植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 550-561.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.008
李浙浙1,2, 张一丹1,2, 王波3, 王郑昊4, 王璐1,2, 程蓓蓓1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-03-22
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-07-03
通讯作者:
程蓓蓓
E-mail:beibei87613@126.com
作者简介:
李浙浙(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生理生态方面的研究工作。
基金资助:
Zhezhe LI1,2, Yidan ZHANG1,2, Bo WANG3, Zhenghao WANG4, Lu WANG1,2, Beibei CHENG1,2()
Received:
2023-03-22
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-07-03
Contact:
Beibei CHENG
E-mail:beibei87613@126.com
About author:
LI Zhezhe(1995—),male,master student,mainly engaged in research on plant physiology and ecology.
Supported by:
摘要:
为探究木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)在开花过程中的花色变化规律和pH、金属离子、水分含量等理化因素对木槿花色的影响,以‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿不同开放时期的花瓣为研究对象,通过色彩色差仪、离子发射光谱仪、高效液相色谱-质谱法等对木槿花瓣花色素的组成及其理化因子进行探究。结果表明:(1)在花色素的组成方面,两个品种的花瓣中共检测鉴定出槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷等10种类黄酮物质,在‘千丝绊’木槿中检测鉴定出锦葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷等5种花色苷,‘白色雪纺’中未检出花色苷。(2)在开放过程中花色亮度增加,色彩度降低,颜色分别从紫红色变为淡紫色,淡黄色变为白色。‘千丝绊’木槿在开花过程中,花色素的组成不变,各花色苷含量和总花色苷含量逐渐下降。(3)‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿中的花瓣pH均表现酸性,过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在不同时期间均表现显著性差异 (P<0.05),其中POD活性在‘千丝绊’木槿中均高于‘白色雪纺’木槿,而PPO活性则相反;钙离子和镁离子是木槿花瓣中含量最高的金属离子,铜、铁、锰、锌等金属离子在木槿花瓣中含量较低。(4)在相关性分析方面,在‘千丝绊’木槿开花过程中,色彩度C*与色相a*呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与钙离子、铁离子和锰离子都呈显著正相关(P<0.05);在‘白色雪纺’木槿开花过程中,色彩度C*与色相b*和PPO活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与色相a*呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。研究表明,花色苷是木槿花瓣花色变化的物质基础,花色变化过程除与花色苷含量相关外还与钙、铁、锰等金属离子含量等因素密切相关,PPO活性是促进白花品种黄酮类物质降解的潜在生化因素。
中图分类号:
李浙浙, 张一丹, 王波, 王郑昊, 王璐, 程蓓蓓. 木槿开花过程中花色素的变化规律及其影响因素[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(4): 550-561.
Zhezhe LI, Yidan ZHANG, Bo WANG, Zhenghao WANG, Lu WANG, Beibei CHENG. Changes and Influencing Factors of Anthocyanins in Hibiscus syriacus During Flowering[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(4): 550-561.
表1
‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿开花过程中花色表型特征
品种 Varieties | 时期 Stage | RHSCC | L* | a* | b* | C* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘白色雪纺’ | S1 | 150D | 45.30±1.31c | 45.00±1.00ab | -5.83±0.48a | 58.28±6.28a |
S2 | 150D | 45.62±3.57c | 56.00±6.56a | -9.69±0.75b | 47.84±0.80ab | |
S3 | 155C | 46.56±2.19c | 40.67±5.51b | -9.75±0.30b | 40.75±5.44bc | |
S4 | 155C | 53.05±2.83b | 31.33±12.70bc | -9.95±0.67b | 33.08±11.78c | |
S5 | 155C | 61.67±8.14a | 23.33±7.64c | -11.78±1.57c | 25.90±7.14d | |
‘千丝绊’ | S1 | 59B | 75.41±0.85c | -5.29±0.38d | 34.27±2.66a | 34.68±2.68a |
S2 | 61D | 80.01±4.50b | -3.54±0.17c | 21.27±1.71b | 21.56±1.70b | |
S3 | 62B | 86.00±0.67a | -2.62±0.18b | 12.52±2.16c | 12.80±2.15c | |
S4 | 68C | 80.90±0.67a | -1.95±0.06a | 7.06±0.64d | 7.32±0.63d | |
S5 | 69B | 88.26±0.28a | -2.07±0.07a | 8.03±0.52d | 8.29±0.53d |
