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    15 March 2003, Volume 23 Issue 1
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    NEW TAXA FROM YUNNAN PROVINCE
    DONG Xiao-Dong, LI Ji-Hong, SU Hong-Yan
    2003, 23(1):  1-3. 
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    New species from Yunnan Province was reported.
    A NEW FORMA OF POPULUS LINN. FROM NORTHEAST CHINA
    ZHANG Xue-Song, YUAN Xiao-Ying, JIANG Hai-Yan
    2003, 23(1):  4-5. 
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    A new forma of Populus Linn. from northeast China is given, i. e.Populus davidiana Dode f. foliotardus X. S. Zhang et H. Y. Jiang
    NEW RECORDS OF ACROCHAETIACEAE FROM CHINA
    LUAN Ri-Xiao, ZHANG Shu-Mei, CHU Zhi-Guang
    2003, 23(1):  6-10. 
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    This paper is continued 4 species of the Acrochaetiaceae new to China i.e.(1) Audouinella howei;(2) A. humilis;(3) A. macula; (4) A.tenuissima.
    NOTES ON THREE SPECIES OF LINGNANIA FROM HAINAN ISLAND
    FU Guo-Ai
    2003, 23(1):  11-13. 
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    According below reasons:1. difference of bamboo name; 2. difference of habitat; 3. differ of morphology characteristic. Auctor consider three bamboo should be separated, and so on Lingnania fimbriligulata McClure; Lingnania remotiflora (O Kuntze) McClure; Lingnania longianthera G.A. Fu.
    RESEARCH ON THE ENDEMIC GENERA OF PLANTS IN WEST-NORTH DESERT REGION OF CHINA
    ZHAO Yi-Zhi
    2003, 23(1):  14-17. 
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    The four endemic genera-Synstemon, Tetraena, Stilpnolepis, Zollikoferia of West-North Desert Region of China are confirmed in the paper. The distributional center of the four endemic genera of West-North Desert Region of China is in Alashan.
    A BRYOFLORA ANALYSIS OF XIAOTIANCHI, LINCHENG COUNTRY
    TANG Wei-Bin, LI Rui-Guo
    2003, 23(1):  18-23. 
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    Xiaotianchi of Lincheng Country, located at 37°30'N, 114°08'E, in the middle area of Taihang Mountains. The preliminary results show that there are 156 species of mosses, including 11 varieties and 1 form and 1 subspecies, blonging to 27 families and 71 genera known from Xiaotianchi. The number of the families consisting of more than 10 species is 6 and the number of the genera consisting of more than 5 species is 6. The families consisting are Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Hypnaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Amblystegiaceae and Mniaceae. The genera consisting are Bryum, Brachythecium, Entodon, Hypnum, Barbula and Drepanocladus.The bryoflora in Xiaotianchi of Lincheng Country falls into 9 geographical elements. North temperate element made up the majority, approximating to 59.44% of the entirely known bryoflora in Xiaotianchi, and next comes East Asian element, accounting for 15.39%. All temperate elements, not including 11 Endemic to China and 13 Cosmopolitans, add up to 130 species, which take 83.33% of all the entirely known bryoflora in Xiaotianchi. However, there are only 2 Pantropical elements. To all appearances, the mossflora of Xiaotianchi is provided with obvious temperate characters.
    A FLORISTIC STUDY ON SEED PLANTS IN NINGXIA
    LI Deng-Wu, WANG Cheng-Ji, DU Yong-Feng, SHI Ying, BAO Ju-Hai
    2003, 23(1):  24-31. 
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    There are 1415 species (including infraspecific taxon) of the seed plants belonging to 101families and 493 genera (exclude cultivated plants) in Ningxia municpality. Among them, there are 11 species belonging to 11 genera and 3 families are of gymnosperm and 1404 species belonging to 486 genera and 98 families are of angiosperm. In addition, there are 12 Chinese endemic genera and 21 Ningxia endemic species. Based on the analysis of compositions and the geographical elements and characteristics of the flora, the paper has discussed the major characteristics of the flora as follows:Species are comparatively poor; the geographical elements of the flora are comparatively complex, and the genera of temperate are the dominant areal types, among them, north temperate play the part of an important role in the flora; the flora is ancient origin, but has also younger elements; the flora has widely relate to other area, and the flora is the crisscrossing and assembling of diversified geographical elements, or the crisscrossing and assembling, mixing and transition of North China, Neimenggu and Tanggute three floristic elements; the Ningxia endemic taxa and rare and endangered seed plants are comparatively low.
    EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES OF METASEQUDIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES HU ET CHENG(TAXODIACEAE)
    MA Qing-Wen, ZHANG Jin-Bao
    2003, 23(1):  32-35. 
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    Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng from Beijing, Shanghai and Liaocheng (Shandong Province) were studied. Epidermal cells are identical between upper and lower surface of leaves. Epidermal cell walls are straight-vavy-straight from tip to base of leaves, but area possessing straight cell walls is account to very small part compare with the whole epidermis. Stomata amounts and distributions are obviously different between upper and lower surface of leaves. Stomata distributed in both lower and upper surface on some leaves. In upper surface of leaves, only 1~100 stomata locate on tip or base and stomata area account very small part compare with whole upper surface of leaves. Sometimes, no any stoma locates on upper surface. Stomata amounts and distribution are nearly invariable on lower surface of all obtained leaves, stomata arranged to 3~8 rows and located on each side of mid-vein from tip to base of lower epidermis. Relationships were not found among diversity of stomatal distribution in upper surface of leaves, leaves from different location and from different sites of the one tree in M. glyptostroboides. Epidermal structures of M. glyptostroboides will offer reference of epidermal structures in distinguishing fossil specimen of Taxodiaceae and provide stomatal frequency and index for analyzing CO2 consistence of atmosphere.
    MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF VACUOLES ISOLATED AND PURIFIED FROM TOBACCO LEAVES
    LU Yun-Xia, WANG Yan-Zhi
    2003, 23(1):  36-38. 
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    Observing vacuoles isolated and purified from tabacco leaves under optic and electronic microscopes, we obtained photographs of protoplasts, process of vacuoles released from protoplasts and vacuoles after purification. The results show that the method we used could obtain complete protoplasts and vacuoles, and the central vacuole is the largest organelle in one mature plant cell.
    STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF HYLOTELEPHIUM H. OHBAIN CHINA
    ZHANG Ji-Min, HE Xue-Li, CHEN Yan-Sheng
    2003, 23(1):  39-41. 
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    The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 15 species and 1 variety of the genus Hylotelephium from China. The pollen grains were all examined under scanning electron microscope.Pollen grains of the genus are subspheroidal or prolate, 15.2(11.8~24.5)×11.0(7.9~15.5) μm in size, 3-colpate. The exine is striato-reticulate.
    STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCHEGONIUM AND ANTHERIDIUM OF THE FERN OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA
    CAO Jian-Guo, BAO Wen-Mei, DAI Shao-Jun
    2003, 23(1):  42-45. 
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    In present paper, the morphology and development of the archegonium and antheridium of the fern Osmunda cinnamomea L.var. asiatica Fernald was observed by means of Scanning Electron microscope(SEM) and resin section. The archegonium formed in the undersurface of the female gametophyte consists of 4 row wall cells and 6~7 cells high in the neck. The inner of the archegonium includes the neck canal cell, the venter canal cell and the egg. The amyloplast and vesicle in the egg are prominent in all stages. The egg forms egg membrane and separate cavity when it matures. The antheridium formed on the margin and the lower surface of the male gametophyte consists of 7~8 wall cell. The inner of the antheridium is spermatogenouse tissue. As the spermatid mature the cap cell dehisces and the spermatozoids are discharged through the cap cell.
    THE ANATOMIC OBSERVATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE FLOWER MEGASPOREGENSIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO OF BETULA PLATYHYLLA
    JIANG Jing, LI Tong-Hua, CHUANG Zhen-Dong, YANG Chuan-Ping
    2003, 23(1):  46-50. 
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    The development of female flower of Betula platyhylla and the processes of maturity of female organ should be undergoing approximately one month. Anatomic observation suggests as follows. In late April, primitive pistil began to undergo cell division and cell differentiation after dormancy. Ovary and stigma was growing at that time. Floral bloom and pollination happened respectively in the end of April and the beginning of May. After that and nucellus tissue ovules grew and differentiated integument from ovule in the middle May. Betula platyhylla has single integument, crassinucellate ovules which were anatropous. In the late of May, megasporocyte came into being and turn into embryo sac that has seven cells and eight nucleus in a week or so. Fertilization process finished in the end of May. Betula platyhylla embryo became mature after the process of zygote, proembryo, globular embryo, heart stage embryo and torpedo stage embryo. Meanwhile fertilized polar nucleus went into mitosis in Nuclear type. Endosperm increased and grew walls until heart stage embryo formed.
    FERTILE PLANT REGENERATION FROM TISSUE CULTURE IN ALLIUM MONGOLICUM REGEL
    CHEN Gang, JIA Jing-Fen, HAO Jian-Guo
    2003, 23(1):  51-54. 
