植物研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 344-353.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.03.004
收稿日期:
2020-05-18
出版日期:
2021-05-20
发布日期:
2021-03-24
通讯作者:
潘会堂
E-mail:htpan@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:
徐洋(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事园林植物栽培和育种研究。
基金资助:
Yang XU, Yu-Tong WU, Zheng-Tian ZHAO, Jian-Shuang SHEN, Qi-Xiang ZHANG, Hui-Tang PAN()
Received:
2020-05-18
Online:
2021-05-20
Published:
2021-03-24
Contact:
Hui-Tang PAN
E-mail:htpan@bjfu.edu.cn
About author:
XU Yang(1995—),male,master student,mainly engaged in cultivation and breeding of ornamental plants.
Supported by:
摘要:
为了阐明连翘属植物主要观赏性状和抗寒性的遗传特点,以金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’(Forsythia intermedia ‘Lynwood’)和东北连翘(F.mandschurica)杂交获得的F1代群体为研究对象,对杂交群体的花冠口直径、花裂片长度、抗寒性等12个表型性状进行测定,并对这些性状进行相关性分析和混合遗传模型分析。结果表明:金钟连翘与东北连翘杂交群体的表型性状变异丰富,各表型性状均出现大于高亲或小于低亲的超亲个体。除花裂片长度、花裂片宽度、叶片长度外,其他性状的变异度均超过15%,达到中等水平以上。各性状之间存在一定的相关性,其中抗寒性与着花密度呈极显著正相关,与花冠口直径、植株冠幅呈极显著负相关关系。混合遗传模型分析显示,花裂片长度、花裂片宽度、花裂片长宽比、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶片长宽比、当年生枝条长度、抗寒性由微效多基因控制,花冠口直径和植株冠幅由一对加性—显性主基因控制,着花密度由两对加性—显性主基因控制,株高由两对等加性—显性主基因控制。花冠口直径、冠幅、着花密度和株高的主基因遗传力分别为76.05%、60.3%、72.22%和64.75%。研究结果为定向培育综合性状优良的连翘新品种提供了依据。
中图分类号:
徐洋, 吴雨桐, 赵峥畑, 申建双, 张启翔, 潘会堂. 金钟连翘与东北连翘种间杂交F1代表型性状遗传分析[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(3): 344-353.
Yang XU, Yu-Tong WU, Zheng-Tian ZHAO, Jian-Shuang SHEN, Qi-Xiang ZHANG, Hui-Tang PAN. Genetic Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in F1 Hybrids of Forsythia intermedia×F.mandschurica[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(3): 344-353.
表1
金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’和东北连翘的主要性状
亲本名称 Parent name | 开花时间 Blooming time | 开花密度 Flower density | 花朵大小 Flower size | 叶片形状 Leaf shape | 株型 Plant type | 抗寒性 Cold resistance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
金钟连翘品种 ‘Lynwood’F. intermedia ‘Lynwood’ | 盛花期3月下旬 Full bloom in late March | 开花繁茂 Flowering profusely | 花朵大 Huge flowers | 椭圆形 Elliptical | 枝条长,枝端下垂 The branches are long and the branch end is pendulous | 抗寒性较弱 Weak cold resistance |
东北连翘 F. mandschurica | 盛花期3月中旬 Full bloom in mid-March | 开花稀疏 Flowering sparsely | 花朵较小 Petite flowers | 卵圆形 Oval | 枝条较短,株型直立,枝端不下垂 The branches are short,the plant type is erect, and the branch end is not pendulous | 抗寒性极强 Extremely cold resistant |
表2
金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’×东北连翘群体表型性状的描述性统计
性状 Traits | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 偏度 Skewness | 峰度 Kurtosis | 变异系数 CV(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花冠口直径Corolla diameter(mm) | 17.10 | 35.52 | 26.49 | 4.11 | -0.28 | -0.38 | 15.51 |
花裂片长度Corolla lobe length(mm) | 13.88 | 25.55 | 20.39 | 2.31 | 0.02 | -0.46 | 11.33 |
花裂片宽度Corolla lobe width(mm) | 4.63 | 9.70 | 6.88 | 0.99 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 14.43 |
花裂片长宽比Length-width ratio of corolla lobe | 1.72 | 4.40 | 3.02 | 0.50 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 16.59 |
