Bulletin of Botanical Research

Rhododendron Zhangjiajieense,a New Species of the Rhododendron from Hunan, China

PENG Chun-Liang;YAN Li-Hong;LIAO Ju-Yang;HUANG Wen-Tao

2007, 27(4): 385-387. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.001

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Rhododendron zhangjiajieense C. L. Peng et L. H. Yan, The new species is related to Rhododendron wiltonii Hemsl. et Wils., but it differs in the shorter and smaller leaves, 6.8~8 cm long and 2~2.5 cm broad, adaxial surface flat, not being coarsely bullate-rugose, abaxial surface indumentums yellow to rust-red, 1-layered, felted hairs, 5~6(9) flowers, smaller, corolla 2.5 cm long.

A New Variety of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wils.

FU Da-Li;ZHAO Tian-Bang;DAI Hui-Tang;SUN Jin-Hua;ZHOU Dao-Shun

2007, 27(4): 388-389. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.002

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A new variety from China, Magnolia officinalis Rehd. & Wils. var. glabra D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et H. T. Dai, var. nov., has been described. The variety is glabrous on branches, stipules, top leaf buds, mixed buds, flower buds and pedicels.

Lectotypification of Five Rudolf Görz’s Names in Salix Linn.(Salicaceae)

SUN Qian;LIN Qi*

2007, 27(4): 390-392. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.003

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Lectotypes for two species, two varieties and one form of the genus Salix Linn.(Salicaceae) are here designated under Article 8.1, 9.4, 9.9 and 9.10, and Recommendation 9A.1, 9A.2, 9A.3 and 9A.4 of the St. Louis Code (Greuter & al., 2000), because two or more collections were cited, but indicated no holotype in the protologue written by Rudolf Görz in the thesis,“Additamenta ad Salicologiam Sinicam” from Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology(Botany), 1935, 6(1): 1-26.

Taxonomy Significance Based on Pollen Morphology Observation of Five Species of Magnolia L. Including Magnolia wufengensis L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang

RUI Fei-Yan;MA Lü-Yi*;PENG Zuo-Deng;HE Sui-Chao;WANG Xi-Qun

2007, 27(4): 393-397. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.004

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Pollens of 5 species of Magnolia were observed and screened with light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) respectively; pollen size were measured under LM; and the metrical results were analyzed. The results show that under the LM all pollen appear as oval or close to rotundity, but these species are different in size and shape, and also the distinctions exist in different trees of same species; while under SEM, all the pollens appear as boats, every pollen has a closed sprout channel whose length almost equal to the longer axis of pollen, the characters of pollen surfaces are steadily in same species, but there are some visible differences among pollen of different species and these differences can provide important morphologic basis for classification of species of Magnolia L..

Newly Observed on the Gametophyte of Neottoperis

DI Na;WANG Xiao-Nan;LIU Bao-Dong*

2007, 27(4): 398-401. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.005

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Without any extra hormone, by separating the air to the spores, the spores of Neottopteris antrophyoides in liquid culture, the first successful induction of N. antrophyoides (Christ) Ching has been realized and the male gametophyte of simplification is almost the same as pollen grain that is in composition of one nutritional cell, one rhizoide and one antheridium. This article discussed the possible role in the evolution of environmental factor in the history of the system of high class plant life.

Megasporogenesis, Microsporogenesis and the Development of the Female and Male Gametophyte of Limonium gmelinii

ZHOU Ling-Ling;LI Wei;LIU Ping

2007, 27(4): 402-407. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.006

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The megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and formation of female gametophyte and male gametophyte of Limonium gmelinii were reported in this paper. The main results can be concluded as follows: (1)The microspore mother cell underwent meiosis before it turned into microspore tetrad. Its cytokinesis was simultaneous type, tetrads were mostly tetrahedral, less frequently isobilateral. (2)The mature pollen grains was of the 3-celled type and each had three germ pores. (3)The anther wall were composed of five layers cell, They were epidermis, endothecium, middle layer (two layers) and tapetum respectively, It belonged to basic type, and the tapetum was amoeboid type. (4)The pistil was composed of five carpels, the ovary was coadnate, basal placenta, having only one circinotropous ovule, the ovule was crassinucellate and had two layers of integument; (5)The archesporial cell came from the nucellar cells under the nucellar epidermis and formed the sporogenous cell after a periclinal division, then the sporogenous cell developed into the megaspore mother cell directly, then the megaspore mother cell underwent meiosis and gave rise to a linear tetrad of megaspore, the chalazal megaspore was functional and developed into mature embryo sac. The development pattern of female gametophyte was of the Polygonum type.