表2
‘千丝绊’木槿花瓣中花色苷的液质结果
峰编号 No. | 保留时间/min retention time | 分子离子 Molecular ion | 碎片离子 Fragment ion | 推定结果 Presumption result |
---|---|---|---|---|
R | 11.40 | 465.10 | 303.05 | 飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside |
S | 13.20 | 449.10 | 287.05 | 矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside |
T | 13.95 | 479.11 | 317.06 | 牵牛花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Petunidin-3-O-glucoside |
X | 14.84 | 433.11 | 271.06 | 天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside |
Y | 16.30 | 493.13 | 331.08 | 锦葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Malvacin-3-O-glucoside |
表3
‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿花瓣中黄酮类物质的液质结果
峰编号 No. | 保留时间 retention time/min | 分子离子 Molecular ion | 碎片离子 Fragment ion | 推定结果 Presumption result |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 11.28 | 465.10 | 303.05 | 槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-glucoside |
B | 13.07 | 449.10 | 287.05 | 木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside |
C | 14.14 | 451.12 | 289.07、199.01 | 圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Sage phenol-7-O-glucoside |
N | 14.61 | 611.15 | 449.10、283.99 | 山奈酚-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-C-hexacarboglycoside |
D | 16.28 | 611.15 | 499.10 | 山奈酚-O-六碳糖-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-O-hexose-C-hexoside |
E | 16.66 | 595.16 | 433.11、313.07 | 芹菜素-C-二葡萄糖苷 Apigenin-C-diglucoside |
F | 17.13 | 611.15 | 499.10 | 木犀草素-3,7-二葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-3,7-diglucoside |
G | 19.90 | 579.16 | 433.11 | 芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷 Apigenin-7-O-rutoside |
H | 20.59 | 433.11 | 415.10、313.07 | 牡荆苷 Vitexin |
M | 23.83 | 449.10 | 287.05、198.86 | 山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-glucoside |
表4
‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿花瓣中黄酮类物质的质量分数
品种 Varieties | 成分 Component | 黄酮类物质质量分数 Contents of flavonoids/(μg·g-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | ||
千丝绊 | 槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-glucoside | 67.01±6.42a | 66.86±9.21a | 53.99±4.39b | 28.39±2.59c | 51.74±8.18b |
木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 63.98±3.65a | 68.76±3.82a | 38.42±14.81b | 24.08±2.48c | 64.04±2.07a | |
圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 344.43±6.56a | 300.39±15.44b | 225.26±21.63c | 149.18±2.05d | 166.89±4.96d | |
山奈酚-O-六碳糖-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-O-hexose-C-hexoside | 207.23±3.52b | 304.26±13.82a | 90.41±14.09e | 158.89±7.26d | 178.09±2.14c | |
芹菜素-C-二葡萄糖苷 Apigenin-C-diglucoside | 1 886.13±13.06a | 1 799.08±107.59a | 1 563.88±38.44b | 674.05±26.14d | 1 432.57±70.55c | |
木犀草素-3,7-二葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-3,7-diglucoside | 268.83±4.48a | 285.47±8.45a | 139.70±11.48c | 101.01±5.07d | 222.22±24.85b | |
芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷 Apigenin-7-O-rutoside | 179.94±13.02b | 209.29±22.08a | 127.37±6.12c | 102.17±12.23d | 125.15±1.49cd | |
牡荆苷Vitexin | — | — | — | — | — | |
山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-glucoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
山奈酚-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-C-hexacarboglycoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
白色雪纺 | 槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-glucoside | — | — | — | — | — |
木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
山奈酚-O-六碳糖-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-O-hexose-C-hexoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
芹菜素-C-二葡萄糖苷 Apigenin-C-diglucoside | 80 777.55±841.00a | 26 939.58±569.48b | 18 371.65±165.14cd | 19 392.76±867.51b | 17 316.14±199.53d | |
木犀草素-3,7-二葡萄糖苷 Luteolin-3,7-diglucoside | — | — | — | — | — | |
芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷 Apigenin-7-O-rutoside | 4 897.52±271.57a | 1 340.45±116.11bc | 1 469.38±126.01b | 1654.68±149.29b | 1 106.15±187.90c | |
牡荆苷Vitexin | 12 924.87±655.37a | 4 564.56±16.50b | 3463.82±83.80c | 3 638.05±104.47c | 2 546.00±287.30d | |
山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-glucoside | 778.58±115.04a | 240.49±28.50c | 439.77±27.55b | 471.58±27.08b | 293.13±6.93c | |
山奈酚-C-六碳糖苷 Kaempferol-C-hexacarboglycoside | 89.62±12.04bc | 119.11±1.01a | 91.59±19.77bc | 104.95±11.73ab | 78.28±12.86c |
表5
影响木槿开花过程的理化因子
品种 Varieties | 因子 Factor | 黄酮类物质质量分数 Contents of flavonoids/(μg·g-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | ||
白色雪纺 H. syriacus ‘White Chiffon’ | Ca2+/(mg·kg-1) | 1 791.50±691.01ab | 1 135.73±384.03b | 1 230.81±605.91ab | 1 162.02±530.39b | 2 222.61±473.99a |
Cu2+/(mg·kg-1) | 12.38±0.66a | 4.94±0.40c | 9.31±0.40b | 2.37±0.48d | 5.08±0.36c | |
Fe3+/(mg·kg-1) | 19.80±10.03c | 13.47±2.13c | 49.77±5.23b | 20.49±7.24c | 311.18±11.47a | |
Mg2+/(mg·kg-1) | 934.67±121.97a | 736.67±92.92b | 663.09±103.91b | 668.77±107.41b | 1126.01±105.79a | |
Mn2+/(mg·kg-1) | 17.66±10.59b | 10.62±5.67b | 15.22±8.83b | 12.59±8.29b | 58.94±7.99a | |
Zn2+/(mg·kg-1) | 9.74±2.23b | 7.16±0.62bc | 5.39±1.28c | 7.32±1.03bc | 17.46±1.71a | |
pH | 5.61±0.04a | 5.61±0.05a | 5.67±0.02a | 5.55±0.03b | 5.52±0.04b | |
PPO/(U·g-1·min-1) | 16.70±9.46a | 13.03±7.13ab | 5.47±1.34bc | 3.17±0.58c | 5.13±1.33bc | |
POD/(U·g-1·min-1) | 0.25±0.02c | 0.22±0.01c | 0.29±0.01bc | 0.44±0.18b | 0.61±0.06a | |
含水量Water content/% | 90.07±0.01a | 90.77±0.03a | 92.43±0.0.01a | 90.95±0.01a | 90.75±0.01a | |
总花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
千丝绊 | Ca2+/(mg·kg-1) | 2 457.49±524.94b | 2 017.72±295.50bc | 4 186.26±516.54a | 1 426.97±427.05c | 1 600.80±418.16c |
Cu2+/(mg·kg-1) | 8.16±0.75a | 2.83±0.18c | 5.75±1.89b | 3.22±0.37c | 4.39±1.44bc | |
Fe3+/(mg·kg-1) | 234.06±18.20b | 89.20±6.53c | 538.51±24.00a | 75.35±4.30c | 39.67±4.17d | |
Mg2+/(mg·kg-1) | 896.17±118.92ab | 720.32±44.57b | 1263.74±460.38a | 625.00±88.20b | 901.02±94.59ab | |
Mn2+/(mg·kg-1) | 31.32±7.56b | 19.81±4.78b | 87.70±37.58a | 17.51±6.87b | 13.31±5.97b | |
