Effects of Shouyun Iron Mine Abandoned Soil on the Growth of Two Sedum Species

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.017

Abstract

Abstract:

To evaluate the potential of Sedum in vegetation restoration of abandoned metal mining areas， the S. hybridum‘Immergrunchen’and S. spurium ‘Coccineum’were used as materials to study their adaptability by growth indexes condition in the abandoned iron mine soil（including mining soil， dump soil， tailing sand） by pot experiment within two growing seasons， and correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis were used to discuss the main soil physicochemical properties that affecting Sedum growth. The results showed that the abandoned soil significantly affected the survival rate of two Sedum species in the second growing season. The soil survival rates of the two Sedum species in mining area， dump soil and tailings soil were 40%~66%， 68%~90%， 33%~46% respectively. Different abandoned soils had significant inhibitory effects on the growth indexes of the two species. S. hybridum‘Immergrunchen’could be used as the recommended variety for the restoration of mining areas and S. spurium‘Coccineum’could be used for the dumps. Aerated porosity and soil water content were the main factors affecting the Sedum growth， 12.4% and 8.6% respectively.

Key words: Sedum, abandoned mine, plant growth condition, physicochemical properties of soil, CCA analysis

CLC Number:

Q949.751.1

Shubing BAI, Xiaoyi XING, Wenyu GUAN, Li DONG. Effects of Shouyun Iron Mine Abandoned Soil on the Growth of Two Sedum Species[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 677-687.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig. 3

