植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 943-952.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.016
唐媛媛1, 邓福英2, 赵筱青2(), 黄佩1, 陶俊逸2, 周世杰2, 储博程3
收稿日期:
2023-04-22
出版日期:
2023-11-20
发布日期:
2023-11-08
通讯作者:
赵筱青
E-mail:xqzhao@ynu.edu.cn
作者简介:
唐媛媛(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物多样性方面研究工作。
基金资助:
Yuanyuan TANG1, Fuying DENG2, Xiaoqing ZHAO2(), Pei HUANG1, Junyi TAO2, Shijie ZHOU2, Bocheng CHU3
Received:
2023-04-22
Online:
2023-11-20
Published:
2023-11-08
Contact:
Xiaoqing ZHAO
E-mail:xqzhao@ynu.edu.cn
About author:
TANG Yuanyuan(1999—),female,postgraduate student,mainly engaged in plant diversity research work.
Supported by:
摘要:
为回答桉树(Eucalyptus)引种对植物多样性有无影响的争议问题,以云南省桉树大规模集中引种区澜沧县桉树林为研究对象,将次生常绿阔叶林、人工思茅松(Pinus kesiya)林作为参照林,各设置6组对比样地,划分植物为不同功能群,比较分析桉树林与参照林林下各功能群的物种组成特征和物种多样性指数的差异,研究桉树引种对林下植物功能群的物种组成及其多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)桉树林替代次生常绿阔叶林后,会增加暖性-阳生-中生功能群的物种数量,减少温性-阴生-喜湿功能群的物种数量;而桉树林替代人工思茅松林后,会增加温性-阴生-喜湿功能群的物种数量,减少暖性-阳生-中生功能群的物种数量。(2)桉树林替代两种参照林后,林下植物种类组成及重要值改变,紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)占据暖性-阳生-中生功能群的绝对优势地位,荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)占据温性-阴生-喜湿功能群的绝对优势地位。(3)桉树林替代两种参照林后,林下暖性-阳生-中生功能群的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数显著降低(P<0.05),而对温性-阴生-喜湿功能群的各物种多样性指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。总之,桉树引种改变了林下植物功能群的物种组成,对不同植物功能群的物种多样性影响不同。
中图分类号:
唐媛媛, 邓福英, 赵筱青, 黄佩, 陶俊逸, 周世杰, 储博程. 桉树引种对林下植物功能群的物种组成及其多样性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(6): 943-952.
Yuanyuan TANG, Fuying DENG, Xiaoqing ZHAO, Pei HUANG, Junyi TAO, Shijie ZHOU, Bocheng CHU. Effects of Eucalyptus Introduction on Species Composition and Diversity of Understory Plant Functional Groups[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 943-952.
表1
样地概况
森林类型 Forest type | 样地号 Plot number | 东经 Longitude/(°) | 北纬 Latitude/(°) | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡向 Aspect | 坡位 Slope position | 坡度 Gradient/(°) | 乔木层盖度 Tree layer coverage/% | 灌草层盖度 Shrubs and herb layer coverage/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | E1 | 99.931 556 | 22.622 658 | 1 629 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中下坡 Middle downhill | 25.1 | 85 | 25 |
E2 | 100.054 689 | 22.362 786 | 1 559 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 16.0 | 90 | 20 | |
E3 | 100.208 083 | 22.726 028 | 1 397 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 上坡 Uphill | 28.0 | 80 | 10 | |
E4 | 100.086 972 | 23.085 528 | 1 970 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中上坡 Middle uphill | 35.0 | 70 | 40 | |
E5 | 100.086 750 | 23.086 139 | 2 020 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 中上坡 Middle uphill | 34.0 | 60 | 40 | |
E6 | 100.204 564 | 22.735 194 | 1 350 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 26.0 | 40 | 20 | |
桉树林 (原为次生常绿阔叶林) Eucalyptus forest (originally secondary evergreen broad- leaved forest) | A1 | 99.924 469 | 22.629 253 | 1 585 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 15.5 | 40 | 90 |
A2 | 100.055 467 | 22.362 050 | 1 555 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 16.0 | 35 | 85 | |
A3 | 100.216 972 | 22.714 333 | 1 330 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 22.0 | 60 | 90 | |
A4 | 100.084 889 | 23.104 056 | 2 050 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 上坡 Uphill | 12.0 | 60 | 80 | |
A5 | 100.088 472 | 23.086 028 | 2 040 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 20.0 | 60 | 85 | |
A6 | 100.216 750 | 22.713 694 | 1 314 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 14.0 | 60 | 60 | |
人工思茅松林 Artificial Simao pine forest | P1 | 100.156 289 | 22.888 119 | 1 293 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 上坡 Uphill | 25.0 | 40 | 60 |
P2 | 100.102 133 | 23.062 939 | 1 935 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 上坡 Uphill | 19.0 | 70 | 85 | |
P3 | 100.103 644 | 23.060 875 | 1 902 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 14.0 | 45 | 60 | |
P4 | 100.154 189 | 22.891 183 | 1 215 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 19.0 | 65 | 60 | |
