橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)幼茎木材的超微结构观察

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 橡胶树是中国重要的热带经济作物，橡胶种植的副产物橡胶木是我国木材供应的重要来源。我们以不同发育阶段的橡胶树幼茎木材为材料，借助扫描电子显微镜技术，对木质部细胞的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明，在橡胶树幼茎木材中，导管和木纤维细胞壁随着木质部发育成熟会发生明显的次生加厚，加厚方式主要为螺纹加厚；木质部各类型细胞均存在大量纹孔，纹孔排列方式主要有散生、网状、梯状和单串状等类型；在木质部发育过程中，木射线和部分薄壁细胞中会逐渐积累大量淀粉粒；木质部细胞内壁及其填充物表面存在不同类型的附着物。研究结果将为橡胶木材材性及其形成机制的研究提供一定理论参考。

关键词: 橡胶树, 木材, 超微结构, 扫描电子显微镜

Abstract: Rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is an important economic crop in China's tropical regions. Rubber wood, a by-product of rubber cultivation, is an important source of timber supply in China. Using scanning electron microscopy, we studied the ultrastructure of xylem cells of rubber tree young stems which develop in different stages. The results showed that in the wood of rubber tree young stem, the cell wall of the vessel and wood fiber were thickened obviously with the development and maturation of the xylem. Spiral thickening was the main thickening method. There were a large number of pits in the cell wall of xylem cells. The main modes of the arrangement of the pits are scattered, reticular, ladder-shaped, and pearl-like. During the development of xylem, starch granules will gradually accumulate in the ray and some parenchyma cells. There are different types of attachments on the surface of xylem cell wall. These results will provide a theoretical reference for the studies of rubber wood property and its formation mechanism.

Key words: Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg., wood, ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy

中图分类号:

S794.1

王祥军, 曾仙珍, 王亚杰, 黄肖, 张源源, 李维国. 橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)幼茎木材的超微结构观察[J]. 植物研究, 2018, 38(6): 876-885.

WANG Xiang-Jun, ZENG Xian-Zhen, WANG Ya-Jie, HUANG Xiao, ZHANG Yuan-Yuan, LI Wei-Guo. Wood Ultrastructure Observation of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) Young Stem[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(6): 876-885.

