m | |
13 | 1.46+1.20=2.66 | 0.90(M1) | 1.22 | m | |
14 | 1.36+1.20=2.56 | 0.86(M1) | 1.13 | m | |
15 | 1.38+1.08=2.45 | 0.83(M1) | 1.28 | m | |
16 | 1.26+1.06=2.31 | 0.78(M1) | 1.19 | m | |
17 | 1.17+0.97=2.14 | 0.72(S) | 1.21 | m | |
18 | 1.07+0.80=1.87 | 0.63(S) | 1.33 | m | |
P17 | 1 | 1.58+1.38=2.96 | 1.34(L) | 1.15 | m |
2 | 1.48+1.23=2.71 | 1.23(M2) | 1.20 | m | |
3 | 1.37+1.17=2.54 | 1.15(M2) | 1.18 | m | |
4 | 1.35+1.10=2.46 | 1.11(M2) | 1.22 | m | |
5 | 1.31+1.11=2.42 | 1.10(M2) | 1.18 | m | |
6 | 1.31+1.03=2.34 | 1.06(M2) | 1.26 | m | |
7 | 1.26+1.02=2.28 | 1.03(M2) | 1.24 | m | |
8 | 1.28+0.97=2.25 | 1.02(M2) | 1.32 | m | |
9 | 1.23+0.97=2.20 | 0.99(M1) | 1.27 | m | |
10 | 1.17+1.00=2.17 | 0.98(M1) | 1.17 | m | |
11 | 1.12+1.01=2.13 | 0.96(M1) | 1.10 | m | |
12 | 1.13+0.94=2.07 | 0.94(M1) | 1.21 | m | |
13 | 1.13+0.92=2.05 | 0.93(M1) | 1.23 | m | |
14 | 1.10+0.89=1.99 | 0.90(M1) | 1.24 | m | |
15 | 1.07+0.86=1.92 | 0.87(M1) | 1.25 | m | |
16 | 1.03+0.83=1.86 | 0.84(M1) | 1.25 | m | |
17 | 1.00+0.78=1.78 | 0.80(M1) | 1.27 | m | |
18 | 0.91+0.72=1.63 | 0.74(S) | 1.26 | m | |
P19 | 1 | 1.86+1.59=3.45 | 1.34(L) | 1.16 | m |
2 | 1.66+1.39=3.05 | 1.19(M2) | 1.19 | m | |
3 | 1.69+1.31=2.99 | 1.16(M2) | 1.29 | m | |
4 | 1.58+1.32=2.90 | 1.13(M2) | 1.20 | m | |
5 | 1.53+1.31=2.84 | 1.11(M2) | 1.17 | m | |
6 | 1.48+1.29=2.77 | 1.08(M2) | 1.15 | m | |
7 | 1.45+1.19=2.64 | 1.03(M2) | 1.22 | m | |
8 | 1.35+1.25=2.61 | 1.01(M2) | 1.08 | m | |
9 | 1.41+1.15=2.56 | 1.00(M1) | 1.23 | m | |
10 | 1.37+1.16=2.54 | 0.99(M1) | 1.18 | m | |
11 | 1.39+1.12=2.50 | 0.97(M1) | 1.24 | m | |
12 | 1.31+1.14=2.45 | 0.95(M1) | 1.15 | m | |
13 | 1.26+1.10=2.37 | 0.92(M1) | 1.15 | m | |
14 | 1.32+1.00=2.32 | 0.90(M1) | 1.32 | m | |
15 | 1.19+1.07=2.25 | 0.88(M1) | 1.12 | m | |
16 | 1.16+1.04=2.20 | 0.86(M1) | 1.12 | m | |
17 | 1.12+0.91=2.03 | 0.79(M1) | 1.22 | m | |
18 | 1.00+0.83=1.83 | 0.71(S) | 1.20 | m | |
P43 | 1 | 1.81+1.48=3.29 | 1.34(L) | 1.23 | m |
2 | 1.64+1.39=3.03 | 1.24(M2) | 1.18 | m | |
3 | 1.77+1.15=2.92 | 1.19(M2) | 1.54 | m | |
4 | 1.60+1.18=2.79 | 1.14(M2) | 1.36 | m | |
5 | 1.45+1.28=2.73 | 1.11(M2) | 1.13 | m | |
6 | 1.47+1.20=2.68 | 1.09(M2) | 1.23 | m | |
7 | 1.55+1.06=2.61 | 1.07(M2) | 1.46 | m | |
8 | 1.52+1.07=2.59 | 1.06(M2) | 1.42 | m | |
9 | 1.40+1.11=2.52 | 1.03(M2) | 1.26 | m | |
10 | 1.33+1.12=2.45 | 1.00(M1) | 1.19 | m | |
11 | 1.31+1.04=2.35 | 0.96(M1) | 1.26 | m | |
12 | 1.18+1.11=2.29 | 0.93(M1) | 1.07 | m | |
13 | 1.20+1.02=2.22 | 0.91(M1) | 1.18 | m | |
14 | 1.15+0.95=2.11 | 0.86(M1) | 1.21 | m | |
15 | 1.16+0.84=2.00 | 0.82(M1) | 1.38 | m | |
16 | 1.01+0.91=1.92 | 0.78(M1) | 1.11 | m | |
17 | 1.05+0.78=1.83 | 0.75(S) | 1.35 | m | |
18 | 0.94+0.77=1.71 | 0.70(S) | 1.22 | m |
表3
苦豆子不同居群核型比较
居群 Population | 核型公式 Karyotype formula | 长度比 Length ratio | 平均臂比 Average arm ratio | 臂>2的染色体比例 Chromosome proportion of arm ratio excess to 2 | 核型不对称系数 Karyotype asymmetry coefficient /% | 核型类型 Karyotype type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P03 | 2n=2x=36=35m+1sm | 1.72 | 1.37 | 0.67 | 57.17 | 3A |
P05 | 2n=2x=36=36m | 2.00 | 1.28 | 0.28 | 55.62 | 2B |
P13 | 2n=2x=36=36m | 2.19 | 1.28 | 0.03 | 55.84 | 2B |
P17 | 2n=2x=36=36m | 1.84 | 1.23 | 0 | 54.92 | 1A |
P19 | 2n=2x=36=36m | 1.94 | 1.19 | 0 | 54.30 | 1A |
P43 | 2n=2x=36=36m | 1.93 | 1.27 | 0 | 55.79 | 1A |
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