Table of Content

20 May 2009, Volume 29 Issue 3

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A New Species of Pleioblastus(Bambusoideae) from Fujian Province

LIN Mu-Mu;ZHENG Shi-Qun;WANG Xiao-Xia;PENG Shao-Yun;QIU Yun-Xing

2009, 29(3):  257-259.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.001

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A new species of the genus Pleioblastus guilongshanensis M. M. Lin, from Fujian province, China, is described. The new species is related to P. yixingensis S.L.Chen & S.Y.Chen. However, it is distinguished by its longer internode (15~30 cm), young guilongshanensis covered with soft pubescences, the section with white powder under it; the upper pole-sheath without burnt margin; the sheath with spreading bristle.

Additions to the Genus Bulbophyllum(Orchidaceae) from China

LI Lin;YE De-Ping;XING Fu-Wu*

2009, 29(3):  260-263.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.002

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Bulbophyllum thaiorum and B. gyrochilum, two Chinese newly recorded species, together with B. macraei, a new record to Chinese Mailand are reported for the first time, and the descriptions and photos are provided.

Gemma Morphology of Family Bryaceae(Musci) and Its Taxonomic Significance

CAO Na;ZHAO Jian-Cheng*

2009, 29(3):  264-269.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.003

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The morphological characteristics of gemma of 6 genera and 15 species in family Bryaceae were observed under the light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gemma could be look as a steady standard in identifying specimens. The discrepancy of morphological characteristics is great in different developmental phases of gemma. The appearance of gemma depends on favourable conditions and tuberiferous species are often sterile.

Intraspecific Variation and Geographical Differentiation of Malus hupehensis Based on Exsiccate-specimen Analysis

SHAO Wen-Hao;TANG Geng-Guo;JIANG Jing-Min

2009, 29(3):  270-275.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.004

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Based on exsiccate-specimens of Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd., 26 characters of flowers, leaves and fruits are observed and analyzed, using cluster analysis, scatter diagram, multiple comparison, and other methods. Then, the intraspecific variation and geographical differentiation are studied. Results show that the variations of these characters are obvious among different areas, containing the shape of calyx lobe, ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length, leaf hair, leaf size, and the shape of fruit. Ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length is becoming higher from East China to Southwest China, meanwhile, the shape of calyx lobe changes from ovate, triangleovate to lanceolate. This variation trend is not only determined by quantitative trait loci and their interaction but also is affected by environment. Leaf is prone to be changed by environments, and the variation of leaf size is obvious among different areas. The leaf hair is becoming more and more from East China where most of the leaves are glabrous to other areas, and the variation trend should be adapt to altitude increasing. The fruit is nearly oval or ovate in Northwest China and Central Plains, different from rotundate in other areas, showing the features that edge population is prone to differentiate.

Morphological Variation of Caragana microphylla Lam. in the East Part of Inner Mongolia

XU Bo;WANG Zan;LU Jing-Wei;GAO Hong-Wen*

2009, 29(3):  276-281.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.005

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Based on the natural distribution of Caragana microphylla Lam. in China，thirteen populations of C. microphylla Lam. collected in the East part of Inner Mongolia were evaluated by their morphological variation. Main results obtained are as follows: Results from the single factor variance analysis showed that there was a significant variation in the 13 populations studied.The principal analysis indicate that seed length, seed width and pod length were the main sources of morphological variation.Results from the regression analysis and correlation analysis showed the correlations between the morphological variation and ecological and geographic factors are significant.Based on the cluster analysis，the populations of C. microphylla Lam. investigated may be divided into three groups by morphological variation.

Morphological Characteristics Comparisons Between Thalassiosira and Coscinodiscus

LI Yang

2009, 29(3):  282-288.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.006

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Thalassiosira(Cleve) Hasle and Coscinodiscus(Ehrenberg) Hasle & Sims are large and typical genera in diatoms. Due to many similar morphological features, it is easy to misidentify between these two genera. Under light microscope and electronic microscope, their morphological characteristics comparisons have been studied. Besides 1-2 rimoportulae, Thalassiosira species have many fultoportulae and several species have occluded processes. The cribra locate close to the internal valve face and the foramens distribute on the external valve face. Contrarily, in terms of Coscinodicus species, the cribra locate close to the external valve face and the foramens distribute on the internal valve face. Without fultoportulae and occluded processes, Coscinodiscus species only have many rimoportulae. Allied Thalassiosira and Coscinodicus taxa should be re-examined and revised to confirm their taxonomic positions.