参考文献

1. 袁红梅,洪灏,黄惜. 巴西橡胶树产排胶机理的研究进展[J]. 分子植物育种,2015,13(5):1151-1156.Yuan H M,Hong H,Huang X. The research advance of biosynthesis and drainage of latex in Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2015,13(5):1151-1156.
2. 秦韶山,李晓文,李民,等. 中国橡胶木改性技术研究现状、前景与建议[J]. 热带农业工程,2017,41(4):69-72.Qin S S,Li X W,Li M,et al. Present situation,prospect and suggestion of Chinese rubber wood modification technology[J]. Tropical Agricultural Engineering,2017,41(4):69-72.
3. Ye Z H,Zhong R Q. Molecular control of wood formation in trees[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2015,66(14):4119-4131.
4. Zhong R Q,Ye Z H. Complexity of the transcriptional network controlling secondary wall biosynthesis[J]. Plant Science,2014,229:193-207.
5. Timell T E. Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses[J]. Wood Science and Technology,1967,1(1):45-70.
6. Chantuma P,Lacointe A,Kasemsap P,et al. Carbohydrate storage in wood and bark of rubber trees submitted to different level of C demand induced by latex tapping[J]. Tree Physiology,2009,29(8):1021-1031.
7. 曾仙珍,王祥军,李维国. 不同生育期橡胶树幼茎细胞壁三要素的变化动态[J]. 热带作物学报,2016,37(5):910-914.Zeng X Z,Wang X J,Li W G. Dynamic changes of three cell wall elements at different growth stage in rubber tree stem[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016,37(5):910-914.
8. 银永安,齐军仓,李卫华,等. 小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒理化特性研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2372-2379.Yin Y A,Qi J C,Li W H,et al. Physico-Chemical characteristics of A,B type starch granule in wheat endosperm[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(11):2372-2379.
9. 席恩华,赵广杰,张建辉. 木材木质部细胞分化成熟过程及其可视化的研究进展[J]. 林业机械与木工设备,2010,38(2):13-15.Xi E H,Zhao G J,Zhang J H. Research progress of wood xylem cell differentiation and maturation process and its visualization[J]. Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment,2010,38(2):13-15.
10. 崔丙刚,董炳江. 谈阔叶材的木材检验特征[J]. 科技创业家,2012,1(2):258.Cui B G,Dong B J. Wood inspection characteristics of broadleaved trees[J]. Technological Pioneers,2012,1(2):258.
11. Teoh Y P,Don M M,Ujang S. Assessment of the properties,utilization,and preservation of rubberwood(Hevea brasiliensis):a case study in Malaysia[J]. Journal of Wood Science,2011,57(4):255-266.
12. Kadir A A,Sudin R. Carbohydrates in rubberwood(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.)[J]. Holzforschung,1989,43(3):173-178.
13. Ketkakomol S,Lerksomlan T,Clement-Vidal A,et al. Starch synthesis and mobilization in wood and bark of rubber tree,in relation with latex production,(1) methodological approach[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014,844:15-19.
14. 刘嵘,杨淑敏,李晖,等. 毛竹材导管分子的纹孔特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,41(6):163-168.Liu R,Yang S M,Li H,et al. Characteristics of pits in the vessel element of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J. Houz.)[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(6):163-168.
15. Kim J S,Daniel G. Distributional variation of lignin and non-cellulosic polysaccharide epitopes in different pit membranes of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings[J]. IAWA Journal,2014,35(4):407-429.
16. Meyra A G,Kuz V A,Zarragoicoechea G J. Geometrical and physicochemical considerations of the pit membrane in relation to air seeding:the pit membrane as a capillary valve[J]. Tree Physiology,2007,27(10):1401-1405.
17. 姜笑梅,周崟,张立非. 中国26种豆科木材导管附物纹孔的电镜观察和研究[J]. 林业科学,1992,28(2):138-145.Jiang X M,Zhou Y,Zhang L F. Studies on the vestured pits in the vessels of the 26 Chinese Leguminosae woods using electron microscopy[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1992,28(2):138-145.
18. 郭素枝,刘玉宝,邓传远. 茉莉(Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton)3品种次生木质部的比较解剖学研究[J]. 电子显微学报,2008,27(5):415-421.Guo S Z,Liu Y B,Deng C Y. Study on comparative anatomy of secondary xylem in three cultivars of Jasminum sambac (L.) aiton[J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2008,27(5):415-421.
19. 梁柯. 杜英科一些植物次生木质部附物纹孔的解剖学研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学,2011.Liang K. Study on vestured pits on secondary xylem in a few Elaeocarpaceae garden plants[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.
20. Carlquist S. Comparative wood anatomy[M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1988.
21. 邓传远,林鹏,郭素枝. 海桑属红树植物次生木质部解剖特征及其对潮间带生境的适应[J]. 植物生态学报,2004,28(3):392-399.Deng C Y,Lin P,Guo S Z. Wood structures of some Sonneratia species and their adaptation to intertidal habitats[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(3):392-399.
22. 路瑶,魏贤勇,宗志敏,等. 木质素的结构研究与应用[J]. 化学进展,2013,25(5):838-858.Lu Y,Wei X Y,Zong Z M,et al. Structural investigation and application of lignins[J]. Progress in Chemistry,2013,25(5):838-858.
23. Simmons T J,Mortimer J C,Bernardinelli O D,et al. Folding of xylan onto cellulose fibrils in plant cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR[J]. Nature Communications,2016,7:13902.
24. Tuskan G A,Difazio S,Jansson S,et al. The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)[J]. Science,2006,313(5793):1596-1604.
25. The French-Italian Public Consortium for Grapevine Genome Characterization. The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla[J]. Nature,2007,449(7161):463-467.
26. Velasco R,Zharkikh A,Affourtit J,et al. The genome of the domesticated apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)[J]. Nature Genetics,2010,42(10):833-839.
27. Sato S,Hirakawa H,Isobe S,et al. Sequence analysis of the genome of an oil-bearing tree, Jatropha curcas L. [J]. DNA Research,2011,18(1):65-76.
28. Argout X,Salse J,Aury J M,et al. The genome of Theobroma cacao[J]. Nature Genetics,2011,43(2):101-108.
29. Wu J,Wang Z W,Shi Z B,et al. The genome of the pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)[J]. Genome Research,2012,23(2):396-408.
30. Zhang Q X,Chen W B,Sun L D,et al. The genome of Prunus mume[J]. Nature Communications,2012,3:1318.
31. Xu Q,Chen L L,Ruan X A,et al. The draft genome of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)[J]. Nature Genetics,2013,45(1):59-66.
32. International Peach Genome Initiative,Verde I,Abbott A G,et al. The high-quality draft genome of peach(Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity,domestication and genome evolution[J]. Nature Genetics,2013,45(5):487-494.
33. Al-Mssallem I S,Hu S N,Zhang X W,et al. Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. [J]. Nature Communications,2013,4:2274.
34. Singh R,Ong-Abdullah M,Low E T L,et al. Oil palm genome sequence reveals divergence of interfertile species in Old and New worlds[J]. Nature,2013,500(7462):335-339.
35. Project A G. The Amborella genome and the evolution of flowering plants[J]. Science,2013,342(6165):1241089.
36. Liu M J,Zhao J,Cai Q L,et al. The complex jujube genome provides insights into fruit tree biology[J]. Nature Communications,2014,5:5315.
37. Myburg A A,Grattapaglia D,Tuskan G A,et al. The genome of Eucalyptus grandis[J]. Nature,2014,510(7505):356-362.
38. Tang C R,Meng Y,Fang Y J,et al. The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation[J]. Nature Plants,2016,2(6):16073.
39. Martínez-García P J,Crepeau M W,Puiu D,et al. The walnut(Juglans regia) genome sequence reveals diversity in genes coding for the biosynthesis of non-structural polyphenols[J]. The Plant Journal,2016,87(5):507-532.
40. Wang X,Xu Y T,Zhang S Q,et al. Genomic analyses of primitive,wild and cultivated citrus provide insights into asexual reproduction[J]. Nature Genetics,2017,49(5):765-772.
41. Teh B T,Lim K,Yong C H,et al. The draft genome of tropical fruit durian(Durio zibethinus)[J]. Nature Genetics,2017,49(11):1633-1641.
42. Shirasawa K,Isuzugawa K,Ikenaga M,et al. The genome sequence of sweet cherry(Prunus avium) for use in genomics-assisted breeding[J]. DNA Research,2017,24(5):499-508.
43. Unver T,Wu Z Y,Sterck L,et al. Genome of wild olive and the evolution of oil biosynthesis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(44):E9413-E9422.
44. Plomion C,Aury J M,Amselem J,et al. Oak genome reveals facets of long lifespan[J]. Nature Plants,2018,4(7):440-452.

