Adaptability of Floral Characteristics to a Fly Pollinator in Bulbophyllum andersonii (Orchidaceae)

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.05.005

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the reproductive characteristics and pollination mechanisms of Bulbophyllum andersonii， the pollination biology including flowering phenology， breeding system， pollinator， flower morphological characteristics， and flower volatile components were investigated in a wild population in Xishuangbanna， Yunnan in 2023. The results were as follows： the blooming period of B. andersonii was in mid-July， and the individual flowering period was five days. The breeding system was outcrossing and dependent on pollinators， and the natural seed setting rate was 26.06%. Bagging experiments indicated self-incompatibility， no apomixis and no spontaneous autogamy. Floral features such as the hinge structure of the labellum， pollination channels， and broad lateral sepals played important roles in pollination. Gampsocera sp.（Chloropidae） was the only effective pollinator and exhibited lip-licking behavior during the flower visit. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy， a large number of special particles were observed on the lips of B. andersonii， which might be the food rewards for the flower visitors. Flower volatile odors primarily contained monoterpenoids and aromatics， among which 1，2-Dimethoxybenzene and N， N-diethyl-m-toluamide might be related to the flower visiting behavior of insects. The results indicated that the flower morphology and flower scent of B. andersonii were adaptable to pollination by Gampsocera sp.， which seemed to be apt to a specialized pollination system.

Key words: Bulbophyllum andersonii, breeding system, pollination biology, flower morphology, floral scent

CLC Number:

Q944.43

Jinrui HE, Xiong ZHANG, Yinling LUO, Yan LUO, Qingqing LI. Adaptability of Floral Characteristics to a Fly Pollinator in Bulbophyllum andersonii (Orchidaceae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(5): 681-691.

Figures/Tables 8

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处理 Treatment	花数量 Number of flowers	结实数量 Number of fruits	结实率 Fruit setting rate/%
自花授粉Self-pollination	21	0	0
异花授粉Cross-pollination	22	16	72.73
去雄套袋Emasculated and bagged	20	0	0
直接套袋Bagged	20	0	0
自然授粉Natural pollination	187	49	26.06

化合物 Compound	保留时间 Retention time/min	相对含量 Relative content/%
邻苯乙醚1，2-Dimethoxybenzene	13.04	3.95±0.02
（E）-α-佛手柑烯（E）-alpha-bergamotene	20.91	11.80±0.01
β-柏木烯Beta-Cedrene	21.42	17.83±0.03
马兜铃烯Aristolochene	22.15	26.75±0.01
巴伦西亚橘烯Valencene	22.37	6.75±0.01
八氢萘Octahydronaphthalene	22.97	3.56±0.01
α-蒎烯Alpha-Copaene	23.07	5.93±0.01
避蚊胺N，N-diethyl-m-toluamide	24.36	11.69±0.07
4，6-二氯嘧啶-5-甲腈4，6-Dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile	26.46	7.38±0.04
邻苯二甲酸非5-炔-3-基异丁酯Phthalic acid，isobutyl non-5-yn-3-yl ester	30.43	4.36±0.02

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