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    A highly efficient regeneration system of Allium mongolicum Regel was established from leaf base segments via tissue culture. MS medium supplemented with 2 mgL-1 2, 4-D and 0.2 mgL-1 KT was suitable for callus induction. The shoots differentiated on MS medium added with 2 mgL-1 6BA and 0.4 mgL-1 NAA. The half strength MS medium containing 1 mgL-1 IBA was more effective for the inducing roots. The regenerated plantlets were transplanted to the soil, and over 95% of them were survival. At the second year after transplanting, the plantlets flowered and set seeds.
    VARIATION PATTERNS ON INNER SPECIES OF CISTANCHE DESERTICOLA
    CAO Rui, LIU Hong-Li, MA Hong, LI Tian-Ran, MA Yu-Quan
    2003, 23(1):  55-60. 
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    Cistanche deserticola is belonged to Cistanche Hoffing. et Link that belongs to Orobanchaceae is regarded as Chinese Medicine. It's a kind of tonic and respected to "Ginseng in desert". Now we study it by comparative morphoaanatory to identify its mutation of nutrition organ and reproduce organ. We know several types of Cistanche deserticola Ma that come from different types.
    STUDY ON THE GERMINATION OF LILIUM CALLOSUM
    SHUN Xiao-Yu, YANG Li-Ping, JIANG Hao-Ye, YANG Qing-Je
    2003, 23(1):  61-65. 
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    The effect of light and temperature on seed germination of Lilium callosum was studied in the paper. The results showed that temperature in the dark environment had influence to seed germination of Lilium callosum which had been cultivated for 4 years and its optimum temperature to seed germination was 25℃. Germination began 4~5 days and ceased 1~2 weeks after the initiation of the experiment. The percentage of seeds germination was decreased with increase of decrease of temperature. But the exception was 5℃ when the rate of the seed germination had been greatly improved and seed couldn't germinated at 35℃. Seed germination of different fruit in the same infructescence varied with the fruit's location in the infructescence. Seed germination of the lowest fruit is superior to the middle fruits, then the upset. The result also revealed that seed germination was also influenced by the seed location in the fruit, in which seed in the middle was superior to the lowest and then the upset. Seed germination had positive correlation to the weight of a thousand seeds. Under the same experiment environment, seed germination of wild Lilium callosum kept up with that of cultivated Lilium callosum while the germination duration was also longer than cultivated Lilium callosum for about 14 days. At last, seed germination of Lilium callosum which had been stored indoor for 1 year didn't decrease.
    STUDIES ON PURE CULTURE OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH PINUS YUNNANENSIS
    YU Fu-Qiang, JI Da-Gan, LIU Pei-Gui
    2003, 23(1):  66-71. 
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    Several surveys were carried out under Pinus yunnanensis Franch forest in Central Yunnan; the total collections are over 130. 33 species, belonging to 19 genera, 13 families were selected to supply a diversity of pure cultures. 4 types of media were selected for the pure culture study of ectomycorrhizal fungi. As a result, pure cultures of 25 species, 17 genera, and 11 families were obtained. The total isolation success rate reached 75.8%; the success rate of 4 media (No.1, No2, No.3, No.4) was 36.4%, 63.6%, 33.3% and 57.6% respectively. Modified PDA medium (No.2) and pine needles medium (No.4) are more suitable for the isolation, purification and maintenance of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with P. yunnanensis.
    DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND ITS POLYSCCHARIDES ON ELICITING DISEASE RESPONSES OF TAXUS CHINENESIS LEAVES
    LI Mo-Yi, YU Long-Jiang, CHENG Chao, LAN Wen-Zhi
    2003, 23(1):  72-76. 
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    A fungus Aspergillus niger strain isolated from the inner bark of Taxus chinensis and its hydrolyzed product polysaccharides were used to treat Taxus chinensis leaves. Both treatments decreased the dry weight and chlorophyll content of the leaves meanwhile increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the control, and fungi led to more distinguishable outcome than polysaccharides did, indicating that both fungus and fungal polysaccharides destroyed leaves while the latter had less damaging effects. Furthermore, Polysaccharides could notably increase content of protein and phenolics, evoke activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, whereas the fungus had the contrary effects. Thus, it demonstrated that polysaccharides have inducing effects on defense reaction of Taxus chinensis while the fungus strain itself does not.