[1]	袁铭悦, 周天忠, 余马, 胡斌, 龙翔宇, 陈华. 巴西橡胶树去泛素化酶UCHs基因的克隆及功能分析[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(4): 622-630.
[2]	杨洪, 王立丰, 代龙军, 郭冰冰. 死皮对橡胶树树皮线粒体超微结构及活性氧代谢的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(1): 69-75.
[3]	陈华峰, 代龙军, 刘明洋, 郭冰冰, 杨洪, 王立丰. 橡胶树胶乳高表达热激蛋白HbHSP90.4基因抗逆功能分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 1023-1032.
[4]	李茜然, 勇璐, 潘彪, 郑欣欣, 石江涛, 李婷. 水青树特殊管胞的分布位置及其形态特征的研究[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 939-945.
[5]	覃碧, 刘明洋, 王萌, 王立丰, 黄飞. 橡胶树DELLA基因HbRGL1的克隆与表达分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 997-1004.
[6]	代龙军, 刘明洋, 阳江华, 周凯, 郭冰冰, 杨洪, 王立丰. 巴西橡胶树胶乳中DUF1262结构域蛋白结构与基因表达分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 802-810.
[7]	刘明洋, 肖化兴, 王立丰, 梁晓宇, 张宇, 王萌. 橡胶树热激蛋白HbHSP90.8-1基因的克隆与功能分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 811-820.
[8]	周雪燕, 王璧莹, 郝雪峰, 胡兴国, 吴江涛, 郎凯, 胡钦波, 赵曦阳. 长白落叶松半同胞家系生长和木材性状遗传变异与联合选择[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(3): 383-393.
[9]	袁秀云, 许申平, 周一冉, 王喜蒙, 崔波. 遮荫对白及形态及叶片结构的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 974-981.
[10]	陈华峰, 樊松乐, 王立丰. 巴西橡胶树赤霉素信号转导途径HbRGA1结构和功能分析[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(4): 531-539.
[11]	孙旺旺, 孟宪敏, 徐秀源, 伍敏华, 秦梦阳, 林梦梦, 张新妍, 岳国忠. 金叶连翘叶片色素含量和解剖结构研究[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(3): 321-329.
[12]	李冬林, 金雅琴, 崔梦凡, 黄琳曦, 裴文慧. 遮荫对香果树叶片生理特性及叶肉细胞超微结构的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 29-40.
[13]	樊松乐, 王纪坤, 谢贵水, 王萌, 王立丰. R2R3型MYB转录因子HbMYB88结构和功能分析[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 106-116.
[14]	王萌, 张冬, 陆燕茜, 肖化兴, 郑服丛, 张宇. 巴西橡胶树中小檗碱桥酶HbBBE1在逆境胁迫中的作用[J]. 植物研究, 2018, 38(5): 704-713.
[15]	陆燕茜, 张冬, 王立丰, 王纪坤. 巴西橡胶树HbMYB62转录因子基因的克隆和表达分析[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(6): 953-960.