遮荫对黑茶藨子叶片形态结构和光合特性的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以黑茶藨子为试验材料，通过人工遮荫的方式，研究了不同遮荫强度（全光照、20%和60%遮荫）和遮荫时间（初期、中期和后期）对黑茶藨子叶片形态解剖结构和光合特性的影响。结果表明：（1）20%、60%遮荫处理的叶片厚度均显著低于全光照处理，上下表皮厚度则高于全光照处理；随着遮荫强度的加大，栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比值大小均呈减少趋势，随着遮荫时间的延长，呈增加趋势。（2）遮荫初期和中期，20%遮荫处理的叶片净光合速率（P_n）比全光照和60%遮荫处理的值略高，但差异并不显著（P>0.05），其蒸腾速率（T_r）、水分利用效率（WUE）也略有增加；但是，60%遮荫处理的叶片净光合速率（P_n）显著低于全光照处理（P<0.05）。遮荫后期，60%遮荫处理的叶片净光合速率（P_n）显著高于全光照处理，且水分利用效率（WUE）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）均显著高于全光照和20%遮荫处理。综上所述，遮荫处理导致叶片厚度减少，海绵组织比例增加，有利于减少透射光中的光量子丧失，提高光能利用效率；生长早期和中期作20%轻度遮荫处理，后期作60%中度遮荫处理能提高植株对光和水分的利用效率、维持较高的光合速率、延缓衰老。

关键词: 黑茶藨子, 遮荫, 光合特性, 解剖结构

Abstract: We studied the anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Ribes nigrum L. leaves under different shading degrees(full sunlight, 20%, 60% of shading degree) and different shading time(early, middle, and late). The thickness of leaf under 20% and 60% shading treatments were lower than that under full sunlight treatment with significant differences, and the epidermis thickness were higher in the opposite way. The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue decreased as the increase of shading degree, which increased with the extension of shading time. In early and middle shading stage, the photosynthetic rate(P_n) of 20% shading treatment was little higher than that under full sunlight treatment, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05), the transpiration rate(T_r) and water use efficiency(WUE) were changed in the same circumstances. The P_n of 60% shading treatments were lower than that under full sunlight treatment significantly(P<0.05). In late shading stage, the P_n of 60% shading treatments were significantly higher than that under full sunlight treatment(P<0.05), and the WUE, T_r and Stomatal Conductance(G_s) were higher than that under full sunlight and 20% shading treatment. Therefore, these changes of the anatomical structure were helpful for R.nigrum to improve the utilization of luminous energy, and different shading time resulted in the change of photosynthetic characteristics. With the photosynthetic characteristics and anatomical structure of R.nigrum leaves, the R.nigrum should be shadowed in different degrees(20% shading treatment in early and middle stage, 60% shading treatment in late stage) during the different stages, which can improve the efficiency of using light and water, maintain higher photosynthetic rate and retard the aging process.

Key words: Ribes nigrum L., shading, photosynthetic characteristics, anatomical structure

中图分类号:

Q945

李芯妍, 滕志远, 徐启江, 张会慧, 郑宝江. 遮荫对黑茶藨子叶片形态结构和光合特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(4): 521-528.

LI Xin-Yan, TENG Zhi-Yuan, XU Qi-Jiang, ZHANG Hui-Hui, ZHENG Bao-Jiang. Effects of Shading on Anatomical Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ribes nigrum L. Leaves[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(4): 521-528.

