干旱胁迫对入侵种大狼把草及本地伴生种山莴苣叶片光合特性的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以入侵种大狼把草（Bidens frondosa）和本地伴生种山莴苣（Lactuca indica）为试验材料，采用温室控制实验，设定轻度干旱（LD）、中度干旱（MD）、重度干旱（SD）和正常灌水（CK）4个处理，对两个物种的最大净光合速率（P_max）、光饱和点（LSP）、暗呼吸速率（R_d）、潜在最大光合速率（A_max）、无CO₂时的光下呼吸（R_P）、Rubisco最大羧化速率（V_cmax）、RuBP最大再生速率（J_max）等气体交换参数以及光合色素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）含量的变化进行了比较研究。结果表明，不同程度干旱胁迫下，两个物种各参数的变化趋势基本一致，但入侵种大狼把草大部分参数值的变化幅度显著低于伴生种山莴苣，甚至在重度干旱胁迫下，山莴苣地上死亡，并且复水后难以恢复。干旱胁迫下，大狼把草光合作用下降的主要原因为气孔限制，而山莴苣则为非气孔限制。相对于本地种山莴苣，入侵种大狼把草在相同的呼吸消耗（R_d）下具有更高的呼吸效率（RE），能够积累更多的光合作用产物；其更高的光呼吸速率（R_p），可保护光合机构免受伤害；在干旱胁迫下大狼把草能够保持更高的光化学反应和RuBP的羧化能力，可维持更高的光合作用能力。可见，入侵种大狼把草和本地种山莴苣的光合特征对干旱胁迫的响应趋势基本一致，但大狼把草具有更强的极端干旱耐受性和复水恢复能力，显示了更好的干旱适应性，将有助于其入侵。

关键词: 入侵种, 大狼把草, 干旱胁迫, 光合特性, 入侵力

Abstract: We comparatively studied the changes of the gas exchange parameters including the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_max), light saturation point(LSP), dark respiratory rate(R_d), potential maximum photosynthetic rate(A_max), light photorespiration(R_P), the maximum carboxylation rate of rubisco(V_cmax), the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration(J_max) and the contents of photosynthetic pigments of invasive Bidens frondosa and its native associated Lactuca indica to the drought stress including light drought stress(LD), moderate drought stress(MD), severe drought stress(SD) and normal irrigation(CK) in a greenhouse pot experiment. The variation trends of different parameters of two plants were in substantial agreement, however the changing amplitude for invasive B.frondosa was significantly lower than that for its associated L.indica, and even the aboveground part of L.indica died and couldn't recover after rehydration under severe drought stress. Under drought stress, the main reason of the photosynthesis decrease was stomata limitation for B.frondosa, but non-stomata limitation for L.indica. Compared with L.indica, B.frondosa had higher respiration efficiency(RE), which was helpful for more accumulation of photosynthetic products, the higher light photorespiration(R_P) could protect photosynthetic apparatus from harm, and it could hold higher abilities of photochemical reaction and carboxylation rate of RuBP under drought stress, maintaining higher photosynthetic ability. The responding trends of invasive B.frondosa and its native associated L.indica were in substantial agreement, but B.frondosa had stronger extreme drought tolerance ability and watering revovery ability with better adaptation to drought, which would be helpful for its invasion.

Key words: invasive species, Bidens frondosa, drought stress, photosynthetic characteristics, invasiveness

中图分类号:

S685.26

闫小红, 周兵, 胡文海, 王宁, 尹增芳. 干旱胁迫对入侵种大狼把草及本地伴生种山莴苣叶片光合特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2016, 36(6): 931-941.

YAN Xiao-Hong, ZHOU Bing, HU Wen-Hai, WANG Ning, YIN Zeng-Fang. Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics in Leaves of Invasive Bidens frondosa and its Native Associated Lactuca indica[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(6): 931-941.

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