Fig.4

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Fig.5

References 37

1	KUMAR A， MAITI S K.Assessment of potentially toxic heavy metal contamination in agricultural fields，sediment，and water from an abandoned chromite-asbestos mine waste of Roro hill，Chaibasa，India［J］. Environmental Earth Sciences，2015，74（3）：2617-2633.
2	SKOUSEN J， ZIPPER C E.Post-mining policies and practices in the eastern USA coal region［J］.International Journal of Coal Science & Technology，2014，1（2）：135-151.
3	LIU R Q，LAL R.A laboratory study on amending mine soil quality［J］.Water，Air & Soil Pollution，2013，224（9）：1679.
4	TOOMIK A， LIBLIK V.Oil shale mining and processing impact on landscapes in North-East Estonia［J］.Landscape and Urban Planning，1998，41（3/4）：285-292.
5	LI M S.Ecological restoration of mineland with particular reference to the metalliferous mine wasteland in China：a review of research and practice［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2006，357（1-3）：38-53.
6	ROTKITTIKHUN P， CHAIYARAT R， KRUATRACHUE M，et al.Growth and lead accumulation by the grasses Vetiveria zizanioides and Thysanolaena maxima in lead-contaminated soil amended with pig manure and fertilizer：a glasshouse study［J］.Chemosphere，2007，66（1）：45-53.
7	宋书巧，周永章.矿业废弃地及其生态恢复与重建［J］.矿产保护与利用，2001，（5）：43-49.
	SONG S Q， ZHOU Y Z.Mining wasteland and its ecological restoration and reconstruction［J］.Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources，2001，（5）：43-49.
8	高彦鑫，冯金国，唐磊，等.密云水库上游金属矿区土壤中重金属形态分布及风险评价［J］.环境科学，2012，33（5）：1707-1717.
	GAO Y X， FENG J G， TANG L，et al.Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in iron and gold mine soil of Miyun reservoir upstream［J］.Environmental Science，2012，33（5）：1707-1717.
9	李倩，秦飞，季宏兵，等.北京市密云水库上游金矿区土壤重金属含量、来源及污染评价［J］.农业环境科学学报，2013，32（12）：2384-2394.
	LI Q， QIN F， JI H B，et al.Contents，sources and contamination assessment of soil heavy metals in gold mine area of upstream part of Miyun reservoir，Beijing，China［J］.Journal of Agro-Environment Science，2013，32（12）：2384-2394.
10	廖海军.北京市密云水库上游土壤重金属污染调查评价［J］.城市地质，2007，2（3）：31-34.
	LIAO H J.Investigation and assessment of pollution of heavy metals in the soil of the upstream area of Miyun reservoir，Beijing［J］.Urban Geology，2007，2（3）：31-34.
11	ZHANG Q Q， ZHANG T Z， LIU X.Index system to evaluate the quarries ecological restoration［J］.Sustainability，2018，10（3）：619.
12	李锐丽.北京地区岩石园营建及岩生植物选择研究［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2008.
	LI R L.Studies on building rock garden and selecting rock plants in Beijing area［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2008.
13	孙丽萍.几种景天科植物扦插繁殖研究［J］.北方园艺，2012（2）：76-78.
	SUN L P.Research on cutting propagation of several crassulaceae plants［J］.Northern Horticulture，2012（2）：76-78.
14	余莉.几种地被植物的引种栽培及适应性研究［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2005.
	YU L.Study of cultivation and adaptability of several introduced ground covers［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2005.
15	GRAVATT D A， MARTIN C E.Comparative ecophysiology of five species of Sedum（Crassulaceae） under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions［J］.Oecologia，1992，92（4）：532-541.
16	HABIBI G， HAJIBOLAND R.Comparison of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Sedum album and Sedum stoloniferum（Crassulaceae） under water stress［J］.Photosynthetica，2012，50（4）：508-518.
17	荆瑞，张洁，尹德洁，等.6个矮型景天的抗寒能力比较［C］//中国观赏园艺研究进展2016.长沙：中国园艺学会，2016：292-299.
	JING R， ZHANG J， YIN D J，et al.The contrastive research to cold resistance of six different sedums［C］//Progress in orchental horticulture research in China 2016.Changsha：Chinese Society for Horticultural Science，2016：292-299.
18	田晓艳，刘延吉，张蕾，等.4种景天属植物抗盐胁迫能力的差异［J］.草原与草坪，2010，30（3）：57-60.
	TIAN X Y， LIU Y J， ZHANG L，et al.Effects of salt stress on four Sedum species［J］.Grassland and Turf，2010，30（3）：57-60.
19	侯雅琼.盐碱胁迫下四种景天属植物的生理响应及适应性研究［D］.呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2012.
	HOU Y Q.Studies on physiological response and adaptability under saline-alkali stress in Sedum plants［D］.Huhhot：Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，2012.
20	吴彬艳，邵冰洁，赵惠恩，等.11种广义景天属植物对Cd的耐性和积累特性［J］.环境科学学报，2017，37（5）：1947-1956.
	WU B Y， SHAO B J， ZHAO H E，et al.Cd accumulation and tolerance characteristics of 11 species in Sedum sensu lato ［J］.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2017，37（5）：1947-1956.
21	YANG W H， WANG S S， NI W Z，et al.Enhanced Cd-Zn-Pb-contaminated soil phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii and the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and function by applying organic amendments［J］.Plant and Soil，2019，444（1/2）：101-118.
22	魏述艳.矿山废弃地立地条件类型划分与评价——以北京首云铁矿为例［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2010.
	WEI S Y.Classifying and estimating for site type of mines wasteland：a case study on the Shouyun iron ore in Beijing［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2010.
23	赵方莹.北京铁矿废弃地植被恢复技术与效应研究［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2008.
	ZHAO F Y.A study on revegetating techniques and effects in iron ore wastelands in Beijing［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2008.
24	BYRNE P J， CARTY B.Developments in the measurement of air filled porosity of peat substrates［J］.Acta Horticulturae，1989，238：37-44.
25	鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法［M］.北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000.
	LU R K.Anlytical methods of soil agricultural chemistry［M］.Beijing：China Agricultural Science and Technology Press，2000.
26	张华.北京房山区黄院采石场松散堆积体生态修复技术研究［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2013.
	ZHANG H.Study on the technology of ecological restoration in Huangyuan village quarry loose deposits of Beijing Fangshan Region［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2013.
27	CASSELMAN C N， FOX T R， BURGER J A，et al.Effects of silvicultural treatments on survival and growth of trees planted on reclaimed mine lands in the Appalachians［J］.Forest Ecology and Management，2006，223（1/2/3）：403-414.
28	CATERINO B， SCHULER J L， GRUSHECKY S T，et al.Early growth and survival of shrub willow on newly reclaimed mine soil［J］.New Forests，2020，51（6）：1087-1099.
29	RUCKER K S， KVIEN C K， HOLBROOK C C，et al.Identification of peanut genotypes with improved drought avoidance traits［J］.Peanut Science，1995，22（1）：14-18.
30	ZHAO T J， SUN S， LIU Y，et al.Regulating the Drought-responsive Element （DRE）-mediated signaling pathway by synergic functions of trans-active and trans-inactive DRE binding factors in Brassica napus ［J］.Journal of Biological Chemistry，2006，281（16）：10752-10759.
31	张莹，张玲，刘泓，等.柳树6个无性系在铜尾矿砂中的生长及耐受性差异［J］.林业科学研究，2017，30（6）：936-945.
	ZHANG Y， ZHANG L， LIU H，et al.Variations in growth and tolerance of six willow clones in copper tailings soils［J］.Forest Research，2017，30（6）：936-945.
32	田胜尼，刘登义，彭少麟，等.5种豆科植物对铜尾矿的适应性研究［J］.环境科学，2004，25（3）：138-143.
	TIAN S N， LIU D Y， PENG S L，et al.Studies on the adaptation of five legumes species to copper tailings［J］.Environmental Science，2004，25（3）：138-143.
33	张鸿龄，孙丽娜，马国峰，等.北方地区铁矿废弃地基质改良及植被恢复技术［J］.生态学杂志，2018，37（10）：3130-3136.
	ZHANG H L， SUN L N， MA G F，et al.Techniques for substrate amelioration and revegetation of iron mine wasteland in northern China［J］.Chinese Journal of Ecology，2018，37（10）：3130-3136.
34	HANSSON K， HELMISAARI H S， SAH S P，et al.Fine root production and turnover of tree and understorey vegetation in Scots pine，silver birch and Norway spruce stands in SW Sweden［J］.Forest Ecology and Management，2013，309：58-65.
35	BENIGNO S M， DIXON K W， STEVENS J C.Increasing soil water retention with native-sourced mulch improves seedling establishment in Postmine Mediterranean sandy soils［J］.Restoration Ecology，2013，21（5）：617-626.
36	OHSOWSKI B M， KLIRONOMOS J N， DUNFIELD K E，et al.The potential of soil amendments for restoring severely disturbed grasslands［J］.Applied Soil Ecology，2012，60：77-83.
37	BAINBRIDGE D A.Alternative irrigation systems for arid land restoration［J］.Ecological Restoration，2002，20（1）：23-30.