Zn2+/(mg·kg-1) | 20.22±1.78b | 12.66±0.44c | 32.29±8.51a | 13.04±0.86bc | 14.12±1.84bc | |
pH | 5.76±0.09a | 5.70±0.03ab | 5.64±0.01b | 5.68±0.07ab | 5.62±0.04b | |
PPO/(U·g-1·min-1) | 3.97±2.59a | 2.23±0.42a | 3.63±4.83a | 1.07±0.25a | 1.22±0.17a | |
POD/(U·g-1·min-1) | 0.34±0.06b | 0.47±0.07b | 0.39±0.06b | 0.40±0.03b | 1.26±0.64a | |
含水量Water content/% | 82.55±0.03b | 88.62±0.02a | 85.57±0.02ab | 88.53±0.03a | 87.83±0.01a | |
总花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content | 1.29±0.14a | 1.15±0.12a | 0.83±0.16b | 0.77±0.19b | 0.68±0.06b |
表6
影响因素与木槿开花过程中花色表型的相关性
品种 Varieties | 因子 | L* | a* | b* | C* | Ca2+ | Cu2+ | Fe3+ | Mg2+ | Mn2+ | Zn2+ | PPO活性 | POD活性 | pH | 含水量 Water content |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
千丝绊 | L* | 1 | |||||||||||||
a* | -0.479 | 1 | |||||||||||||
b* | -0.266 | 0.511 | 1 | ||||||||||||
C* | -0.442 | 0.923** | 0.147 | 1 | |||||||||||
Ca2+含量 | -0.273 | 0.441 | 0.018 | 0.516* | 1 | ||||||||||
Cu2+含量 | -0.139 | 0.025 | 0.521* | -0.164 | 0.481 | 1 | |||||||||
Fe3+含量 | -0.242 | 0.582* | 0.177 | 0.610* | 0.850** | 0.460 | 1 | ||||||||
Mg2+含量 | -0.150 | 0.117 | -0.111 | 0.205 | 0.931** | 0.582* | 0.699** | 1 | |||||||
Mn2+含量 | -0.210 | 0.494 | 0.046 | 0.563* | 0.991** | 0.455 | 0.890** | 0.898** | 1 | ||||||
Zn2+含量 | -0.198 | 0.436 | 0.110 | 0.479 | 0.963** | 0.590* | 0.915** | 0.906** | 0.972** | 1 | |||||
PPO活性 | 0.247 | -0.126 | 0.141 | -0.246 | -0.250 | -0.034 | -0.186 | -0.176 | -0.231 | -0.194 | 1 | ||||
POD活性 | 0.260 | -0.438 | -0.388 | -0.316 | -0.287 | -0.258 | -0.283 | -0.147 | -0.276 | -0.254 | -0.198 | 1 | |||
pH | 0.385 | -0.136 | -0.030 | -0.172 | -0.127 | -0.059 | -0.128 | -0.172 | -0.110 | -0.179 | 0.037 | -0.467 | 1 | ||
含水量 Water content | 0.229 | -0.004 | -0.162 | 0.115 | -0.108 | -0.124 | -0.054 | -0.117 | -0.07 | -0.042 | -0.449 | 0.249 | -0.012 | 1 | |
白色雪纺 | L* | 1 | |||||||||||||
a* | 0.798 | 1 | |||||||||||||
b* | -0.801 | -0.999** | 1 | ||||||||||||
C* | -0.801 | -0.999** | 1.000** | 1 | |||||||||||
Ca2+ | 0.267 | -0.095 | 0.072 | 0.073 | 1 | ||||||||||
Cu2+ | -0.357 | -0.777 | 0.756 | 0.756 | 0.245 | 1 | |||||||||
Fe3+ | 0.734 | 0.447 | -0.457 | -0.457 | 0.817 | -0.206 | 1 | ||||||||
Mg2+ | 0.211 | -0.134 | 0.120 | 0.121 | 0.979** | 0.170 | 0.806 | 1 | |||||||
Mn2+ | 0.642 | 0.344 | -0.358 | -0.357 | 0.886* | -0.130 | 0.991** | 0.874 | 1 | ||||||
Zn2+ | 0.402 | 0.161 | -0.173 | -0.172 | 0.931* | -0.114 | 0.916* | 0.952* | 0.956* | 1 | |||||
PPO活性 | -0.761 | -0.962** | 0.973** | 0.973** | 0.082 | 0.635 | -0.389 | 0.172 | -0.299 | -0.101 | 1 | ||||
POD活性 | 0.665 | 0.690 | -0.708 | -0.707 | 0.612 | -0.508 | 0.852 | 0.571 | 0.837 | 0.779 | -0.684 | 1 | |||
pH | -0.217 | -0.431 | 0.436 | 0.435 | -0.520 | 0.627 | -0.620 | -0.565 | -0.642 | -0.743 | 0.360 | -0.825 | 1 | ||
含水量 Water content | -0.035 | 0.206 | -0.159 | -0.161 | -0.480 | -0.655 | -0.175 | -0.304 | -0.241 | -0.189 | 0.037 | -0.057 | -0.117 | 1 |
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