    SELF-IMMOBILIZED AGGREAGE CULTURE OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. FOR IMPROVED ARTEMISININ
    HU Feng-Qing, CHEN Chang-Lan, WANG Guan-Lin
    2003, 23(1):  77-80. 
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    Malaria is a kind of serious pandemic which is caused by plasmodia through mosquito's sting and bite. At present, drugs of curing malaria are:chloroquine, ethylamine pyrimidine et al, but the most serious question is anti-drug character of plasmodia on those drugs, particular to chloroquine. Furthermore, the anti-chloroquine plasmodia strain have cross-anti character in clinical. Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. has evidently anti-malaria activity and become the best drug in clinical. At present, the key question is that how to acquire artemisinin. For this reason we utilize self-immobilized aggregate culture of Artemisia annua L. to produce Artemisinin, and primarily studied character of self-immobilized culture of Artemisia annua L. cell. Through determining, it find that this method can acquire 9-times quantity artemisinin more than normal method. Therefore this method may be possible became the best method of artemisinin produce.
    A STUTY ON THE ADAPTABILITY OF POD OF SPIRULINA (ARTHROSPITA) TO TEMPERATURE AND pH
    LI Shu-Yuan, QIAO Chen, HU Rui-Ping, LIU Yan
    2003, 23(1):  81-85. 
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    Effects of temperature and pH on activity of POD of endemic Spirulina platensis(S1) from alkaline lake in Mo Us Sandy Land, imported S. platensis (S2) and S. maxima (S3) were investigated by means of guaiacol colorimetry. The results showed that the activity of POD of S1, S2 and S3 are respectively 480 U/g. FW、447 U/g. FW和408 U/g. FW (25℃ and pH 6);Optimum temperature are 30℃、40℃和40℃;Their optimum pH are 6.0 in common. The adaptability range of POD of S1 to pH is wide, and higher than that of the imported one under both low and high temperature and both strong acid and base.
    EFFECTS OF CULTURE ENVIRONMENT ON CALLUS GROWTH AND DL-TETRAHYDRO-PALMATINE CONTENT IN CULTURES OF CORYDALIS REMOTA
    ZHANG Dong-Xiang
    2003, 23(1):  86-90. 
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    The effects of culture environment on callus growth and content of dl-tetrahydro-palmatine (THP) in the cultures from stem tubers of Corydalis remota were discussed. The results showed that 2, 4-D was better for growth of callus cells than NAA. The dry weight of the callus and level of THP were promoted when 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1 mg/L BA were added to the medium. Sucrose increased the fresh weight of callus, and the combination of sucrose and galactose promoted the increase of callus dry weight and raise of THP level, significantly. Either casein hydrolysate (CH) or lactolbumin hydrolysate (LH) was favored to the growth of callus and raise of THP level, and there was highest level of THP in the group treated with 450 mg/L LH. Light enhanced the growth of callus and raise the level of THP.
    ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL CONTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM PRUNUS PADUS LINN.
    ZHAO Qiu-Yan
    2003, 23(1):  91-93. 
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    The Chemical constituents of essential oil of Prunus padus Linn were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.three peaks were separated by GC and three compounds were indantified.The majoy chemical constituent is benzaldehyde(88.4%).
    THE IMPROVEMENT ON DIAMINE SILVER STAIN METHODS OF PROTEINS TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS
    ZHU Hong, WANG Bai-Chen, ZHANG Shuai, WANG Tong-Chang
    2003, 23(1):  94-97. 
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    Some detective methods of proteins through two-dimensional electrophoresis are discussed in this paper. We compare two silver stain methods (diamine and non-dianime silver stain) used in our lab before. And the diamine silver stain method improved by us has the following strengthens:(1) the background is clearer;(2) sensitivity is stronger largely, and the minimal quantity detected is up to 10fg, which can separate the proteins expressed very little and detect clearly the proteins that other methods cannot detect.
    MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES OF FOREST REGION IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AND THEIR DISTRICTING
    DUAN Xi-Hua, MAO Zi-Jun
    2003, 23(1):  98-102. 
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    The forest area in Heilongjiang Province is 1, 5771 million hm2, and is 36.8% of the total area of Heilongjiang Province, and 12.5% of the total forest area of China. There is rich medicinal plant resource in the forest. The investigation showed that the number of medicinal plant species is 724, belonging to 110 families, 410 genus, and of the commodity medicinal plant species is 352, belonging to 91 families and 250 genus. The medicinal plant resource is divided into two regions based on endemic segregation regular pattern in the forest region of the province. At present the medicinal plant resource reduced seriously because of over digging and over grazing and the environmental degradation in the forest. Now the number of indangered species of medicinal plant is 8, and 19 species is nearly danger. In order to protect medicinal plant resource 11national and 21 provincial conservation districts were set. At the same time, the plantations of medicinal plants, such as Panax ginseng, Getiana scabra, Astragalus membranaceus, Panax quinquefolium, Acanthopanax senticosus, Schisandra chinensis and so on were built. The development strategies about medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province is to protect the rare and imminent species, to breed them with advanced bio-techniques, to improve the pharmaceutical technology, and to exploit high-quality products from medicinal plants.