土壤类型 Soil type	对照土壤 Control soil	采矿区土壤 Mining soil	排土场土壤 Dump soil	尾矿砂 Tailing sand
容重 Bulk density /（g·cm^-3）	0.66±0.02d	0.96±0.12b	0.90±0.08c	1.22±0.02a
总孔隙度 Total soil porosity /%	52.50±0.11a	40.35±0.06c	46.35±0.02b	39.6±0.07c
持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity /%	49.35±0.11a	36.45±0.05c	40.57±0.04b	33.15±0.09d
通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity /%	4.35±0.02c	3.90±0.01d	5.77±0.03b	6.45±0.03a
土壤含水量 Soil moisture /%	46.50±1.23a	22.00±2.43b	22.70±2.12b	15.50±1.26c
pH	6.83±0.04b	6.87±0.03ab	6.91±0.04a	6.86±0.01ab
有机质 Organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	3.05±0.38a	0.43±0.21c	0.62±0.18bc	0.80±0.11b
速效N Available N /（g·kg^-1）	17.32±1.16a	9.54±0.33c	10.20±1.03c	13.20±0.43b
全P Total P /（g·kg^-1）	0.07±0.01c	0.10±0.01b	0.14±0.01a	0.03±0.01d
速效K Available N /（mg·kg^-1）	243.23±1.67a	245.58±1.44a	192.12±0.17b	52.14±1.11c
Cd /（mg·kg^-1）	—	—	—	—
Pb /（mg·kg^-1）	—	1.29±0.05b	—	8.64±0.45a

地上部指标 Shoot index	品种 Variety	对照土壤 Control soil	采矿区土壤 Mining soil	排土场土壤 Dump soil	尾矿砂 Tailing sand
茎长 Shoot length /cm	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	9.90±0.21a	6.42±0.06b	7.00±0.62b	9.52±0.43a
茎长 Shoot length /cm	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	14.14±0.57a	10.30±1.39b	13.84±0.65a	11.20±0.51b
分蘖数量 /个 Tiller number	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	23.60±1.14a	19.20±1.93b	13.20±1.92c	11.40±1.34c
分蘖数量 /个 Tiller number	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	19.60±1.82a	9.10±1.22c	14.20±1.92b	5.80±1.30d
地径 Stem diameter /cm	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	0.13±0.01a	0.13±0.01a	0.12±0.01a	0.10±0.01b
地径 Stem diameter /cm	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.13±0.01ab	0.14±0.02a	0.10±0.01bc	0.09±0.01c
叶面积 Leaf area /cm²	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	2.21±0.12a	1.87±0.05b	1.45±0.09c	1.80±0.02b
叶面积 Leaf area /cm²	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.85±0.04a	0.31±0.01c	0.49±0.07b	0.23±0.02d
单叶鲜质量 Leaf fresh mass /g	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	0.22±0.01a	0.16±0.02b	0.10±0.01c	0.13±0.02bc
单叶鲜质量 Leaf fresh mass /g	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.06±0.00a	0.02±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.01±0.00c
地上干质量 Shoot dry mass /g	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	1.39±0.05a	0.79±0.09b	0.49±0.04c	0.32±0.01d
地上干质量 Shoot dry mass /g	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.21±0.03a	0.12±0.01b	0.14±0.01b	0.06±0.00c