Studies on the Anatomical Structures of Leaves of Seven Saussurea DC. Species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with Different Altitude

SHI Hai-Yan;WANG Yi-Feng*;WANG Jian-Hong

2009, 29(3):  289-294.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.007

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Leaves of seven species of Saussurea DC.(twentynine populations) from 2 100 m to 4 200 m altitude in the eastern of Qinghai-Tibetan were studied,the relation between the structure of leaves of seven species and their environment was discussed. We have discovered that all the leaves of species are bifacial, their epidermis were single layer and had thicker cutide; With the altitude increasing, the thickness of the leaves, palisade and spongy tissue increased, and all of them had well-developed aerenchyam. Our results indicated that leaves of seven species had the structural characters of the mesophytes with part of xerophytes and liydrophytes. All of these above showed that the characteristics of seven kinds of leaves were the results of adaptation to the stressful environment of the severe lack oxygen, cold climate and high solar radiation ect.

Microsporogenesis and Development of Male Gametophyte of Euphorbia fischeriana

WANG Jin-Liang;WANG Chen*;LIU Mei

2009, 29(3):  295-298.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.008

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The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte of Euphorbia fischeriana were studied in this paper. The results show that the anther has four locules with wall composed of five layers of cells, and the anther development of the species is basic type, the amoeboid tapetum consists of binuclear cells; the cytokinesis in the meiosis of microspore mother cell is simultaneous; tetrads are usually arranged in tetrahedron and a few of them are bilateral symmetry; the mature pollens are elliptic in shape and belong to the three-cell type with three colporates. This article for E. fisheriana biology research and application development accumulation basic data.

Effect of Salt Stress on the Ultrastructure of Cells Membrane System in Maize

ZHENG Shi-Ying;SHANG Xue-Fang;WANG Li-Yan;LI Yan

2009, 29(3):  299-302.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.009

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The effects of salt stress on the ultrastructure of cells membrane system were studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that salt stress destroyed the normal construction of cells membrane system in Maize, the nuclear membrane, mitochondrion membrane, plasma membrane, chloroplast membrane and vacuolar membrane were destroyed at 50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress. The most conspicuous changes were swelling of the thylakoid membrane and disorganization of grana. At 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress, the nuclear membrane, mitochondrion membrane, plasma membrane, chloroplasts membrane and vacuolar membrane were destroyed seriously. The plasma membranes were destroyed and the cracked chloroplasts congested intercellular spaces. The outer membranes of chloroplasts were destroyed, and even disintegrated. The mesophyll cells were full of membrane structures, the direction of grana aline changed and nappe decreased, the basal granule and matrix had not limits, some basal granule and chloroplasts disintegrated. The nuclear membranes were destroyed and disintegrated, chromosome of nuclear were highly condensed, the quantity of mitochondrion increased, its membrane was destroyed, even wholly mitochondrion was disjointed. The vacuolar membrane was destroyed. Because some biomembrane system were destroyed, the cells were full of vesicles. The mesophyll cells arises plasmolysis, even cell wall ruptured and wholly cell moltened.

Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Callus

YANG Ying-Li;FAN Qing;WEI Xue-Ling;SHI Ru-Xia;MA Xu-Jun;ZHANG Sai-Na

2009, 29(3):  303-307.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.010

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The experiments were conducted with the callus of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. for studying the changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidase activity under treatment with SNP(Sodium Nitroprusside), as a NO donor. Investigation of NO content using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) technology showed that there was a significant increase of NO level in the callus of N. tangutorum Bobr. in response to SNP treatment, but a decrease induced by L-NNA. Remarkable reduce of MDA content was observed in N. tangutorum Bobr. callus treated with low SNP concentration, but 100 μmol·L^-1 SNP or 0.5 mmol·L^-1 L-NNA induced enhanced MDA content in comparison with the control. Compared to the control，SNP treatment induced increase in the amount of soluble protein, whereas decrease in proline content the callus of N. tangutorum Bobr.. SNP treatment resulted in increasing CAT and APX activities in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with low SNP concentration reduced POD activity, but POD activity increased to 119% of contrast in callus treated with 50 μmol·L^-1 SNP. In conclusion, the results testified that exogenous NO induced synthesis of soluble protein, enhanced antioxidant capacity and antioxidase activity in the callus of N. tangutorum Bobr., suggesting that the protective effect of NO to N. tangutorum Bobr. cell was proved.