    AN EVALUATION TO RESOURCES STORIES OF DIOSCOREA ZINGIBERENSIS C.H. WRIGH IN CHINA
    YUAN Xiao-Ying, ZU Yuan-Gang, YU Jing-Hua
    2003, 23(1):  103-105. 
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    The author invested and studied on Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wrigh about its resources amount stories and geological distribution in China in order to protect this species for it is dangerous. Distribution region which includes two parts is defined by author. Not only the distribution area figure is given but also resources stories in the first distribution area is exactly estimated. The conclusions are:on the whole, an average amount is 44.053 g/m2, There could be 7.147g error in such an evaluation, relative error is 0.162, this estimate precision is 0.838, reliable is 0.95.
    BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATIONAL SECONDARY PROTECTION SPECIES-POTANINIA MONGOLICA MAXIM
    MA Quan-Lin, WANG Ji-He, JIN Hong-Xi, WU Chun-Rong, ZHANG Dun-Ming
    2003, 23(1):  106-111. 
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    Potaninia mongolica Maxim is one of ancient and survivor species, belonging to single-species Potaninia genus of Rosace family. It has been classified as the national secondary protection species in 1980's. For a long time past, because of nature environment worsen and man-made damage, its distributive zone that is very narrow and small becomes smaller day by day, the number of the species reduce rapidly and its endangered degree becomes more serious. For this, it is very important to study on biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim. By analyzing and summarizing materials investigated and researched for several years, the biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim were researched on its morphological characteristics, community quantitative characteristics, ecological adaptability and propagation characteristics. Under good condition, the variety of modality is large. In all of ecological factors, Potaninia mongolica Maxim is most susceptibility and dependence to soil moisture, strict to the soil texture, not strict to the soil organic and nutrient, has special requirement for the soil salt content and pH. So Potaninia mongolica Maxim endures infertility, endures high temperature and cold, adapts to drought, and likes partial alkaline environment. It adapts to drought by stopping growth, so it is a kind of typical drought-avoidance plant. Potaninia mongolica Maxim has three breeding ways that are the seedling propagation, the splitting-root propagation and the germinated propagation of burial branch. All of them are difficult to reproduce, which is the major reason that Potaninia mongolica Maxim is a rare species.
    THE STUDY OF THE CHARACTER OF THE VEGETATION LANDSCAPE IN THE CORE AREA IN THE NATURAL RESERVE OF PANGQUANGOU
    LI Qi, ZHANG Jin-Tun
    2003, 23(1):  112-116. 
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    The characteristics of the vegetation landscapes in the core area in the Natural Reserve of Pangquangou were analyzed by the acreage, the perimeters, the lengths and the breadths, which were obtained from the map of the vegetation landscape types, of the landscape patches. The results show that the distribution of the landscapes and the patches are obvious belt-quality. The diversity and the evenness of the landscape are low. In addition, four indexes, which are the rate of the length and the breadth, the elongation, the circularity, the rate of the perimeter and the length, were tried to analyze the characteristics of the patches. The results show that the four indexes are definite ecological meaning in the analysis of the landscape characteristics.
    A STUDY ON THE LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN THE RESERVOIR OF ERLONG MOUNTAIN
    WAN Lu-He, WANG Fang, ZANG Shu-Ying
    2003, 23(1):  117-122. 
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    This paper applies GIS technology's powerful function of information management and spatial data disposal or analysis, adopts incompact coupling GIS modeling method, and propers region-landscape ecological system as target, makes quantitative and locational research to discuss and reveal the relationship between landscape pattern, landscape ecology procession and influence of human activities as well.
    APPRAISAL OF RESEARCHING WAYS IN SEX IDENTIFICATION BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE PLANTS
    YIN Li-Hui, ZHAN Ya-Guang, LI Cai-Hua, SUN Ya-Feng, GUO Dan
    2003, 23(1):  123-128. 
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    Studies on the progress of sex identification between female and male plants at home and abroad in the past fifty years are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of every method are also discussed. In the meanwhile, making mention of the prospects.