Morphological Anatomical Studies on Aceraceae Vessel Element from Heilongjiang Province,China

ZHANG Da-Wei;XING Yi;DANG An-Zhi

2007, 27(4): 408-411. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.007

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By means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and resin casting method, the morphological structure of the vessel element in plants of Aceraceae in Heilongjiang province which includes 8 species in Acer Linn. is studied, The result shows that the length of vessel element is between 187.5 μm and 133.00 μm, except for Acer mandshurica Maxim. which has large longer length than other species. The width of vessel element is between 17.06 μm and 28.00 μm. In the types of pits of vessel element, there are alternate pitting only, opposite pitting only and both. The pits between vessels are distributed in groups, most of them show some forms. The relationship between the main characters of vessel element and their habitat is studied.

A Study on the Embryo and Its Nutritive Tissues, Endosperm and Perisperm of Nymphaeaceae in China

SUN Yan;ZHANG Xin-Xin;WANG Chen*;LIU Mei;LIU Ming-Yuan

2007, 27(4): 412-415. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.008

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The embryo,endosperm and perisperm in 3 species, Euryale ferox Salisb.Nymphaea tetragona Geargi and Nuphar pumilum DC. of Nymphaeaceae were Studied in this paper.The common characters of embryo are the well developed shoot apex,especial the plumule with 2~4 plumular leaves,and the diapausing root apex. All of the 3 species have both endosperm and perisparm ,but the former only remains and the latter is very rich in the mature seeds.Finally,the meaning of these characters in phylogeny were discussed.

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Photosynthesis Rate, Contents of Chlorophyll, Ca²⁺-ATPase,Mg²⁺-ATPase in Chloroplast and Ca2+ Distribution in Peanut Seedlings

ZAI Xue-Ming;QIN Pei;WU Guo-Rong;WANG Guang;YAN Dao-Liang

2007, 27(4): 416-420. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.009

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Peanut seedlings potted after tank farming were cultured at 42℃ in incubator, and the photosynthesis rate, contents of chlorophyll, activities of Ca2+-ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase in chloroplast were measured regularly and the Ca²⁺ distribution in young leafage was observed accordingly. The results show that under high temperature stress, the photosynthesis rate and contents of chlorophyll decreased, and were positively correlated. Moreover, activities of Ca²⁺-ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase in chloroplast increased early and then decreased later, and the sensitivity to heat of Ca²⁺-ATPase was higher than Mg²⁺-ATPase. In addition, most of Ca²⁺ was transferred to cytosol and chloroplast across the plasmalemma, and Ca²⁺ could stabilize the structures of membrane and chloroplast under high temperature stress.

Comparative Study on Physiological Characteristics Between an Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora and Indigenous Plant Phragmites communis

BAO Fang;SHI Fu-Chen*

2007, 27(4): 421-427. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.010

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Spartina alterniflora is a rhizomatous perennial, native to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, occurring from Quebec and Newfoundland to Florida and Texas. In China, S. alterniflora was introduced to stabilize shorelines and increase vegetative cover in 1979, and now flourished in many inter-tidal zones of gulfs and estuaries with its spread. As a consequence of rapid globalization, greatly increased emphasis is placed on research of the ecology of invasive plants. S. alterniflora was introduced into Haihe estuary in 1998, it has gradually occupied a large area of the indigenous plant Phragmites communis zone, and P. communis was squeezed out into a higher plot. In this study, the POD, CAT, SOD activities, the contents of free proline and soluble sugar, and the relative permeability of plasma membrane in different organs between the two species were measured and compared. The experiments were performed during the growing season in 2005 at Haihe delta wetland, in E 117°45′, N 39°03′. The main experimental results were as follows:The SOD, POD, CAT activities, free proline and soluble sugar contents of S. alterniflora were lower than those of P. communis; Free proline and soluble sugar were two compatible substances and played important roles in keeping osmotic balance in both S. alterniflora and P. communis; Relative plasma membrane permeability tended to remain stable in both species, and maintain at a higher value in S. alterniflora than that in P. communis as a whole. These results could be helpful in explaining the physiological and ecological mechanisms of S. alterniflora with respect to its strong competitive ability.

