小兴安岭不同演替阶段森林地上凋落物碳密度及碳氮磷计量特征

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物为森林生态系统活跃碳（C）库，其C储量变化直接影响森林生态系统C汇能力。为明确阔叶红松（Pinus koraiensis）林凋落物C储量及其化学计量特征，并说明凋落物生态化学计量特征对其C储量的影响，揭示凋落物在生态系统C汇能力及养分循环中的作用，以阔叶红松林中生演替过程中不同演替阶段的4种森林类型（天然枫桦（Betula costata）次生林、次生阔叶林、次生针阔混交林、原始阔叶红松林）为研究对象，分析2021年7月和10月及2022年5月和8月各层（未分解层、半分解层、完全分解层）凋落物的现存量、C储量及C、氮（N）、磷（P）化学计量特征，利用冗余分析评估凋落物化学计量特征及上层植被群落特征（乔木生物量、乔木多样性、针阔比例）对凋落物C储量的相对贡献，利用线性回归分析量化凋落物化学计量特征对C储量的影响。结果表明：森林群落沿正向演替，凋落物总C储量表现出“先减小后增大”的变化趋势，且在原始阔叶红松林（顶极群落）达到最大值。顶极群落中凋落物表现出高C低P的特点，并且C∶N（质量比）与C∶P（质量比）最高。冗余分析表明，在衡量上层植被变化指标中，针阔比例是解释凋落物C储量变化的主要因子，且与凋落物C储量呈正相关。线性回归分析表明，凋落物C储量与C∶N、C∶P呈显著正相关，与N∶P（质量比）呈显著负相关，C∶N、N∶P对C储量的解释率最高，R²均为0.17。该研究表明，顶极群落凋落物C储量高于其余3种群落，这与顶极群落凋落物高C低P特征及乔木层具有较高的针阔树种比例密切相关。

关键词: 碳储量, 化学计量特征, 阔叶红松林, 凋落物, 演替

Abstract:

Litter is an active carbon pool in forest ecosystems， and the change of litter carbon storage directly affects the carbon sink capacity of forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic characteristics of litter carbon storage and stoichiometric characteristics of four forest types（natural Betula costata secondary forest， secondary broad-leaved forests， secondary coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest and original broad-leaved Korean pine forest） in different succession stages of mesophytic secondary succession of broad-leaved Korean pine forest. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of ecological stoichiometric characteristics of litter on its carbon storage， revealing the role of litter in ecosystem carbon sink capacity and nutrient cycling. Four forest plant communities with different succession stages in broad-leaved Korean pine forest were selected as the research objects. The standing mass， carbon storage and stoichiometric characteristics of each layer（fresh litter layer， fermentative layer， humus layer） in July and October， 2021， and May and August， 2022 were analyzed. Redundancy analysis was used to rank the effects of litter stoichiometric characteristics and upper vegetation community characteristics on litter carbon storage. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the direct effects of litter stoichiometric characteristics on carbon storage. The main results were as follows： The total carbon storage of litter showed a trend of “decrease-increase” with the positive succession， predominantly reaching its maximum in the original broad-leaved Korean pine forest（climax community）. The litter of the climax community showed the characteristics of high C content and low P content， and the C∶N and C∶P were the highest. Redundancy analysis revealed that the conifer-to-broadleaf tree species ratio was the key factor explaining litter carbon storage variation in upper vegetation indicators， showing a positive correlation with litter carbon storage. Linear regression analysis showed that litter carbon storage was positively correlated with C∶N and C∶P， and negatively correlated with N∶P. C∶N and N∶P had the highest explanatory power for carbon storage， with R² of 0.17. This study indicated that the litter carbon storage of the climax community was higher than that of the other three communities， which was closely related to the characteristics of high C content and low P content in the litter and the high conifer-to-broadleaf tree species ratio in the climax community.

Key words: carbon storage, stoichiometric characteristics, broad leaved Korean pine forest, litter, succession

中图分类号:

S718.5

段文标, 王郅臻, 高嘉怡, 陈立新, 付琰芮. 小兴安岭不同演替阶段森林地上凋落物碳密度及碳氮磷计量特征[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(5): 769-782.

Wenbiao DUAN, Zhizhen WANG, Jiayi GAO, Lixin CHEN, Yanrui FU. Carbon Density and C, N, P Stoichiometric Characteristics of Forest Litter in Different Succession Stages in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 769-782.

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森林群落 Forest community	林分类型 Forest type	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Slope direction	坡度 Slope degree/（°）	海拔 Elevation /m	郁闭度 Crown density	树种组成 Tree species composition	林龄 Stand age/a	平均树高 Mean canopy height/m	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height /cm
先锋群落 Pioneer community（PC）	天然枫桦次生林	上	西	20	520	0.95	3枫2杨2山1红1黄+色+ 白+稠+落+钻-核-花-糠	39	7.63	9.24
		中	西	13	498	0.95			8.46	9.32
		下	西	15	484	0.95			7.34	9.81
中期群落 Middle community（MC）	次生阔叶林	上	北	16	535	0.85	6枫1红1白+青+色+ 紫-冷-核-云-花	69	10.19	14.14
		中	西北	15	493	0.80			10.03	14.99
		下	西北	16	454	0.85			12.97	15.24
稳定群落 Stable community（SC）	次生针阔混交林	上	西北	13	373	0.85	4红2枫1紫1榆1色+ 水+冷-白-青	125	8.08	16.88
		中	西	12	361	0.80			8.78	17.69
		下	西	13	356	0.90			10.39	21.05
顶极群落 Climax community（CC）	原始阔叶红松林	上	西北	24	476	0.85	7红1冷1枫+色+ 紫-花-青	230	10.07	25.04
		中	北	23	473	0.85			10.65	28.43
		下	北	24	471	0.80			14.60	29.82