常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花节律及营养效应研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.02.004

植物研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 192-199.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.02.004

常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花节律及营养效应研究

蒋政¹, 孙李勇¹, 刘旭¹, 刘晨妮¹, 尹增芳^1,2

1. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037;
2. 南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 南京 210037

收稿日期:2018-10-31 出版日期:2019-03-05 发布日期:2019-03-20
通讯作者: 尹增芳 E-mail:zfyin@njfu.edu.cn
作者简介:蒋政(1991-),男,博士研究生,主要从事植物发育生物学研究。
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20171451）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD）

Nutritional Effect and Rhythm of Spring and Summer Flowering in Magnolia soulangeana‘Changchun’

JIANG Zheng¹, SUN Li-Yong¹, LIU Xu¹, LIU Chen-Ni¹, YIN Zeng-Fang^1,2

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037;
2. College of biology and environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037

Received:2018-10-31 Online:2019-03-05 Published:2019-03-20
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171451);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为系统掌握常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花物候节律，探讨其与营养物质的关系，本研究以6年生常春二乔玉兰为试验材料，观测其年生长发育节律、春夏季开花物候特性以及茎段营养物质的含量变化。结果表明：（1）每年12月始至翌年2月下旬为常春二乔玉兰休眠期。2月下旬花芽膨大生长，并于3月开始春季开花，花期持续约20 d。4月进行营养生长，5月完成花芽分化。5月底部分花芽膨大并于6月开始开花，夏季花期持续约20 d。7~9月为未膨大花芽的发育滞缓期。此外，少量夏季开放的花的基部侧芽再次分化形成花芽。10~12月随着落叶的开始，树体逐渐进入休眠期。（2）常春二乔玉兰营养生长后分化的花芽能够花开两季。春季开花为先花后叶，开花率为100%，开花同步率较高，雌、雄蕊发育正常，为可育花。夏季开花为花叶同放，开花率约为30%，且开花同步率较低，开放的花内雌、雄蕊发育异常，为不育花。（3）春季开花期间可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白呈下降趋势，淀粉含量于开花后期下降；夏季开花期间可溶性糖和淀粉总体呈先降后升趋势，而可溶性蛋白总体呈下降趋势。综上所述，常春二乔玉兰春、夏季开花期内开花模式存在一定差异，其显著节律特征与营养物质含量变化有关，推测低水平的可溶性糖及高水平的淀粉和可溶性蛋白有利于春季开花的启动，而低水平的可溶性蛋白及高水平的可溶性糖和淀粉含量则有利于夏季开花的实现。

关键词: 常春二乔玉兰, 物候节律, 营养效应, 开花模式

Abstract: In order to systematically master the phenological rhythm of spring and summer flowering, and discuss its relationship with nutrients in Magnolia soulangeana ‘Changchun’, a six-year-old M.soulangeana ‘Changchun’ tree was taken as material, the annual growth and developmental rhythm, phenological characteristic of spring and summer flowering were observed, and the changes of nutrient content in the stem were tested. The results were: (1)The dormant period of M.soulangeana ‘Changchun’ was from December of this year to late February of the next year, and then its flower buds began to burst in the late February. The spring flowering lasted for 20 days in March. The vegetation growth began in April. The flower bud differentiation completed in May, and burst again at the end of May partly, followed by the summer flowering in June. The summer flowering period lasted for nearly 20 days. The developmental lag period of unexpanded flower buds was from July to September. In addition, a small amount of lateral buds at the base of flowers bloomed in summer were differentiated into flower buds. From October to December, as the leaves fallen off, the tree entered the dormant period gradually. (2)The flower buds of M.soulangeana ‘Changchun’ that differentiated after vegetative growth had ability to flowering twice in spring and summer. The spring flowering was characterized by anthesis posterior leaf, and the rate of flowering synchronization was high. The flowering rate of spring flowering was about 100%. Furthermore, the flowers were fertile with normal pistils and stamens. The summer flowering had the characteristic of flowering and leafing at the same time, but flowering synchronism was lower. The flowering rate of summer flowering was about 30%. Expressly, the flowers were sterile with abnormal pistils and stamens. (3)Soluble sugar and soluble protein were shown with a trend of descending among spring flowering, while starch content was decreased at the late flowering stage. And the contents of soluble sugar and starch were shown with a trend of first descending then rising, while the soluble protein content continued to decline during the summer flowering. Therefore, there were some differences in the spring and summer flowering pattern of M.soulangeana ‘Changchun’, which was related to changes of nutrients content. It was suggested that low levels of soluble sugar and high levels of starch and soluble protein were beneficial to the initiation of spring flowering, while low levels of soluble protein and high levels of soluble sugar and starch were contributed to the realization of summer flowering.

Key words: Magnolia soulangeana ‘Changchun’, phenological rhythm, nutritional effect, flowering pattern

中图分类号:

Q945.6

蒋政, 孙李勇, 刘旭, 刘晨妮, 尹增芳. 常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花节律及营养效应研究[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(2): 192-199.

JIANG Zheng, SUN Li-Yong, LIU Xu, LIU Chen-Ni, YIN Zeng-Fang. Nutritional Effect and Rhythm of Spring and Summer Flowering in Magnolia soulangeana‘Changchun’[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(2): 192-199.

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常春二乔玉兰春夏季开花节律及营养效应研究

Nutritional Effect and Rhythm of Spring and Summer Flowering in Magnolia soulangeana‘Changchun’

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