Studies on Anatomical Structures of Leaves and Their Drought Tolerance Features of Sedum aizoon L. and Sedum spectabilis Boreau

SU Dan;ZHANG Jin-Zheng*;SUN Guo-Feng;XING Quan;GU De-Feng;DONG Ran

2007, 27(4): 428-433. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.011

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Epidermal characters and anatomical structure of leaves of Sedum aizoon L. and S. spectabilis Boreau have been observed by the light microscope and the influence of the leaf anatomical structure of two species in different soil water stress were studied. The results showed that there was a strongly relationship between the morphological, anatomical structures with their drought adaptability. There have the thin cuticle and well-developed aquiferous tissues in the mature leaves of two species. And there was ambiguous differentiation between spongy and palisade tissue in mesophyll. The vascular bundle of S. spectabilis Boreau and S. aizoon L.were more developed and they have well-developed stomatic chamber which below the epidermic cell. We also discovered many idioblasts which can drank and reserved much water around the vascular bundle. These characters were the key factors for the drought tolerance of both two species.

The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Camellia euphlebia

WEI Xiao;WANG Man-Liang;JIANG Yun-Sheng;TANG Hui;CHEN Zhong-You;CAO Hong-Lin*

2007, 27(4): 434-438. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.012

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The photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in Camellia euphlebia were studied with LI-6400 (Li-Cor Inc., USA) portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that the diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate (P_n) in C. euphlebia exhibited a mono-peak style, and the maximum value of P_n appeared at 11:00 am in summer. The maximum photosynthetic rate（P_max）, light saturation point（LSP）, light compensation point（LCP）for the leaves of C. euphlebia were 3.81 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 459.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and 6.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The light saturation and compensation point were very low, which indicated that C. euphlebia was a shade plant. Under the condition of optimum light intensity and temperature, the net photosynthetic rate of C. euphlebia increased linearly when the concentration of CO₂ enhanced from 50 μmol·mol^-1 to 800 μmol·mol^-1. Elevation of CO₂ concentration increased the P_n and the efficiency of ligh utilizing in C. euphlebia. The CO₂ saturation (CSP), compensation point（Г^*）, the maximum carboxylation rate （V_cmax）and maximum rate of electron transport（J_max） were about 1 200 μmol•mol^-1, 70.1 μmol·mol^-1, 17.5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively.

Effects of Shading Treatment on Photosynthetic Response and Life Cycle form of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

SUN Jia-Yin;YANG Feng-Jian;PANG Hai-He;ZHANG Xue-Ke;ZU Yuan-Gang*

2007, 27(4): 439-444. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.013

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The differences of photosynthetic response,photopigment and life cycle form of 5 years old Taxus chinensis var. mairei which live in the environment of 89% Shading treatment and change the light condition into 46.4% Shading treatment and full light for 50 days was studied.The result showed that the light compensation point of 89% Shading treatment,46.4% Shading treatment and full light was 18.88,30.52,65.34 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, and the light saturation point was 287.01,258.25,358.92 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,we can see that the shading treatment can reduce the light compensation point and light saturation point,so the plants can make the best of faint light,height the Photosynthesis rate,enhance the photosynthetic capacity,these changes of 89% is the biggest.Along with the degree increasing of shading treatment,the content of photopigment in the leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei which include chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased too,and that the ratio of the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b decreased,the result showd that shading treatment can make the best of the light energy,especially blue-violet light,enhance the photosynthetic capacity.We also studied the effects of shading treatment on life cycle form of Taxus chinensis var. mairei,the life cycle form of 89% Shading treatment,46.4% Shading treatment and full light is V_0.836C_0.164,V_0.625C_0.375 and V_0.772C_0.228,the vegetative growth of 89% is the most exuberant.So we can conclude that 89% shading treatment can provide the most suitable condition for Taxus chinensis var. mairei in these three kinds of conditions.

