Competition Pattern of Standing Trees in Secondary Pinus Forest in the Ziwuling Mountains, China

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to reveal the driving mechanism of competition dynamics and pattern formation in the process of arid forest restoration and succession， the competition and spatial distribution pattern of standing trees in arid forest China were studied， and a typical secondary Pinus tabuliformis forests was investigated in the Ziwuling Mountains， China， and four larger sample sites（0.25 hm² each） in different developmental stages were selected， according to the method using space instead of time， and some details of population， size， inter-tree competitions and spatial pattern of four sample sites were acquired respectively. The results showed that， in the four communities at different stages of succession， population densities of P. tabulaeformis were 1 476， 996， 800 and 648 per ha² respectively； population densities of Betula platyphylla were 48， 32， 44 and 16 per ha² respectively； and population densities of Populus davidiana were 64， 28， 24 and 12 per ha² respectively. Competition index of main tree specials decreased with succession， and showed P. tabulaeformis>B. platyphylla>P. davidiana. Quantity of small individuals（diameter at breast height from 2-15 cm） decreased obviously； but quantity of large individuals（diameter at breast height larger than 30 cm） increased. In all succession stages， the competitive intensity of P. tabulaeformis decreased with the increase of diameter. The horizontal spatial competition pattern of P. tabulaeformis showed a patchiness distribution. P. tabulaeformis clumped at the scales 0-5 m， and negative correlated with other tress specials at the scales 5-15 m. Quantity of small size Pinus individuals decreased obvious in later developmental stage. Inter-tree competition of P. tabulaeformis was stronger than other tree species， and inter-tree competition decreased in the later developmental stage. The conclusions are as follows： the size of trees are negatively correlated with the competition index； the competition index of P. tabulaeformis is higher than other species； the competition at community scales decline as development， and the quantity and range of the patches with an intense competition decline， but do not disappear yet. Competition and spatial relations are observed within the scales of 5-15 m which are larger than the average crown size of Pinus. The conditions suggest that the range of inter-tree influence could expand indirectly beyond their crown range through unknown methods， which should be further investigated.

Key words: Pinus tabulaeformis, arid area, vegetation restoration, competition, spatial pattern

CLC Number:

Q958.15

Shuzhen ZOU, Caijia YIN, Qian YANG, Long MA, Di KANG. Competition Pattern of Standing Trees in Secondary Pinus Forest in the Ziwuling Mountains, China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 140-149.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Basic information of plots

编号 No.	北纬度 North latitude /（°）	东经度 East longitude /（°）	海拔 Altitude /m	坡向 Slope aspect /（°）	坡位 Slope position	平均胸径 Average DBH /cm	演替阶段 Succession stage	群落各层次优势种 Dominant species in each layer
1	35.990 5	108.6937	1 404.45±24.69	105	中坡位 Mid slope position	10.27	阶段 1 Stage 1	乔木层：油松、山杨、侧柏灌木层：胡枝子、陕西荚蒾、木姜子草本层：细叶薹草、野艾蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花、二裂委陵菜、野棉花 Fruticose stratum：P. tabuliformis，P. davidiana，P. orientalis Herb layer：L. bicolor，V. schensianum，L. pungens Fiele stratum：C. duriuscula，Artemisia lavandulifolia，Aster altaicus，Potentilla bifurca，A. vitifolia
2	35.993 2	108.6939	1 359.12±16.67	140	中坡位 Mid slope position	10.75	阶段 2 Stage 2	乔木层：油松灌木层：鞘柄菝葜、毛樱桃、峨眉蔷薇草本层：细叶薹草、早熟禾、老鹳草、野艾蒿、鹅观草 Fruticose stratum：P. tabuliformis Herb layer：S. stans，Prunus tomentosa，R. omeiensis Fiele stratum：C. duriuscula，P. annua，G. wilfordii，Artemisia lavandulifolia，Elymus kamoji
3	35.994 7	108.6943	1 318.36±17.03	125	下坡位 Down slope position	13.37	阶段 3 Stage 3	乔木层：油松灌木层：鞘柄菝葜、胡枝子、木姜子草本层：细叶薹草、早熟禾、野棉花、老鹳草、野艾蒿 Fruticose stratum：P. tabuliformis Herb layer：S. stans，L. bicolor，L. pungens Fiele stratum：C. duriuscula，P. annua，A. vitifolia，G. wilfordii，Artemisia lavandulifolia
4	35.994 5	108.6945	1328.08±12.72	40	中坡位 Mid slope position	20.04	阶段 4 Stage 4	乔木层：油松灌木层：鞘柄菝葜、木姜子、陕西荚蒾、峨眉蔷薇草本层：细叶薹草、野艾蒿、早熟禾、老鹳草、野棉花 Fruticose stratum：P. tabuliformis Herb layer：S. stans，L. pungens，V. schensianum，R. omeiensis Fiele stratum：C. duriuscula，Artemisia lavandulifolia，P. annua，G. wilfordii，A. vitifolia

Table 1

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