着花密度(朵)Flower density | 6.00 | 28.00 | 11.50 | 4.12 | 1.79 | 4.33 | 35.81 |
叶片长度Leaf length(cm) | 4.61 | 10.93 | 8.05 | 1.10 | -0.22 | 0.73 | 13.69 |
叶片宽度Leaf width(cm) | 2.42 | 6.10 | 3.93 | 0.66 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 16.66 |
叶片长宽比Length-width ratio of leaf | 1.40 | 3.07 | 2.08 | 0.32 | 0.46 | -0.004 | 15.45 |
株高Plant height(cm) | 65.32 | 278.26 | 182.21 | 46.85 | -0.29 | -0.61 | 25.71 |
冠幅Crown width(cm) | 45.16 | 252.56 | 125.20 | 46.19 | 0.50 | -0.54 | 36.89 |
当年生枝条长度Shoot length(cm) | 2.03 | 16.83 | 8.63 | 2.52 | 0.02 | 0.68 | 29.16 |
抗寒性Cold resistance(℃) | -20.34 | -8.13 | -14.03 | 2.38 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 16.95 |
表3
金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’×东北连翘群体表型性状的遗传分析
性状Traits | 亲本 Parents | F1代与亲本比较 Comparison between F1 and parents (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本 Maternal ♀ | 父本 Paternal ♂ | 中亲值 Mid-Parents ˉP | 占中亲值 ˉX/ˉP | 小于低亲 Less than the low parent | 双亲之间 Between the parents | 大于高亲 Greater than the high parent | |
花冠口直径Corolla diameter(mm) | 31.58 | 29.01 | 30.30 | 87.43 | 74.80 | 13.39 | 11.81 |
花裂片长度Corolla lobe length(mm) | 21.97 | 18.89 | 20.43 | 99.80 | 28.35 | 41.73 | 29.92 |
花裂片宽度Corolla lobe width(mm) | 9.79 | 6.73 | 8.26 | 83.29 | 43.31 | 56.69 | 0.00 |
花裂片长宽比Length-width ratio of corolla lobe | 2.24 | 2.81 | 2.53 | 119.37 | 4.72 | 30.71 | 64.57 |
着花密度(朵)Flower density | 14.00 | 8.00 | 11.00 | 104.64 | 6.30 | 79.53 | 14.17 |
叶片长度Leaf length(cm) | 8.14 | 11.25 | 9.70 | 82.99 | 51.91 | 48.09 | 0.00 |
叶片宽度Leaf width(cm) | 3.61 | 6.22 | 4.92 | 79.88 | 33.59 | 66.41 | 0.00 |
叶片长宽比Length-width ratio of leaf | 1.81 | 2.25 | 2.03 | 102.46 | 21.37 | 47.33 | 31.30 |
株高Plant height(cm) | 306.67 | 171.33 | 239.00 | 76.24 | 40.00 | 60.00 | 0.00 |
冠幅Crown width(cm) | 357.92 | 144.23 | 251.07 | 49.87 | 66.15 | 33.85 | 0.00 |
当年生枝条长度Shoot length(cm) | 14.57 | 7.00 | 10.78 | 80.06 | 19.23 | 80.00 | 0.77 |
抗寒性Cold resistance(℃) | -14.20 | -20.91 | -17.56 | 79.90 | 0.00 | 48.89 | 51.11 |
表4
金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’×东北连翘群体表型性状的相关性分析
性状Traits | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2 | 0.515** | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
X3 | 0.364** | 0.162 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
X4 | 0.008 | 0.532** | -0.735** | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
X5 | -0.244** | -0.309** | -0.172 | -0.036 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
X6 | 0.095 | 0.262** | 0.086 | 0.096 | -0.240** | — | — | — | — | — | — |
X7 | -0.072 | -0.047 | 0.01 | -0.054 | -0.012 | 0.502** | — | — | — | — | — |
X8 | 0.167 | 0.276** | 0.074 | 0.131 | -0.209* | 0.378** | -0.598** | — | — | — | — |
X9 | 0.197* | 0.276** | 0.147 | 0.049 | -0.379** | 0.242** | -0.002 | 0.214* | — | — | — |
X10 | 0.418** | 0.464** | 0.314** | 0.036 | -0.472** | 0.136 | -0.171 | 0.323** | 0.590** | — | — |
X11 | 0.092 | 0.095 | 0.042 | 0.021 | -0.419** | 0.284** | 0.077 | 0.178* | 0.363** | 0.351** | — |