根系指标 Root index	品种 Variety	对照土壤 Control soil	采矿区土壤 Mining soil	排土场土壤 Dump soil	尾矿砂 Tailing sand
总根长 Total root length /cm	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	498.99±55.69a	338.21±29.82b	223.30±17.73c	404.69±26.56ab
总根长 Total root length /cm	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	196.49±14.06a	96.65±13.87c	184.99±17.10ab	160.02±4.62b
根系总表面积 Root surface area /cm²	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	476.81±35.76a	330.35±36.41b	149.47±19.65c	233.06±36.24bc
根系总表面积 Root surface area /cm²	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	51.97±12.32a	27.30±5.03b	39.10±9.58a	41.89±1.83a
根系总体积 Root volume /cm³	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	53.44±9.95a	21.06±6.99b	10.85±2.26b	14.72±5.77b
根系总体积 Root volume /cm³	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	1.35±0.31a	0.65±0.06b	0.87±0.05a	0.87±0.05a
根平均直径 Mean root diameter /mm	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	3.40±1.12a	2.12±0.39b	1.99±0.17b	1.84±0.46b
根平均直径 Mean root diameter /mm	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	1.08±0.20a	0.61±0.07b	0.85±0.09a	0.85±0.04a
根干质量 Root dry weight /g	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	1.09±0.05a	0.65±0.08b	0.32±0.09c	0.43±0.05c
根干质量 Root dry weight /g	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.025±0.002a	0.019±0.005b	0.023±0.001a	0.020±0.001ab
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	德国景天S. hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’	0.78±0.02b	0.83±0.05b	0.66±0.22b	1.34±0.14a
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	胭脂红景天S. spurium ‘Coccineum’	0.12±0.03c	0.15±0.03b	0.17±0.01b	0.35±0.03a

指标 Index	容重 Bulk density	总孔隙度 Total soil porosity	持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity	通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity	土壤含水量 Soil moisture	pH	有机质 Organic matter	速效N Total N	全P Total P	速效K Total K
存活率 Survival rates	-0.887**	0.920**	0.921**	-0.343*	0.828**	-0.162	0.884**	0.758**	0.787**	-0.897**
茎长 Shoot length	-0.264	0.399*	0.350*	0.107	0.278	-0.213	0.395*	0.385*	0.243	-0.240
分蘖数量 Tiller number	-0.755**	0.709**	0.772**	-0.561**	0.779**	-0.390*	0.743**	0.716**	0.799**	-0.788**
单叶鲜质量 Leaf fresh mass	-0.291	0.297	0.344*	-0.291	0.397*	-0.376*	0.358*	0.405**	0.405**	-0.326*
叶面积 Leaf area	-0.200	0.228	0.259	-0.171	0.307	-0.251	0.271	0.296	0.283	-0.237
生物量 Biomass	-0.367*	0.346*	0.403**	-0.353*	0.443**	-0.350*	0.403**	0.432**	0.463**	-0.402*
总根长 Total root length	-0.100	0.189	0.211	-0.093	0.239	-0.374*	0.255	0.323*	0.244	-0.147
根表面积 Root surface area	-0.202	0.215	0.266	-0.267	0.310	-0.356*	0.282	0.338*	0.340*	-0.253
根平均直径 Mean root diameter	-0.291	0.349*	0.360*	-0.166	0.401*	-0.276	0.376*	0.388*	0.356*	-0.321*
根体积 Root volume	-0.312	0.355*	0.391*	-0.265	0.424**	-0.386*	0.410**	0.450**	0.431**	-0.358*
根干质量 Root dry weight	-0.259	0.255	0.306	-0.282	0.349*	-0.344*	0.317*	0.362*	0.370*	-0.295

土壤因子 Soil factor	解释率 Explains /%	贡献率 Contribution /%	P
通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity	12.4	36.2	0.012
土壤含水量 Soil moisture	8.6	25.1	0.036
总孔隙度 Total soil porosity	5.0	14.7	0.082
pH	4.6	13.5	0.114
容重 Bulk density	2.9	8.5	0.228
持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity	0.7	2.0	0.686