Effect of Nitric Oxide（NO）Fumigation on the Photosynthesis of Garlic Sprouts

LI Cai-Xiang;HUI Wei*;TU Yin-Hua;NIU Rui-Xue;JIN Hong

2009, 29(3):  308-312.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.011

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The white garlic were fumigated with different concentrations of NO gas (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μmol·L^-1) under anaerobic conditions. The photosynthetic parameters of garlic sprouts were determined with TPS-1 photosynthesis system or calculated according to the theory of Farquhar and Sharkey. The content of RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) was also assayed simultaneously. Compared to 1.0 μmol·L^-1 NO treatment, 0.5 μmol·L^-1 NO resulted in increases in net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and stomatal conductance (G_s) ,which were accompanied by decreases in intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and stomatal limitation values (L_s) in garlic sprouts. The results showed that the main reason of photosynthetic rate in garlic sprouts treated with 0.5 μmol·L^-1 NO was higher than 1.0 μmol·L^-1 NO was caused by non stomatal factor. Furthermore, 0.5 μmol·L^-1 NO enhanced apparent quantum yield(AQY), carboxylation efficiencies(CE), photosynthetic capacity(A_o), Rubisco content, These results indicated that exogenous NO can improved ability of light reaction, the efficiency of carbon assimilation of and stomatal limitation values in garlic sprouts. Compared to control treatment，1.0 μmol·L^-1 NO caused the reduction of P_n, G_s, C_i, AQY，Rubisco content, CE and the enhancement of L_s in garlic sprouts. These results showed that the inhibitive effect of 1.0 μmol·L^-1 NO treatment on photosynthetic of garlic sprouts caused by stomatal factor and non stomatal factor together. However, all parameters of 0.1 μmol·L^-1 NO treatment had no difference.

Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Active Oxygen Metabolism, Polyamine Content and Photosynthesis of Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) Seedlings Under Salt Stress

LIU Jian-Xin;HU Hao-Bin;WANG Xin

2009, 29(3):  313-319.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.012

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In a solution culture experiment, the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as nitric oxide (NO) donor on ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) seedlings in growth, active oxygen metabolism, polyamine content and photosynthesis under the stress resulting from 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl were studied, and the results showed that 50 μmol·L^-1 SNP significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the contents of glutathione(GSH), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd), and (Spm+Spd)/Put ratio, decreased the contents of putrescence(Put), O^—·₂, H₂O₂ and malondiadehyde (MDA) in ryegrass seedling leaves under NaCl stress, SNP also increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotene, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), reduced intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) and increased relative dry weight of seedlings. The kinetic data of chlorophyll fluorescence revealed that SNP reduced the minimal fluorescence (F₀) of ryegrass seedling leaves under NaCl stress, which indicated that SNP has certain protecting effect on photosynthetic membrane system. SNP could not only significantly raised the maximum fluorescence (F_m), PSⅡ potential fluorescence efficiency (F_v/F₀) and PSⅡ maximum fluorescence efficiency (F_v/F_m) of ryegrass seedling leaves under NaCl stress but also increased the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Φ_PSⅡ), photochemical quenching (q_P), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical rate (PCR), reduced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and antennae heat dissipation (D), but were ineffective treated with 1 mmol·L^-1 PTIO(2-phenel-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a NO scavenger) and 0.5 μmol·L^-1 NaNO₂ (as control). These results suggested that the alleviation of salt damage by exogenous NO may be because of increasing the capacity of antioxidation and the capture and conversion of solar energy help enhance the photosynthetic capacities of ryegrass suffering salt stress.

