Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aralia elata Leaves at Different Harvesting Periods

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for the timely harvesting of Aralia elata， the cultivated A.elata was used as experimental materials， and the biomass， photosynthetic pigment content， total phenolic content， total flavonoid content， and antioxidant capacity of A. elata leaves in different harvesting periods（S1 period， April 10th， 2023； S2 period， April 30th， 2023； S3 period， May 20th， 2023； S4 period， June 9th， 2023） were analyzed respectively. Meanwhile， the high-performance liquid chromatographic（HPLC） method was established to determine the contents of araloside X， araloside V， and araloside A. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology， the differences in secondary metabolites of A. elata at different harvesting periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that：（1）The fresh weight， dry weight， and photosynthetic pigment content of A. elata leaves increased with growth， and reached the maximum value in the S4 period. （2）The contents of total phenol and total flavone reached the maximum value in the S1 period（1.36 mg·g^-1， 29.38 mg·g^-1）. （3）The scavenging ability of DPPH radical was the strongest in the S1 period（IC₅₀ of 0.262 g·L^-1） and the scavenging ability of ABTS radical was the strongest in the S2 period （IC₅₀ of 0.511 g·L^-1）. （4）The content of araloside A reached a maximum of 12.90 mg·g^-1 in the S4 period. The contents of araloside V and X in the S2 period were significantly higher than those in other periods， which were 1.53 and 3.30 mg·g^-1 respectively. （5）A total of 24 phenolic metabolites were identified， and the total amount of phenolic compounds in the four periods were 64.84， 119.31， 101.95 and 89.32 mg·g^-1， respectively. Among the total phenolic compounds， the C6C1 backbone compounds （protocatechuic acid and gentisic acid）， the C6C3C6 backbone compounds （rutin）， and the C6C3 backbone compounds （caffeic acid） were significantly accumulated in the S2 period. In conclusion， considering the content of functional components， antioxidant activity， and edibility， the S2 period is the most suitable time for harvesting.

Key words: Aralia elata, saponin, different harvesting periods, functional component, antioxidant activity

CLC Number:

Q948

Meixin TANG, Zejia DUAN, Yun GUO, Ye ZHANG, Jiaotong LI, Hengtian ZHAO, Zhonghua TANG. Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aralia elata Leaves at Different Harvesting Periods[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(4): 602-611.

Figures/Tables 10

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采收期 Harvest time	鲜质量 Fresh weight/g	干质量 Dry weight/g	含水量 Moisture content/%
S1	0.74±0.10b	0.15±0.02c	79.1
S2	1.24±0.05b	0.23±0.01c	81.8
S3	3.55±0.67a	0.52±0.08b	85.4
S4	4.80±0.45a	0.78±0.07a	83.7

化合物 Compound	线性回归方程 Equation of linear regression	相关系数 R²	线性范围 Linear range/ （g·L^-1）	回收率Recovery/%			平均回收率 Average recovery/%	相对标准偏差 RSD/%
化合物 Compound	线性回归方程 Equation of linear regression	相关系数 R²	线性范围 Linear range/ （g·L^-1）	试验1 Test 1	试验2 Test 2	试验3 Test 3	平均回收率 Average recovery/%	相对标准偏差 RSD/%
皂苷A Araloside A	y=1 898.4x+70.623	0.999 8	0.125 0~2.000 0	98.2	99.4	103.2	100.3	2.60
皂苷V Araloside V	y=1 283.5x+2.192	0.999 5	0.125 0~2.000 0	99.6	103.7	104.9	102.7	2.71
皂苷X Araloside X	y=962.6x+43.573	0.999 3	0.062 5~2.000 0	99.4	102.4	104.5	102.1	2.51

采收期 Harvest time	总酚 Total phenolics/（mg·g^-1）	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/（mg·g^-1）
S1	1.36±0.30a	29.38±0.93a
S2	1.13±0.02a	23.35±0.19b
S3	1.14±0.13a	21.63±0.28b
S4	0.94±0.04a	22.53±0.47b

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