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植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 299-308.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.02.015

• 生理与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

地下水埋深对胡杨叶片光合作用及抗氧化物质积累的影响

代雅琦1, 刘艳萍1,3, 韩路2,3, 王海珍2,3,*   

  1. 1.塔里木大学生命科学学院,阿拉尔 843300
    2.塔里木大学植物科学学院,阿拉尔 843300
    3.新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-04 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 王海珍
  • 作者简介:代雅琦(1996—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物逆境生理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31660117);新疆生产建设兵团区域创新引导计划(2018BB047)

Yaqi Dai1, Yanping Liu1,3, Lu Han2,3, Haizhen Wang2,3,*   

  1. 1.College of Life Science,Tarim University,Alar 843300
    2.College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Alar 843300
    3.Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps,Alar 843300
  • Received:2021-03-04 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-02-22
  • Contact: Haizhen Wang
  • About author:Dai Yaqi(1996—),femal,master candidate,mainly engaged in physiological research of plant stress.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660117);Regional Innovation Guidance Plan of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2018BB047)

摘要:

以塔里木荒漠生态系统建群种—胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)为试材,研究胡杨光合气体交换参数、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质沿地下水埋深(GWD)梯度的变化规律,探讨胡杨适应干旱荒漠环境的生理生态机制。结果表明:(1)不同GWD条件下胡杨净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)的日变化均呈单峰型,而胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)日变化呈“V”型,PnGs变化同步,峰值均出现在12:00,而Tr峰值滞后PnGs 2 h。不同GWD间Pn峰值差异显著(P<0.05),TrGs峰值和Ci谷值在GWD为5.5 m极显著降低(P<0.01)。胡杨PnTrGsCi、水分利用效率(WUE)和光能利用效率(LUE)均随GWD增加而降低,其中Gs、LUE日均值在GWD为5.5 m显著降低(P<0.05),但不同GWD条件下PnTrCi、WUE日均值均无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)12:00—16:00胡杨Pn下降主要受气孔因素限制,16:00—20:00 Pn下降主要受非气孔因素限制;(3)通过对不同GWD条件下胡杨PnTr与生理生态因子进行相关、偏相关、逐步回归分析发现,Gs是影响胡杨PnTr的主要因子;不同GWD条件下胡杨调控PnTr的因子不同,GWD增加使胡杨Pn与光合有效辐射(PAR)、TrGs之间的相关性增强,表明GWD直接调控胡杨叶片水汽交换(Gs)过程;(4)胡杨叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均随GWD增加而增大,而可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量则降低,表明随GWD增加,胡杨叶片细胞膜透性和光合碳同化受抑增强,胡杨通过提高保护酶活性(POD、SOD)和渗透调节(Pro)能力协同抵御地下水位降低所带来的干旱胁迫,以维持基本正常的生理活动,这是胡杨适应荒漠区干旱生境的生理生态策略。

关键词: 胡杨, 地下水埋深, 气体交换, 渗透调节物质, 保护酶活性

Abstract:

In order to explore the eco-physiological mechanism of Populus euphratica Oliv adapting to the arid desert environment,P. euphratica Oliv. that the key species in the Tarim desert ecosystem was used as material. It was conducted to research the change of photosynthetic gas exchange, antioxidative enzyme activity and osmoregulation substances of P. euphratica grown at different groundwater depths(GWD). The results showed that:(1) the diurnal courses of net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal conductance(Gs) of P. euphratica under different GWD conditions showed the single peak curves respectively, while the diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 mole fraction(Ci) were the “V” curve, the valley value was significantly reduced at GWD=5.5 m(P<0.01) respectively. Pn and Gs changed synchronously, and the peak value appeared at 12:00, while the Tr peak value lagged 2 hours. The peak values of Pn in different GWD were significantly different(P<0.05), while the peak values of TrGs and Ci valley were significantly reduced in GWD=5.5 m(P<0.01) respectively. PnTrGs Ci, water-use efficiency(WUE) and light utilization efficiency(LUE) decreased with GWD increasing, and the daily mean value of Gs and LUE significantly decreased at GWD=5.5 m(P<0.05) respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the daily mean values of PnTrCi and WUE under different GWD conditions(P>0.05) respectively; (2)The decline of Pn in P. euphratica from 12:00-16:00 was mainly restricted by stomatal factors, while the decline of Pn from 16:00-20:00 was mainly limited by non-stomatal factors; (3)The relationship between eco-physiological factors and PnTr under different GWD conditions were analyzed with correlation, partial correlation and stepwise regression methods, it was found that Gs was the main factor affecting Pn and Tr of P. euphratica respectively. The correlation degree between Pn and photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), Tr and Gs were enhanced respectively with GWD increasing, indicating that GWD directly regulated the air-water exchange; (4)The malondialdehyde content(MDA), superoxide dismutase activity(SOD), peroxidase activity(POD) and free proline content(Pro) were increased respectively with GWD increasing, but the content of soluble protein(SP), soluble sugar(SS) were both decreased, which indicated that the cell membrane permeability and photosynthetic carbon assimilation were inhibited respectively with GWD increasing. P. euphratica enhanced the protective enzyme activity(POD, SOD) and osmoregulation content(Pro) to cooperate against drought stress caused by GWD increasing, and ensured to maintain the basic normal physiological activities. This was the eco-physiological strategy for P. euphratica to adapt arid desert environment.

Key words: Populus euphratica Oliv., groundwater depth, gas exchange, osmoregulation substances, protective enzyme activity

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