Effects of Extracts from Root of Rheum tanguticum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Triticum aestivum and Elymus nutans

YANG Jian;XIE Xiao-Long;HU Yan-Ping;WANG Li;LI Yi*

2009, 29(3):  320-324.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.013

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The effects of extracts from root of Rheum tanguticum on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum and Elymus nutans were determined. The main results were as follows: Strong allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts were observed. Higher concentration of the aqueous extracts could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of T. aestivum and E. nutans, while lower concentration of the aqueous extracts could accelerate seedling growth of T. aestivum. The crude anthraquinone extracts only inhibited the seedling growth of E. nutans and the inhibiting effects became stronger with the increased concentration. The crude polysaccharide extracts inhibited the root growth of T. aestivum and E. nutans, and high concentrations of polysaccharide extracts prolonged seed germination of E. nutans.

Study on the Germination and Plant Regeneration of Lolium perenne

ZHOU Xiao-Mei;XU Jin;LI Jun-Jian*

2009, 29(3):  325-328.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.014

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We studied the effects of pre-treatments on seed germination, callus inducement and the plant regeneration of Lolium perenne. The results showed that pre-treatments including seeds drying 35℃ for 3 h, immersion for 16 hours then drying for 48 h and irradiation under 1 000 Gs magnetic field promoted the germination ratios significantly. MS medium was the optimal one in the three media tested. The 6 mg·L^-1 2,4-D was suitable for inducing callus formation from seeds. The medium for callus differentiation into plantlets contained 2 mg·L^-1 cytokinin (6-BA or KT). The basic MS medium adding 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA was best for regenerated plantlets rooting.

Seed Germination and Endogenous Inhibitory Substance of Bupleurum scorzoneraefolium

ZHOU Yan-Ling;ZHAO Min;PENG Yuan-Ju;ZHAO Yu-Sen*

2009, 29(3):  329-332.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.015

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An experiment was conducted to study the inhibitory activities of aqueous extracts，soaking solution with water and extraction solution with aether from Bupleurum scorzoneraefolium seeds on seed germination of B.scorzoneraefolium，seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica chinesis and wheat. The B.scorzoneraefolium seeds were soaked with water，aether，ethanol and acetone, respectively，and their effects on reducing inhibitory substance were compared. The effect of endogenous inhibitory substance on seed germination was studied in suit. Results showed that，the endogenous inhibitory substance existed in B. scorzoneraefolium seeds，and the inhibitory activity of endogenous inhibitory substance on the growth of young roots is stronger than that on seed germination of B.chinesis. The inhibitory activities of the endogenous inhibitory substance on the chlorophyll content，fresh weight and the activity of α-amylase are higher than those on seed germination of wheat. The endogenous inhibitory substance also significantly inhibits the seed germination of B. scorzoneraefolium. The germination percentage increases by soaking the seeds with aether for 24 hours under room temperature. A stratification technique for B. scorzoneraefolium seeds is hereby obtained.

Adaptive Cluster Sampling Technique for Desert Vegetation Based on Fractal Theory

XU Lan-Ying;LI Feng-Ri*

2009, 29(3):  333-338.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.016

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Based on the fractal theory, the adaptive cluster sampling technique for Nitraria tangtorum sand dune was studied by using the method of integrated remote sensing data and the actual survey data in Ulan Buh Desert. The linear regression equation for describing the relationship between perimeter and area of N. tangtorum sand dunes was established based on fractal theory. On the basis of the regression equation, the area of N. tangtorum sand dunes was estimated using perimeter and the prediction precision is 89.8%. Based on the estimated value of the area, effect of the adaptive cluster samples was analysed. The results showed that the precision of the adaptive cluster sampling can reach 96.9% and the relative efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling is 5.65 times of the simple sampling when the adaptability standard value (each plot area of N. tangtorum sand dune) is 50 m² which nearly equals the sample average value of the dune. The results will provide more effective inventory method for vegetation with cluster distributing in desert.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Actin Gene from Birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.)