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Spruce

AO Hong;ZHANG Yu

2007, 27(4): 445-448. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.014

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Photosynthetic characteristics of 3-years-old Korean spruce and Nenjiang spruce seedlings were studied under different water conditions in order to explore their adaptation mechanism to water stress. The results showed that maximum photosynthetic rate（P_max）under different light reduced with the reducing of soil moisture content, and the reduction of Nenjiang spruce is smaller; apparent quantum yield (AQY),transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance (G_s) also decreased. Dark respiration rate（R_d）and water use efficiency（WUE） rised firstly and then descended as drought become intensified, however, intercellular (C_i)descended firstly then rised. These results showed that photosynthesis was limited by non-stomatal factor under serious drought. It is indicated that the ability to water stress of Nenjiang spruce is stronger than that of Korean spruce by comparing above indexes.

Genetic Relationships of the Sand Geographical Substitute Species of Genus Artemisia in China by RAPD Marker

WANG Tie-Juan;HAN Guo-Dong

2007, 27(4): 449-454. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.015

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23 populations of the six species were collected from respective distribution range and were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 303 loci were obtained from 15 random primers. The cluster analysis basing on genetic distances demonstrated that the populations of every species were clustered together respectively. Then the populations of A. intramongolica were clustered together with the populations of A. ordosica, following with the populations of A. halodendron. It indicated that genetic relationships of this three species were the nearest, and it was more near between A. intramongolica and A. ordosica. The populations of A. sphaerocephala were clustered together with the population of A. songarica indicated that genetic relationship of the two species were near. A. wudanica was an independent branch, so the kinships between A. wudanica and others were far. The cluster analysis on the species demonstrated the same results. A. intramongolica was regarded as geographic subspecies of A. ordosica because of their populations being the nearest according to the cluster analysis, their genetic identity amounting to 0.964 1, their small calathide and similar morphological characteristic.

Cloning of a Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Promoter from Jatropha curcas and Construction of Expression Vector

ZHANG Shu-Wen;GAO Fan;QIN Xiao-Bo;XU Ying*;CHEN Fang

2007, 27(4): 455-459. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.016

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) plays a crucial role in phenylpropanoid metabolism and provides precursors of various phenylpropanoid compounds. The 1 334 bp 5′upstream region of the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was isolated from Jatrapha curcas L. by the DNA walking technology. Sequence analysis revealed that the PAL promoter sequence contains not only CAAT and TATA basic modifs that are conserved in the eukaryotic gene promoter, but also various stress related cis-acting elements. Especially, many cis-elements observed in other phenylalanine ammonia lyase promoters are also found in the JcPAL promoter. For further study on the relationship of organization and function of JcPAL promoter, four JcPALP fragments with different deletion regions were inserted into vector pBI121(with GUS report gene) to replace CaMV35S promoter and might be used to investigate their corresponding expression pattern.

Cloning and Characterization of Beclin1-like Gene in Eupatorium adenophorum Buds

WANG Min;LIU Ying;LI Si-Bin;JIANG Yang;QI Chang-Qing;WANG Li;ZU Yuan-Gang*

2007, 27(4): 460-464. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.017

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It was found in the present study that programmed cell death (PCD) took place during the tapetum degenerating and pollen developing by microscopical observation and DNA ladder detection in Eupatorium adenophorum buds. Simultaneously, Beclin1-like gene was cloned from E. adenophorum buds at four different growth stages by RT-PCR method. The partial Beclin1-like gene (679 bp) was 98% similar to that of tobacco leaves (AY701316). Northern blotting showed that the expression of Beclin1-like gene in the stage Ⅱ was the strongest. The Beclin1-like gene was cloned in E. adenophorum buds for the first time and some relationships between the Beclin1-like Gene and PCD during the procreation of E. adenophorum were demonstrated. In addition, the results provided a new idea to further explore the invading mechanism of E. adenophorum.

