野生扇脉杓兰植株生长特性及大孢子超微结构的研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.06.006

植物研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 838-845.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.06.006

野生扇脉杓兰植株生长特性及大孢子超微结构的研究

闫晓娜^1,2, 田敏^1,3, 王彩霞¹, 张莹¹

1. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所, 富阳 311400;
2. 国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所, 哈尔滨 150086;
3. 浙江省林木育种技术研究重点实验室, 富阳 311400

收稿日期:2016-05-18 出版日期:2016-11-15 发布日期:2016-11-16
通讯作者: 田敏,E-mail:tmin115@163.com E-mail:tmin115@163.com
作者简介:闫晓娜(1989-),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事林木种子生物学研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“濒危植物扇脉杓兰的保护生物学研究”（31370553）

Plant Growth Characteristics and Ultrastructure of Megaspore of the Wild Cypripedium japonicum

YAN Xiao-Na^1,2, TIAN Min^1,3, WANG Cai-Xia¹, ZHANG Ying¹

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400;
2. Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery, the State Forestry Administration, Harbin 150086;
3. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Fuyang 311400

Received:2016-05-18 Online:2016-11-15 Published:2016-11-16
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China "Studies on conservation biology of endangered species Cypripedium japonicum Thunb"(31370553)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解扇脉杓兰的生长特性，本研究以浙江省西天目山国家级自然保护区内的两个野生居群为试材，对其休眠芽形态结构、植株生长过程和胚珠发育等特征进行定期观察。结果表明：扇脉杓兰一个生长周期包括萌芽期、开花展叶期、结实期和衰亡期4个阶段，历时1年，以分株繁殖为主，有性生殖能力差。扇脉杓兰每个基株分化一个休眠芽，当年10月露出地面。充分发育的休眠芽产生花芽，第二年4月形成花结构；未充分发育的个体不能产生花芽，无生殖器官发育。胚珠超微结构显示：孢原细胞核占据多半的细胞空间，细胞质和细胞器丰富。大孢子母细胞位于珠孔端，细胞质中液泡、线粒体和质体分布密集。在大孢子囊中，液泡所占空间变大，细胞核相对变小，细胞质分布稀疏，细胞器以线粒体和质体为主，在胚珠发育阶段蛋白质和多糖一直存在，淀粉染色逐渐加深，无脂质存在。

关键词: 扇脉杓兰, 芽发育, 生长周期, 大孢子超微结构

Abstract: We used two wild populations of Cypripedium japonicum from West Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province to study the growth characteristics of C.japonicum. The dormant bud morphology, plant growth process and ovule development were observed regularly. The growth cycle of C.japonicum comprised budding, flowering and leaf stage, fruiting and decline stage, which lasted for one year. The division propagation was the main reproductive pattern, and the sexual reproduction was poor. Each plant of C.japonicum produced a dormant bud which grew above the ground within the first year of October. Dormant buds that developed fully would flower within the second year of April. While, dormant buds which could not develop well only produced fan-shaped leaves in the second year, and there were no floral organs. Ultrastructure of ovules showed that the archesporial cell's nucleus occupied most of the space, with dense cytoplasm and organelles. Megasporocyte located at the micropyle end, and the vacuoles, mitochondria and plastids densely distributed. In megasporangium, vacuole occupied a large space, and the nucleus was relatively small, with sparse cytoplasm and organelles. Mitochondria and plastids were visible. During the ovule developmental stage, protein and polysaccharide existed all the way. The staining of starch gradually deepened, without the presence of lipids.

Key words: Cypripedium japonicum, bud development, growth cycle, ultrastructure of megaspore

中图分类号:

S682.31

闫晓娜, 田敏, 王彩霞, 张莹. 野生扇脉杓兰植株生长特性及大孢子超微结构的研究[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(6): 838-845.

YAN Xiao-Na, TIAN Min, WANG Cai-Xia, ZHANG Ying. Plant Growth Characteristics and Ultrastructure of Megaspore of the Wild Cypripedium japonicum[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(6): 838-845.

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野生扇脉杓兰植株生长特性及大孢子超微结构的研究

Plant Growth Characteristics and Ultrastructure of Megaspore of the Wild Cypripedium japonicum

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