南药立体经营模式土壤质量综合评价

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选优化的南药立体经营模式，本试验选用适宜南方种植的4种药用植物，采用随机区组设计，在已有的杉木林下，构建4种林药立体经营模式，分别是杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）+梅叶冬青（Ilex asprella）+艾纳香模式（Blumea balsamifera）（简称SMA）、杉木+梅叶冬青+广金钱草（Desmodium styracifolium）模式（简称SMG），杉木+梅叶冬青+草珊瑚（Sarcandra glabra）模式（简称SMC），杉木+梅叶冬青模式（SM）），以杉木纯林（简称CK）为对照，分析不同模式内0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性变化，并运用主成分分析法综合评价模式对林地土壤质量的影响。结果表明（1）与对照（纯林）相比，4种林药模式下的土壤容重均显著下降，且随土层深度的增加而增加。0~20 cm土层各模式土壤容重降幅分别为：模式SMA13.4%、模式SMG 14.1%、模式SMC 20.8%和模式SM 22.3%、；20~40 cm土层的土壤容重各处理降幅为7.0%~15.5%。各模式土壤质量含水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度均显著提高（P<0.05），且随土层深度的增加而减小，0~20 cm土层，均是以模式SM最大，分别比对照提高54.9%、100.1%、88.6%、44.9%和36.8%；20~40 cm土层，均以模式SMG最大，分别是对照的61.5%、67.6%、69.7%、43.4%和44.0%。（2）0~20 cm土层pH呈下降趋势，降幅0.7%~6.2%，20~40 cm土层中各处理pH差异较大，但均未达到显著水平。除全钾外，其余土壤养分含量各模式均随着土层深度的增加而降低。0~20 cm土层中，有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮磷钾、交换性钙和镁以及阳离子交换量均以模式SMC含量最高，分别比对照提高79.7%、69.5%、30.3%、91.4%、279.4%、166.1%、91.6%、677.0%和70.3%。全钾含量以模式SMG最高，比对照增加了26.9%。（3）各处理土壤酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低。在0~20 cm土层中，与对照相比，各模式土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸活性差异显著（P<0.05），其中脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性以模式SMC活性最高，分别是对照的1.7倍和1.6倍，蔗糖酶活性各模式皆低于对照，降幅59.3%~69.4%；酸性磷酸酶活性模式SMA最高，比对照提高78.7%。20~40 cm土层中，各模式及对照间仅酸性磷酸酶活性差异达到显著水平。（4）南药立体经营模式对土壤质量影响的综合排序为，模式SMC（2.811）>模式SMG（1.293）>模式SMA（0.111）>模式SM（-1.544）>CK（-2.671）。

关键词: 南药, 立体经营, 土壤质量, 综合评价, 主成分分析

Abstract: In order to select optimum stereoscopic management patterns of southern medicine, we chose four kinds of medicinal plants which were suitable for growth in south area, using completely randomized block design to establish four agroforestry stereoscopic management patterns(SM, SMA, SMC, SMG) in 15-year old third generation Chinese fir plantation, and seven physical indexes, eleven chemical indexes and five enzyme activity indexes at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers were determined. By the principal component analysis, we evaluated the effect of these patterns on soil quality. Compared to control, four patterns can significantly reduce soil bulk density and increased with increasing soil depth. In 0-20 cm soil layer, soil bulk density dropped, respectively, SM by 22.3%, SMA by 13.4%, SMG by 14.1%, and SMC by 20.8% while decreased by 7.0%-15.5% in 20-40 cm soil layer. The soil mass water content, field moisture capacity, capillary moisture capacity, capillary porosity and total porosity were significantly increased(P<0.05) and decreased with increasing soil depth. The maximum of these indexes all appeared in SM, respectively, increased by 55.0%, 88.7%, 100.1% and 88.7% than control in 0-20 cm soil layer while in 20-40 cm soil layer was SMG, respectively, increased by 61.5%, 67.6%, 69.7%, 43.4% and 44.0%. In 0-20 cm soil layer, pH dropped by 0.7%-6.2%, while in 20-40 cm soil layer it did not reach significant levels among treatments. The soil nutrient content decreased with increasing soil depth. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available N, available P, available K, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and cation exchange capacity reached maximum in model SMC, and increased by 79.7%,69.5%, 30.3%, 91.4%, 30.3%, 166.1%, 91.6%, 166.1% and 91.6%, respectively. The highest content of total potassium appeared in SMG, increased by 26.9% than control, while in 20-40 cm soil layer, most chemical indicators between models did not reach significant differences except available potassium. As to the soil enzyme activity, in 0-20 cm soil layer, the activities of soil urease, invertase, polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphatase activity among models and control had significant difference(P<0.05). The activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase of SMC were highest, 1.7 and 1.6 times higher than that of control, respectively. The activity of invertase of models were lower than control, decreased by 59.3%-69.4%. The maximum of acid phosphatase activity appeared in SMA, which was 1.38 times of the control. In 20-40 cm soil layer, only acid phosphatase activity of models and control had significant difference(P<0.05), and it reached maximum in SMA, which increased by 78.7% than control. The descending order of improvement effect of four agroforestry stereoscopic management patterns on soil quality were SMC(2.811), SMG(1.293), SMA(0.111), SM(-1.544) and CK(-2.671).

Key words: southern medicine, stereoscopic management, soil quality, comprehensive evaluation, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S727.34

李晨晨, 周再知, 梁坤南, 黄桂华, 杨光. 南药立体经营模式土壤质量综合评价[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(5): 778-788.

LI Chen-Chen, ZHOU Zai-Zhi, LIANG Kun-Nan, HUANG Gui-Hua, YANG Guang. Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality on Agroforestry Stereoscopic Management Patterns of Southern Medicine[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(5): 778-788.

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