Extraction cDNA Fragments Specially Expressed in Lines M₁₄ in Sugar Beet by mRNA Differential Display

LI Hai-Ying;MA Chun-Quan;YU Bing;GAO Chuan-Jun;ZHANG Shao-Jun;ZHANG Ying;GUO De-Dong

2007, 27(4): 465-468. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.018

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A monosomic addition line in sugar beet, which was designated as M₁₄ was obtained by the wide cross between cultivated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Beta corolliflora Zoss. M₁₄ contained the 18 normal chromosomes of sugar beet plus the B. corolliflora chromosome 9. This alien chromosome in M₁₄ had an average transmission frequency of 96.5% through eggs, the reason it had so high transmission frequency was that it had apomixis genes. By mRNA differential display method, the study compared gene expression at the stage of meiosis in florescence between M₁₄ and cultivated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) A_2Y which can carry out normal sexual reproduction. The anchored primer were GT₁₅A, GT₁₅G, GT₁₅C,and twenty arbitrary primers were used. By RT-PCR, six positive specific cDNA fragments were obtained. Analysis was performed on NCBI, and comparison the similarity with published sequences was carried out using the BLASTx program. These cDNA fragments were the candidate fragments to clone the apomixis genes.

Effects of Bacillus pumilus on Biomass and β-carotene Accumulation in Dunaliella salina SZ-05

DU Cai-Hua;ZHENG Wei-Fa*;ZHAO Yan-Xia;WEI Jiang-Chun;CHU Cheng-Cai

2007, 27(4): 469-472. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.019

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Bacillus pumilus was investigated for its effects on the accumulation of biomass and β-carotene in the culture of Dunaliella salina SZ-05. The results showed that the presence of B. pumilus significantly increased the growth rate and the accumulation of biomass and β-carotene in the culture of D. salina SZ-05, and reduced the dissolved oxygen and exopolysaccharides. The reduction of dissolved oxygen resulted in a decreased photorespiration in alga cells and hence an increased photosynthesis, and consequently an enhanced growth rate and biomass accumulation. Exopolysaccharides were found to be the active agents to quench free radicals. In stress conditions, the reduction of exopolysaccharides might triggered an enhanced biosynthesis of β-carotene, leading to an increased accumulation of β-carotene.

cpSSR Analysis of Variation of Genetic Diversity in Temporal Dimension of Natural Population of Pinus koraiensis in Liangshui National Nature Reserve

SHAO Dan;PEI Ying;ZHANG Heng-Qing*

2007, 27(4): 473-477. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.020

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With cpSSR method, the variation of genetic diversity in temporal dimension of natural population of Pinus koraiensis in Liangshui national nature reserve was studied in this paper. Total 121 P. koraiensis samples aged from 101 to 420 years were grouped into 6 age classes. 5 polymorphic loci were obtained from 2 pairs of SSR primers and the percentage of SSR polymorphic loci was 71.43%.With the POPGENE analysis software, the genetic diversity index was calculated and the variation of genetic diversity was analyzed in every age class level. The results showed that the genetic diversity of P. koraiensis in Liangshui National Nature Reserve didn’t fluctuate very much during 320 years. The differentiation of genetic diversity is not obvious in age class level, and genetic diversity of P. koraiensis primarily existed within age class.

The Predicting Models of Crown Surface Area and Crown Volume for　Mongolian Pine Plantation

LIAO Cai-Xia;lLI Feng-Ri

2007, 27(4): 478-483. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.021

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Based on the branch analysis data of 30 sample trees from 6 permanent plots in Mongolian pine (Pinus Sylvestris var. mongolica) plantation, the predicting models of crown surface area and crown volume were developed according to power function as base model by analyzing the relationship between crown surface area and crown volume with stand and tree variables. Also, the correlation between volume increment with crown surface area and crown volume were analyzed. The result showed that crown surface area and crown volume are increasing with DBH, total height, and crown length and the volume increment of tree is significantly linear correlated with crown surface area and crown volume for Mongolian pine plantation. For different stand conditions, crown surface area and crown volume were increased with stand age and DBH. The crown surface area was decreased with stand density and the relationship between crown volume and stand density was not significant. The predicting models of crown surface area and crown volume developed in this paper were evaluated. The test results indicated that relative mean errors in predicted stand attributes were less than ±8% and the estimated precisions of the stand variables were all greater than 91% for each model. Therefore, the models developed in this paper are suitable for estimating the crown surface area and crown volume under different stand conditions for Mongolian pine plantation.

The Diversity of Seed Plants in Liugujian Nature Reserve and Its Conservation Strategy

CHEN Ming-Lin;LIU Deng-Yi*;CUI Shu-Qing;LIU Xue-Yun

2007, 27(4): 484-493. doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2007.04.022

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