P5 | 100.195 417 | 22.891 556 | 1 600 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 13.0 | 60 | 50 | |
P6 | 100.185 861 | 22.899 139 | 1 420 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 32.0 | 10 | 50 | |
桉树林 (原为人工思茅松林) Eucalyptus forest (originally artificial Simao pine forest) | A7 | 100.155 778 | 22.888 150 | 1 276 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 上坡 Uphill | 21.0 | 45 | 30 |
A8 | 100.104 211 | 23.064 783 | 1 887 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 19.0 | 60 | 80 | |
A9 | 100.105 139 | 23.052 694 | 2 040 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 20.0 | 60 | 85 | |
A10 | 100.156 144 | 22.887 831 | 1 277 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 29.0 | 40 | 80 | |
A11 | 100.193 472 | 22.889 778 | 1 590 | 阴坡 Shady slope | 中坡 Middle slope | 18.0 | 60 | 40 | |
A12 | 100.192 056 | 22.890 628 | 1 573 | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 上坡 Uphill | 19.0 | 50 | 20 |
表2
植物功能群划分系统
生态适应特征 Ecological adaptation | 分类 Classification |
---|---|
生长型 Growth form | 常绿乔木/落叶乔木/常绿灌木/落叶灌木/一年生草本/多年生草本/木质藤本/草质藤本/蕨类植物 Evergreen trees/deciduous trees/evergreen shrubs/deciduous shrubs/annual herbs/perennial herbs/ woody vines/herbaceous vines/fern plant |
温度 Temperature | 凉温/温性/暖性/亚高温/高温 Slightly cool/mild and warm/slightly warm/sub-high temperature/high temperature |
光照 Illumination | 阴生/半阴生/半阳生/阳生 Oviparous/ovoviviparous/viviparous/placental |
水分 Moisture | 耐旱/中生/喜湿 Drought-tolerant/mesophilic/moisture-loving |
表3
各植物功能群的科、属、种数量
森林类型 Forest type | 暖性-阳生-中生功能群 Warm-sun-medium functional group | 温性-阴生-喜湿功能群 Warm-shade-wet functional group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | |
次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | 34 | 51 | 60 | 28 | 33 | 38 |
桉树林(原为次生常绿阔叶林) Eucalyptus forest(originally secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest) | 32 | 65 | 69 | 25 | 32 | 34 |
人工思茅松林 Artificial Simao pine forest | 41 | 70 | 78 | 20 | 28 | 29 |
桉树林(原为人工思茅松林) Eucalyptus forest(originally artificial Simao pine forest) | 36 | 63 | 69 | 25 | 34 | 36 |
表4
不同林地各植物功能群的优势种及其重要值
植物功能群 Plant functional group | 森林类型 Forest type | 优势种及其重要值 Dominant species and their important values(>5%) |
---|---|---|
暖性-阳生- 中生功能群 Warm-sun-medium functional group | 次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | 杯状栲(Castanopsis calathiformis)17.42%、水锦树(Wendlandia uvariifolia)6.09%、木姜子(Litsea pungens)5.66% |
桉树林(原为次生常绿阔叶林) Eucalyptus forest(originally secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest) | 紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)44.31%、飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)5.59% | |
人工思茅松林 Artificial Simao pine forest | 紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)25.51%、印度锥(Castanopsis indica)6.86%、水锦树(Wendlandia uvariifolia)5.74%、干花豆(Fordia cauliflora)5.47% | |
桉树林(原为人工思茅松林) Eucalyptus forest (originally artificial Simao pine forest) | 紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)41.21%、飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)8.95%、水锦树(Wendlandia uvariifolia)7.20% | |
温性-阴生- 喜湿功能群 Warm-shade-wet functional group | 次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | 铁芒萁(Dicranopteris linearis)36.39%、山姜(Alpinia japonica)7.03%、荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)5.89%、粉背菝葜(Smilax hypoglauca)5.14% |
桉树林(原为次生常绿阔叶林) Eucalyptus forest(originally secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest) | 荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)39.07%、鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris chinensis) 11.03%、岗柃(Eurya groffii)5.33% | |
人工思茅松林 Artificial Simao pine forest | 刚莠竹(Microstegium ciliatum)40.29%、荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)9.93%、斑鸠菊(Strobocalyx esculenta)7.45%、马醉木(Pieris japonica)6.38% | |
桉树林(原为人工思茅松林) Eucalyptus forest (originally artificial Simao pine forest) | 荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)29.54%、刚莠竹(Microstegium ciliatum)22.07%、莎草(Cyperus rotundus)6.04% |
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