参考文献

1. Senters A E,Soltis D E. Phylogenetic relationships in Ribes(Grossulariaceae) inferred from ITS sequence data[J]. Taxon,2003,52(1):51-66.
2. 白超,祖洪元,黄玉敏. 中国黑加仑浆果资源开发[J]. 酿酒,2008,35(2):10-12.Bai C,Zu H Y,Huang Y M. Development of Chinese black curant berries resource[J]. Liquor Making,2008,35(2):10-12.
3. Tahvonen R L,Schwab U S,Linderborg K M,et al. Black currant seed oil and fish oil supplements differ in their effects on fatty acid profiles of plasma lipids,and concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids,plasma glucose and insulin[J]. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2005,16(6):353-359.
4. Takata R,Yamamoto R T,Yanai K T,et al. Immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide-rich substance with antitumor activity isolated from black currant(Ribes nigrum L.)[J]. Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2005,69(11):2042-2050.
5. Garbacki N,Tits M,Angenot L,et al. Inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves on carrageenin acute inflammatory reactions induced in rats[J]. BMC Pharmacology,2004,4:25.
6. 肖润林,王久荣,单武雄,等. 不同遮荫水平对茶树光合环境及茶叶品质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2007,15(6):6-11.Xiao R L,Wang J R,Shan W X,et al. Tea plantation environment and quality under different degrees of shading[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(6):6-11.
7. 杨礼旦,王安文. 粗壮女贞繁殖与栽培技术研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):181-182.Yang L D,Wang A W. The breeding and cultivating techniques of Ligustrum robustum[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):181-182.
8. 游文娟,张庆费,夏檑. 城市绿化植物叶片结构对光强的响应[J]. 西北林学院学报,2008,23(5):22-25,33.You W J,Zhang Q F,Xia L. Responses of Leaf Structure of Urban Greening Plants to Different Light Conditions[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(5):22-25,33.
9. 杨兴洪,陈翠容,施培. 遮荫对棉花茎叶解剖结构的影响[J]. 山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,31(4):373-377.Yang X H,Chen C R,Shi P. Effects of shading on the anatomical structure of cotton leaf and stem[J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science,2000,31(4):373-377.
10. 蔡永立,宋永昌. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林藤本植物的适应生态学Ⅰ. 叶片解剖特征的比较[J]. 植物生态学报,2001,25(1):90-98.Cai Y L,Song Y C. Adaptive ecology of lianas in Tiantong evergreen broad-leaved forest,Zhejiang,China Ⅰ. Leaf anatomical characters[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(1):90-98.
11. 董如磊,喻方圆,欧阳献. 遮荫对东京野茉莉幼苗叶片形态和解剖结构的影响[J]. 江西农业大学学报,2010,32(5):974-981.Dong R L,Yu F Y,Ouyang X. Effects of Shading Treatments on Leaf Morphology and Anatomical Structure of Styrax tonkinensis Seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2010,32(5):974-981.
12. 张建新,方依秋,丁彦芬,等. 蕨类植物的叶绿素、光合参数与耐荫性[J]. 浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2011,37(4):413-420.Zhang J X,Fang Y Q,Ding Y F,et al. Chlorophyll contents,photosynthetic parameters,and shade tolerance of ferns[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences,2011,37(4):413-420.
13. 吴正锋,王才斌,李新国,等. 苗期遮荫对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)光合生理特性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2009,29(3):1366-1373.Wu Z F,Wang C B,Li X G,et al. Effects of shading at seedling stage on photosynthetic characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. leaves[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1366-1373.
14. Ellsworth D S,Reich P B. Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest[J]. Oecologia,1993,96(2):169-178.
15. 张莹,常昊,邓昌伟,等. 遮阴对彩色马蹄莲光合速率及相关指标的影响[J]. 山西农业科学,2015,43(1):14-16.Zhang Y,Chang W,Deng C W,et al. Studies on the Effects of Shading on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Zantedeschia[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(1):14-16.
16. 王瑞,丁爱萍,杜林峰,等. 遮荫对12种阴生园林植物光合特性的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报,2010,29(3):369-374.Wang R,Ding A P,Du L F,et al. Effect of shading on photosynthetic characteristics of 12 species of shade garden plant[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(3):369-374.
17. 吕晋慧,王玄,冯雁梦,等. 遮荫对金莲花光合特性和叶片解剖特征的影响[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(19):6033-6043.Lü J H,Wang X,Feng Y M,et al. Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and anatomical structure of Trollius chinensis Bunge[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6033-6043.
18. 郝日明,李晓征,胡金良. 遮荫处理下多脉青冈和金叶含笑的叶解剖结构变化研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1083-1088.Hao R M,Li X Z,Hu J L. Leaf structural change of Cyclobalanopsis multinervis and Michelia foveolata after shaded treatment[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2005,25(6):1083-1088.
19. Murchie E H,Horton P. Contrasting patterns of photosynthetic acclimation to the light environment are dependent on the differential expression of the responses to altered irradiance and spectral quality[J]. Plant,Cell & Environment,1998,21(2):139-148.
20. 胡文海,张斯斯,肖宜安,等. 两种杜鹃花属植物对长期遮阴后全光照环境的生理响应及其光保护机制[J]. 植物生态学报,2015,39(11):1093-1100.Hu W H,Zhang S S,Xiao Y A,et al. Physiological responses and photo-protective mechanisms of two Rhododendron plants to natural sunlight after long term shading[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(11):1093-1100.
21. 段宝利,吕艳伟,尹春英,等. 高光和低光下木本植物形态和生理可塑性响应(英文)[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(2):238-245.Duang B L,Lü Y W,Yin C Y,et al. Morphological and physiological plasticity of woody plant in response to high light and low light[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,11(2):238-245.
22. 覃凤飞,李强,崔棹茗,等. 越冬期遮阴条件下3个不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿品种叶片解剖结构与其光生态适应性[J]. 植物生态学报,2012,36(4):333-345.Qin F F,Li Q,Cui Z M,et al. Leaf anatomical structures and ecological adaptabilities to light of three Alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies under shading during overwintering[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(4):333-345.
23. 刘峄,张婷,岳婉婷,等. 遮荫对海姆维斯蒂栒子叶片解剖结构及生长量的影响[J]. 广东农业科学,2014,41(7):59-61.Liu Y,Zhang T,Yue W T,et al. Influence of shading on the leaf anatomical structure and growth increment of Cotonester hjelmqvistii Flinck and Turcz[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(7):59-61.
24. 易立,胡晓颖,韦霄,等. 遮荫对南美蟛蜞菊、蟛蜞菊及其自然杂交种叶片显微结构及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 广西植物,2014,34(1):19-26.Yi L,Hu X Y,Wei X,et al. Effects of shade on the leaf microstructure and chloroplast ultrastructure of the invasive Wedelia trilobata,the native W. chinensis and their hybrid[J]. Guihaia,2014,34(1):19-26.
25. 王学文,王玉钰,付秋实,等. 弱光逆境对番茄幼苗形态、生理特征及叶片超微结构的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2009,24(5):144-149.Wang X W,Wang Y J,Fu Q S,et al. Effects of low light stress on morphological trait,physiological characters and leaf ultrastructure of Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinica,2009,24(5):144-149.
26. Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
27. Rylski I,Spigelman M. Effect of shading on plant development,yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown under conditions of high temperature and radlation[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,1986,29(1-2):31-35.
28. Poorter H. Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to an elevated ambient CO₂ concentration[J]. Vegetatio,1993,104-105(1):77-97.