CHEN Peng-Fei;LIU Xue-Mei;*;SONG Fu-Nan;SONG Xing-Shun;LIU Ni;JIN Wei-Wei;LIU Wei

2009, 29(3):  339-345.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.017

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Total RNA was isolated from Betula platyphylla xylem by the method of modified CTAB which was more effective and simple. The primers of plant actins conserved coding region were designed and a full-length cDNA of actin was obtained using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. Its full length is 1 785 bp. The sequence analysis result revealed that it contained a coding region of 1 134 bp encoding a protein of 378 amino acids, a 5′-UTR of 157 bp and a 3′-UTR of 495 bp. Homologous alignment shows that it shares over 80% nucleotide sequence similarity and over 96% amino acid sequence similarity with actins in other plants. The full length cDNA sequence of actin was registered in GenBank with accession number EU588981.The phylogenetic tree reconstructed on the base of amino acid sequences suggests that the relationship of actin between B. platyphylla and Ricinus communis is most intimate and they might have the same differential time in evolution.

DNA Isolation,Optimization of ISSR-PCR System and Primers Screening of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.) Nannf.

AN Na;GUO Hong-Bo*;ZHOU Tong-Shui;WU Qian-Hong

2009, 29(3):  346-351.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.018

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To assess genetic diversity and to authenticate the medicinal materials of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.) Nannf. the present work including DNA isolation, optimization of PCR assay of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and primers screening were investigated. Among three DNA isolation methods, improved CTAB, improved SDS and isolation kit, the improved CTAB was found to be the best. Based on priority selection design and those results in reported references, the optimal ISSRPCR action was carried out in a volume of 50 μL containing 20 ng of genomic DNA, 1.25 U of Taq polymerase, 1×buffer, 200 μmol·L^-1 each of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP, 0.5 μmol·L^-1 of primer, and 2.25 μmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺. According to this PCR system, thirteen of one hundred primers were chosen for their clarity, high polymorphism and repeatition.

Establishment and Optimization of SRAP-PCR Reaction System in Banana Genome

WEI Jun-Ya;LIU De-Bing;WEI Shou-Xing;XIE Zi-Si;CHEN Ye-Yuan*

2009, 29(3):  352-356.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.019

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In order to establish and optimize the SRAP molecular marker system in Musa spp.，the concentrations of Mg²⁺, dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, primers which affect the SRAP-PCR reactions were optimized. The optimum system was as follows: Mg²⁺ 2.5 mmol·mL^-1, dNTPs 250 μmol·L^-1, Taq DNA polymerase 1.0 U, primer 0.5 μmol·L^-1, template DNA 20 ng, 10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL.The total volume of reaction was 25 μL. Amplications were carriyed out on 29 banana cultivars genome using this optimum system. The results showed that the system was steady and reliable and would be helpful to study origin and evolution of Musa spp..

ISSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Freesia refracta Germplasm

WU Chen-Wei;ZHOU Ling-Yu;WANG Xiu-Li;SONG Hui-Shu;TANG Dong-Qin;LIU Qun-Lu*

2009, 29(3):  357-361.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.020

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Genetic diversity of 12 Freesia refracta accessions was detected and assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. From 34 ISSR primers, 12 primers were selected to perform ISSR-PCR. 5~11 DNA fragments were amplified with each of the 12 primers. Total 96 DNA bands were obtained, of which 62 bands had polymorphism, and average 5.2 polymorphic bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 64.6%. Computed with NTSYS-pc, the genetic distance (GD) of the 12 F. refracta accessions ranged from 0.123 to 0.907, and average 0.442. According to the UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic similarity, the 12 materials were divided into 2 groups at 0.56. The accessions with purple flowers belong to the group 1, and the others to the group 2. The results demonstrated that ISSR is a useful tool to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among F. refracta accessions, which provides a scientific basis for cross breeding and new varieties protection of F. refracta.

