镉胁迫下铵态氮对红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)生理生态特征的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市红树林湿地面临重金属污染和营养元素过量输入的环境问题。其中，镉（Cd）污染具有较高的生态风险，而铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）是红树林湿地沉积物中氮素的主要赋存形态。本论文采用盆栽实验研究了镉（Cd）胁迫下铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）对红树植物秋茄（Kandelia obovata）生理生态特征的影响，包括生物量、叶光合参数（净光合速率P_n，气孔导度G_s，胞间CO₂浓度C_i和蒸腾速率E）、叶丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖含量以及根系活力。结果表明：（1）在单Cd胁迫下，秋茄生物量和蒸腾速率（E）显著降低，但根系活力在较高的单Cd胁迫下显著增加；（2）Cd胁迫下，低浓度NH₄⁺-N显著增加秋茄根生物量，但对地上生物量（Cd3处理的叶和Cd1处理的茎除外）和光合作用（P_n、G_s和E）的促进作用不显著；高浓度NH₄⁺-N显著抑制了生物量和光合作用（P_n、G_s和E）；（3）在Cd1处理下，根系活力随NH₄⁺-N胁迫的增强呈先升高后降低的趋势；在Cd2和Cd3处理下，NH₄⁺-N显著降低了根系活力；（4）Cd胁迫下，低浓度NH₄⁺-N对叶MDA（表征氧化损伤）和叶可溶性糖含量（表征渗透调节）的抑制不显著，高浓度NH₄⁺-N显著降低了MDA和可溶性糖的含量。因此，较低浓度的NH₄⁺-N能够缓解Cd对秋茄地下根的毒害，对地上部分的缓解作用有限；高浓度NH₄⁺-N会与Cd产生协同的复合胁迫，加重对秋茄的毒害。

关键词: 重金属, 营养元素, 红树植物, 光合作用

Abstract: The heavy metal pollution and excess input of nutrient elements become two important environmental problems in mangrove forest. The ecological risk of cadmium(Cd) is relatively high, and ammonium nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N) is the main speciation of nitrogen in sediment of mangrove. In order to clarify the growth and physiological characteristics of Kandelia obovata under combined stresses of Cd and NH₄⁺-N, pot experiments were conducted. Plant growth, leaf photosynthetic parameters(photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i) and transpiration rate(E)), leaf malondialdehyde(MDA), leaf soluble sugar, and root activity were determined. The results showed that:(1)Plant growth and leaf transpiration rate(E) of K.obovata decreased under single Cd stress, with root activity to be reduced under higher single Cd stress; (2)Under Cd stress, low concentration of NH₄⁺-N significantly improved growth of root, but did not significantly improved growth of aboveground part, and leaf photosynthesis(P_n, G_s and E); while high concentration of NH₄⁺-N significantly reduced plant growth, and leaf photosynthesis(P_n, G_s and E); (3)Under Cd1 treatment, root activity first increased and then decreased with increasing NH₄⁺-N concentration; while reduced root activity were shown under Cd2 and Cd3 treatments with NH₄⁺-N supply; (4)Under Cd stress, low concentration of NH₄⁺-N did not significantly reduce content of malondialdehyde(indicative of oxidative damage) and soluble sugar(indicating osmotic adjustment), while high concentration of NH₄⁺-N significantly reduced the content of MDA and soluble sugar. Therefore, the lower concentration of NH₄⁺-N can alleviate the Cd toxicity to root, with limited emission on aboveground part; while high concentration of NH₄⁺-N and Cd combined stress would have a synergistic effect to aggravate Cd toxicity to K.obovata.

Key words: heavy metal, nutrient element, mangrove plant, photosynthesis

中图分类号:

Q949.761.7

李荣玉, 邱国玉, 沈小雪, 柴民伟. 镉胁迫下铵态氮对红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)生理生态特征的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2018, 38(5): 653-660.

LI Rong-Yu, QIU Guo-Yu, SHEN Xiao-Xue, CHAI Min-Wei. Effects of Ammonium Nitrogen on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Kandelia obovata under Cadmium Stress[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(5): 653-660.

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