X12 | -0.337** | -0.187 | -0.043 | -0.048 | 0.286** | -0.112 | -0.171 | 0.093 | -0.166 | -0.293** | -0.096 |
表5
金钟连翘品种‘Lynwood’×东北连翘群体表型性状各种遗传模型的AIC值
模型Model | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0MG | 722.209 | 576.213 | 361.691 | 187.571 | 723.213 | 400.286 | 263.961 | 77.246 | 1 372.108 | 1 368.449 | 611.819 | 414.335 |
1MG-AD | 716.440 | 576.232 | 362.976 | 189.161 | 681.079 | 403.817 | 264.837 | 77.364 | 1 368.873 | 1 357.946 | 615.828 | 417.417 |
1MG-A | 724.191 | 576.705 | 363.691 | 189.568 | 725.215 | 402.294 | 265.972 | 79.240 | 1 370.278 | 1 367.114 | 613.827 | 416.342 |
1MG-EAD | 721.222 | 580.239 | 365.692 | 191.572 | 727.211 | 403.817 | 267.961 | 81.246 | 1 369.650 | 1 372.450 | 615.834 | 418.335 |
1MG-NCD | 721.222 | 580.239 | 365.692 | 191.572 | 727.211 | 403.817 | 267.961 | 81.246 | 1 369.650 | 1 372.450 | 615.834 | 418.335 |
2MG-ADI | 723.739 | 583.867 | 374.273 | 201.142 | 684.289 | 409.180 | 275.679 | 86.764 | 1 379.874 | 1 366.273 | 621.838 | 424.806 |
2MG-AD | 720.440 | 580.232 | 366.977 | 193.162 | 679.721 | 407.817 | 266.471 | 78.786 | 1 372.871 | 1 361.942 | 619.828 | 418.974 |
2MG-A | 726.180 | 578.590 | 365.696 | 191.568 | 727.215 | 404.294 | 267.986 | 81.236 | 1 370.795 | 1 364.430 | 615.828 | 418.342 |
2MG-EA | 724.196 | 578.199 | 363.689 | 189.567 | 725.217 | 402.295 | 265.966 | 79.240 | 1 374.091 | 1 370.433 | 613.827 | 416.337 |
2MG-CD | 721.229 | 580.226 | 365.692 | 191.573 | 727.211 | 403.831 | 267.962 | 81.247 | 1 368.962 | 1 372.450 | 615.832 | 418.336 |
2MG-EAD | 721.346 | 578.226 | 363.692 | 189.573 | 725.211 | 401.853 | 265.962 | 79.247 | 1 367.682 | 1 370.450 | 613.832 | 416.337 |
表6
入选模型的适合性检验
性状Traits | 模型Model | U12 | U22 | U32 | nW2 | Dn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1MG-AD | 0.000 0(0.998 7) | 0.000 0(0.997 9) | 0.000 3(0.986 8) | 0.030 6(P>0.05) | 0.043 0(P>0.05) |
X2 | 0MG | 0.011 4(0.914 9) | 0.010 0(0.920 4) | 0.662 5(0.415 7) | 0.123 2(P>0.05) | 0.071 0(P>0.05) |
X3 | 0MG | 0.118 3(0.730 8) | 0.211 3(0.645 7) | 0.256 5(0.612 6) | 0.083 0(P>0.05) | 0.067 7(P>0.05) |
X4 | 0MG | 0.102 0(0.749 5) | 0.125 0(0.723 7) | 0.031 4(0.859 3) | 0.087 9(P>0.05) | 0.071 4(P>0.05) |
X5 | 1MG-AD | 0.017 7(0.894 2) | 0.144 3(0.704 1) | 1.008 1(0.315 4) | 0.531 9(P<0.05) | 0.154 5(P<0.05) |
2MG-ADI | 0.006 9(0.933 7) | 0.002 8(0.957 6) | 0.012 0(0.912 8) | 0.542 2(P<0.05) | 0.154 1(P<0.05) | |
2MG-AD | 0.002 5(0.960 0) | 0.022 4(0.880 9) | 0.629 3(0.427 6) | 0.534 1(P<0.05) | 0.149 3(P<0.05) | |
X6 | 0MG | 0.043 1(0.835 6) | 0.003 5(0.952 8) | 1.082 7(0.298 1) | 0.100 6(P>0.05) | 0.076 8(P>0.05) |
X7 | 0MG | 0.200 7(0.654 2) | 0.207 8(0.648 5) | 0.007 9(0.929 4) | 0.119 9(P>0.05) | 0.071 8(P>0.05) |
X8 | 0MG | 0.179 5(0.671 8) | 0.101 4(0.750 2) | 0.134 7(0.713 6) | 0.075 6(P>0.05) | 0.055 5(P>0.05) |
X9 | 2MG-EAD | 0.001 0(0.974 7) | 0.012 7(0.910 2) | 0.329 4(0.566 0) | 0.033 7(P>0.05) | 0.055 6(P>0.05) |
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