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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 310-323.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.02.010

• 研究论文column:Original Paper • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆短生植物区系和生活史策略分异

张凯1, 杨晓东2, 米尔卡米力⋅麦麦提1, 张月娟1, 艾沙江⋅阿不都沙拉木1()   

  1. 1.喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,喀什 844000
    2.宁波大学土木工程与地理环境学院,宁波 315211
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 艾沙江?阿不都沙拉木 E-mail:aysajanxj@sina.com
  • 作者简介:张凯(1986—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事植物生态学、植物地理学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32460261);喀什大学高层次人才科研启动经费项目(GCC2020ZK-002);喀什大学校级科研项目(重点项目(2025)2949);新疆维吾尔自治区天池计划“百名青年博士引进计划”项目

Divergence in Floristics and Life-history Strategies of Ephemeral Plants in Xinjiang

Kai ZHANG1, Xiaodong YANG2, Mierkamili MAIMAITI1, Yuejuan ZHANG1, Aysajan ABDUSALAM1()   

  1. 1.College of Life and Geographic Sciences,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang,Kashi University,Kashi 844000
    2.School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211
  • Received:2025-12-16 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Aysajan ABDUSALAM E-mail:aysajanxj@sina.com

摘要:

短生植物是由干热植物区系衍生而来、生长在平坦荒漠地带的特殊类群,在我国主要分布于新疆北部地区,而新疆南部总体分布现状尚不清楚,且高山环境中是否存在短生植物当前未知。本研究通过实地调查并结合资料收集,分析新疆北部、南部(含中国境内的帕米尔高原)短生植物的种类组成、地理成分、生活型类型,探讨其起源与生活史策略分化。结果表明:(1)新疆南部短生植物共计18科,42属,51种;中国境内的帕米尔高原有短生植物16科,31属,36种,成为“微避难所”。(2)新疆短生植物寡种科、单种科、寡种属、单种属的比例高,十字花科(Brassicaceae)是优势类群。(3)新疆短生植物以温带成分为主,1年生和多年生生活型比例高,高山环境1年生植物比例上升,凸显了生态保守性对短生植物进化的约束作用。综上,新疆南北短生植物在科属组成、地理成分和生活型谱上高度趋同,中国境内的帕米尔高原是短生植物的“微避难所”,短生植物的生态保守性使其面临较大的进化压力。

关键词: 短生长期, 种类组成, 地理成分, 生活型, 生活史策略

Abstract:

Ephemeral plants are a specialized group derived from arid flora and grow in flat desert regions. In China, they are primarily distributed in northern Xinjiang, while the overall distribution status in southern Xinjiang remains unclear. Moreover, it is currently unknown whether ephemeral plants exist in alpine environment. Combined the field surveys with literature review, the species composition and geographical elements and life-form types of ephemeral plants in northern Xinjiang, southern Xinjiang (including the Pamir Plateau within China) were analyzed respectively, and their origins and life-history strategy differentiation were explored. The results showed that: (1)There were 18 families, 42 genera and 51 species ephemeral plants in southern Xinjiang; the Pamir Plateau within China had 16 families, 31 genera and 36 species ephemeral plants, which served as a “micro-refugium”. (2)The proportion of oligotypic families, monotypic families, oligotypic genera and monotypic genera in Xinjiang was high, and Brassicaceae was the dominant family. (3)The ephemeral plants in Xinjiang were predominantly temperate ones, with a high proportion of annual and perennial life forms. The proportion of annual plants in alpine environments increased, which highlighted the constraining effect of ecological conservation on the evolution of ephemeral plants. In summary, the ephemeral flora of northern and southern Xinjiang showed significant convergence in terms of family and genus composition, geographical elements and life-form spectrum, the Pamir Plateau within China served as a “micro-refugium” for ephemeral plants, and their ecological conservation subjected them to considerable evolutionary pressure.

Key words: short growth period, species composition, geographical elements, life form, life-history strategy

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