Effects of Pb(Ⅱ) on Seed Germination of Three Different Plants of Chenopodiaceae

HU Rui;SU Xue;YAN Min-Sheng;SUN Kun*

2009, 29(3):  362-367.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.021

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The study dealt with the effects of different Pb(Ⅱ) treatments (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 800, 1 000 mg·L^-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of Salsola passerina Bunge, Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad. and Chenopodium album L. The results showed that: The effects of Pb(Ⅱ) on the germination percentage，germination energy and germination index of S. passerina Bunge and K. scoparia(L.)Schrad. are not significant (p＞0.05) when Pb(Ⅱ) concentrations are 50 and 150 mg·L^-1, but it is significant (p＜0.05) on C.album L. once Pb(Ⅱ) concentration is up to 150 mg·L^-1. Although higher Pb(Ⅱ) concentrations (＞300 mg·L^-1) inhibit the germination of the three plants，the effect on K. scoparia(L.)Schrad. and C. album L. is stronger. The vigor index of seeds of three plants are significant from control, except for that of S. passerina Bunge at 50 mg·L^-1 Pb(Ⅱ). The effects on radicle and plumule elongation are not significant when Pb(Ⅱ) concentration is 50 mg·L^-1. As the concentration increasing, the inhibition on the elongation of radicle and plumule of three plants become stronger, but the effect on K. scoparia(L.)Schrad. and C. album L. is stronger than S. passerina Bunge. The seedling of K. scoparia(L.)Schrad. and C. album L. died at 300 and 600 mg·L^-1 Pb(Ⅱ), respectively. The seedling of S. passerina Bunge still alive even at 1 000 mg·L^-1, although it grows slowly. The tolerance of seedling growth of three different plants on Pb(Ⅱ) is S. passerina Bunge＞C. album L.＞K. scoparia(L.)Schrad.

Accumulation Capacity of Nanjing 14 Virescence Tree Species to Heavy Metal Pollutants of the Atmosphere

WANG Ai-Xia;ZHANG Min;HUANG Li-Bin;FANG Yan-Ming*;GAO Cai-Yun

2009, 29(3):  368-374.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.022

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Based on the studies on heavy metals (Pb,Cd and Cu)in leaves of different plants, the pollution situation was determined for the Chemical plant of Nanjing (pollution reigon) compared to the Jiangsu Academy of Forestry as control sites, The accumulation ability of 14 virescence trees to 3 kinds of heavy metal in the atmosphere was dealt with in this paper. The results showed that the urban green tree species could absorb heavy metal pollutants to different extent depending on heavy metal kinds and tree species. Concentration measure of one tree species plant to these heavy metals was markedly different,and accumulation ability of green trees to Cu ranked first in heavy metals. Heavy metal content in leaves of plants in sampling reigon was obviouly higher than control sites. Populus deltoides, Magnolia grandiflora, Ligustrum lucidum and Prunus cerasifera have high absorption capacity to Pb, Populus deltoides have high absorption capacity to Cd,while Broussonetia papyrifera have high absorption capacity to Cu. And P. deltoides, B. papyrifera, Cedrus deodara, Magnolia grandiflora, Platanus hispanica and Koelreuteria paniculata have high absorption capacity to three kinds of heavy metals.

Antioxidant Activities of Crude Polyphenol Extracts from Leaves of Myrtus communis

FAN Xian-Li;WANG Gao;WANG Hong;FAN Jian-Zhi;SHEN Xiao-Hui*

2009, 29(3):  375-379.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.023

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Crude polyphenols were firstly extracted from leaves of Myrtus communis and their antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging capacities were investigated. The results showed that the crude polyphenol of M. communis exhibited better antioxidant activities than V_C and other synthetic antioxidants. In the experiment of scavenging free radicals, at the same concentration, the scavenging activity of polyphenol extracts to DPPH radical was five times of the V_E, and the effecton ·OH was than the V_C. It can be expected that of purified polyphenol samples will exhibit even better antioxidant activity.

Content Determination and Distribution of α-Solanine in Eggplant

ZHOU Bao-Li;LI Zhi-Wen;DING Yu-Wen;LIU Xiang

2009, 29(3):  380-384.  doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2009.03.024

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In order to investigate the content and distribution of α-solanine in different varieties eggplant, ultrasonic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used to extract and determine α-solanine. The contents of α-solanine in different eggplant organs, eggplants with different fruit colors, fruit harvest periods, fruit maturity and fruit parts were investigated. The results showed that the content of α-solanine in eggplant fruit was the highest among different eggplant organs. The content of α-solanine in purple eggplant was significantly higher than green eggplant, it was the highest in the first fruit among the different harvest periods. The α-solanine content in immature eggplant fruits was significantly higher than that in mature fruits, and the α-solanine content in flesh of eggplant fruits was significantly higher than peel and stalk.