[1]	康莹, 潘晶晶, 陈建华, 刘权钢, 董胜君. 金叶复叶槭叶片色素与解剖结构[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(4): 591-600.
[2]	吴青松, 刘英卉, 李硕, 李盼盼, 张友民. 乌苏里鼠李茎叶的解剖结构及其生态适应性[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(3): 461-469.
[3]	魏春燕, 李月灵, 金则新, 罗光宇, 陈超, 单方权. 遮荫对七子花幼苗光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 1096-1105.
[4]	曹小路, 赵巧竹, 幸华, 栗孟飞. 桃儿七种子解剖结构及其萌发生长期形态特征[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 746-752.
[5]	朱凯琳, 李嘉宝, 陈昕. 龙苍沟国家森林公园7种花楸属植物的叶解剖特征及其环境适应性[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(2): 174-183.
[6]	袁秀云, 许申平, 周一冉, 王喜蒙, 崔波. 遮荫对白及形态及叶片结构的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 974-981.
[7]	赵弘益, 管珏镧, 张雪媛, 梁清, 张健, 胡红玲. 土壤镉胁迫对檫木光合特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(4): 506-513.
[8]	张玲, 张东来. 遮荫条件下黄檗生长和生理响应的性别差异研究[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(5): 735-742.
[9]	吴建慧, 范卫芳, 牛喆, 张静, 高鹏飞, 李文. 外源茉莉酸甲酯对干旱胁迫下狭叶黄芩光合和生理特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(3): 360-367.
[10]	乔滨杰, 王德秋, 高海燕, 李召珉, 葛丽丽, 丁文雅, 赵曦阳. 干旱胁迫下杨树无性系苗期光合与气孔形态变异研究[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(2): 177-188.
[11]	李冬林, 金雅琴, 崔梦凡, 黄琳曦, 裴文慧. 遮荫对香果树叶片生理特性及叶肉细胞超微结构的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 29-40.
[12]	胡举伟, 代欣, 宋涛, 孙广玉. 不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(4): 481-489.
[13]	万雪冰, 王庆贵, 闫国永, 邢亚娟. 天然次生林植物叶片生态化学计量特征及光合特性对长期N沉降的响应[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(3): 407-420.
[14]	张腾驹, 陈小红, 刘静, 康喜坤. 四川省不同天然种群珙桐叶片解剖结构与其耐热性的关系[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(2): 208-221.
[15]	艾菲热;阿布都艾尼, 陈秋艳, 王虹, 耿若楠, 吴玉环. 冰川退缩地15种丛藓科植物茎的比较结构学观察[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(1): 1-9.