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植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 550-561.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.04.008

• 生理与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

木槿开花过程中花色素的变化规律及其影响因素

李浙浙1,2, 张一丹1,2, 王波3, 王郑昊4, 王璐1,2, 程蓓蓓1,2()   

  1. 1.河北科技师范学院,秦皇岛 066000
    2.河北省特色园艺种质资源挖掘与创新利用重点实验室,秦皇岛 066000
    3.泰安市时代园林科技开发有限公司,泰安 271000
    4.泰安市徂徕山林场,泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-22 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 程蓓蓓 E-mail:beibei87613@126.com
  • 作者简介:李浙浙(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生理生态方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省草本植物种质资源普查(鲁财预指〔2021〕1号);河北省高校园艺作物育种应用技术研发中心项目(YF201404);河北省级专业学位研究生培养实践基地(202018);国家林业和草原局种质资源库(2005DKA210003);大学生创新创业训练项目(S202210798050)

Changes and Influencing Factors of Anthocyanins in Hibiscus syriacus During Flowering

Zhezhe LI1,2, Yidan ZHANG1,2, Bo WANG3, Zhenghao WANG4, Lu WANG1,2, Beibei CHENG1,2()   

  1. 1.Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066000
    2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization,Qinhuangdao 066000
    3.Tai’an Shidai Garden Technology Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Tai’an 271000
    4.Culaishan Forest Farm of Tai’an City,Tai’an 271000
  • Received:2023-03-22 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-03
  • Contact: Beibei CHENG E-mail:beibei87613@126.com
  • About author:LI Zhezhe(1995—),male,master student,mainly engaged in research on plant physiology and ecology.
  • Supported by:
    General Survey of Herbaceous Plant Germplasm Resources in Shandong Province(lcyz〔2021〕 No.1);Hebei University Horticultural Crop Breeding Application Technology Research and Development Center Project(YF201404);Hebei Provincial Professional Degree Graduate Training Practice Base(Tangshan botanical garden,202018);Germplasm Resource Bank of State Forestry and Grassland Administration(2005DKA210003);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202210798050)

摘要:

为探究木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)在开花过程中的花色变化规律和pH、金属离子、水分含量等理化因素对木槿花色的影响,以‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿不同开放时期的花瓣为研究对象,通过色彩色差仪、离子发射光谱仪、高效液相色谱-质谱法等对木槿花瓣花色素的组成及其理化因子进行探究。结果表明:(1)在花色素的组成方面,两个品种的花瓣中共检测鉴定出槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷等10种类黄酮物质,在‘千丝绊’木槿中检测鉴定出锦葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷等5种花色苷,‘白色雪纺’中未检出花色苷。(2)在开放过程中花色亮度增加,色彩度降低,颜色分别从紫红色变为淡紫色,淡黄色变为白色。‘千丝绊’木槿在开花过程中,花色素的组成不变,各花色苷含量和总花色苷含量逐渐下降。(3)‘千丝绊’和‘白色雪纺’木槿中的花瓣pH均表现酸性,过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在不同时期间均表现显著性差异 (P<0.05),其中POD活性在‘千丝绊’木槿中均高于‘白色雪纺’木槿,而PPO活性则相反;钙离子和镁离子是木槿花瓣中含量最高的金属离子,铜、铁、锰、锌等金属离子在木槿花瓣中含量较低。(4)在相关性分析方面,在‘千丝绊’木槿开花过程中,色彩度C*与色相a*呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与钙离子、铁离子和锰离子都呈显著正相关(P<0.05);在‘白色雪纺’木槿开花过程中,色彩度C*与色相b*和PPO活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与色相a*呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。研究表明,花色苷是木槿花瓣花色变化的物质基础,花色变化过程除与花色苷含量相关外还与钙、铁、锰等金属离子含量等因素密切相关,PPO活性是促进白花品种黄酮类物质降解的潜在生化因素。

关键词: 木槿, 花色, 花色素, 黄酮类物质, 影响因素

Abstract:

In order to explore the law of flower color change of Hibiscussyriacus during the flowering process and the influence of physical and chemical factors such as pH, metal ions and water content on its flower color, the composition and physicochemical factors of anthocyanins in the petals of H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ and ‘White Chiffon’ at different blossoming periods were studied respectively by the color chromato-meter, ion emission spectrometer and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that: (1)In terms of the composition of anthocyanins, 10 kinds of flavonoids such as Quercetin-3-glucoside, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and Santolol-7-O-glucoside were detected and identified in the petals of the two varieties, and 5 kinds of anthocyanins such as Mallorin-3-O-glucoside were detected and identified in the H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’, and no anthocyanins were detected in the H. syriacus ‘White Chiffon’. (2)In the process of blossoming, the brightness of the flower color increased, the color degree decreased, and the color changed from purplish red to lavender, and light yellow to white respectively. During the blossoming, the composition of anthocyanins remained unchanged, and the content of anthocyanins and total anthocyanins gradually decreased in H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’. (3)The pH of petals in H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ and ‘White Chiffon’ were both acidic, and the activities of Peroxidase(POD) and Polyphenol oxidase(PPO) showed significant difference in different periods. Among them, POD activity in H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’ was higher than that in H. syriacus ‘White Chiffon’, while PPO activity was the opposite; calcium and magnesium ions were the highest content of metal ions in H. syriacus petals, while copper, iron, manganese, zinc and other metal ions had low content in H. syriacus petals. (4)In terms of correlation analysis, during the blossoming of H. syriacus ‘Qiansiban’, the color degree C* was significantly positively correlated with hue a*, and significantly positively correlated with calcium ion, iron ion and manganese ion respectively; during the blossoming of H. syriacus ‘White Chiffon’, the color degree C* was significantly positively correlated with hue b* and PPO activity, and negatively correlated with hue a* respectively. The research showed that the anthocyanins were the material basis of flower color change of H. syriacus flower petals. Besides anthocyanin content, the flower color change process was also closely related to the content of calcium, iron, manganese and other metal ions. PPO activity was a potential biochemical factor to promote the degradation of flavonoids in white flower varieties.

Key words: Hibiscus syriacus, flower color, anthocyanins, flavonoids, influence factor

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