盐碱池塘水生大型植物的研究

植物研究 ›› 2001, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 140-146.

盐碱池塘水生大型植物的研究

赵文¹, 董双林¹, 申屠青春¹, 张兆琪¹, 戴昀娣²

1. 青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖开放研究实验室, 青岛 266003;
2. 吉林农业大学食品工程学院, 长春 130118

收稿日期:1999-07-26 出版日期:2001-03-15 发布日期:2016-06-14
作者简介:赵文(1963-), 男, 博士, 副教授。现研究方向为水生生物学、水产养殖生态学。现在大连水产学院养殖所工作, 116023。
基金资助:
国家"九五"攻关专题(96-008-04-01)和国家杰出青年科学基金(39725023)资助。

STUDIES OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN SALINE-ALKALINE PONDS

ZHAO Wen¹, DONG Shuang-lin¹, SHENTU Qing-chun¹, ZHANG Zhao-qi¹, DAI Yun-di²

1. The Open Laboratory of Aguaculture, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003;
2. Food Engineer School, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118

Received:1999-07-26 Online:2001-03-15 Published:2016-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于1998 年4 月至1998 年9 月对高青盐碱池塘的水生大型植物种类组成、生产力及其影响因子进行了野外调查和试验研究。结果表明高青盐碱池塘共有水生植物12 种。常见的优势种有沉水植物:菹草、角果藻、金鱼藻;挺水植物:芦苇、荆三棱、莲和香蒲;漂浮植物:浮萍, 以及大型藻类布氏轮藻。种类少而优势种突出是盐碱池塘大型植物的显著特点。有水草池塘与无或少水草池塘相比, 透明度大、pH 值高、浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a 含量低、营养盐含量也低。在表层光照度7200lx、水温28~30℃的条件下, 菹草、角果藻和轮藻的毛产量分别为1.70、1.56 和1.50mgO₂·L^-1·h^-1·g^-1。除光照、水温、pH 等因素外, 含盐量和碱度对大型植物的初级生产力具有重要影响, 菹草和角果藻的生产力最高时的含盐量均为3g·L^-1, 前者适宜的碱度为6.69 mmol·L^-1, 而后者则为3.82 mmol·L^-1。菹草、角果藻、金鱼藻和浮萍对NH₄-N 的吸收速率相近, 而对PO₄-P 的吸收速率则角果藻 > 菹草 > 浮萍 > 金鱼藻。文后对盐水水体大型植物特点、菹草生产力及其影响因素、如何防止养鱼池大型植物危害及大型植物与浮游植物的关系进行了讨论。

关键词: 水生大型植物, 生产力, 含盐量, 碱度, 营养盐, 盐碱池塘

Abstract: The species composition, productivity and its influence factors of aquatic macrophytes were estimated in saline-alkaline ponds in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, during from April to September in 1998.The results indicated that 12 species of the large aquatic plants were collected in this localities, common species were Potamogeton crispus, Zannichellia palustris, Nelumbo nucifera, Ceratophyllum demersum [Emergent vascular plants];Phragmites communis, Scirpus yagara and Typha orientalis [Submerged vascular plants];Lemna minor [Floating vascula plants] and Chara braunii [Macrophytic algae]. Simple of species composition and prominent of dominant species are marked characteristics of aquatic macrophytes in saline-alkaline ponds. The transparency and pH values of ponds with grass were higher than that of ponds without grass, and biomass and Chla of phytoplankton and nutrients lever in the former ponds lower than that of the latter. The grass primary production of P. crispus, Z. palustris and C. braunii were 1.70、1.56 and 1.50 mgO₂ L^-1 h^-1 g^-1, under the condition of light intensity 7, 200 lx and water temperature 28~30℃. Apart from light, temperature and pH, the primary productivity of aquatic macrophytes were influenced by salinity and alkalinity. The salinity that the primary production of P. crispus and Z. palustris were highest are 3 g l-1, the suitable alkalinity of the former was 6.69 mmol L^-1, and that of the latter was 3.82 mmol L^-1. The absorption rates to NH₄-N of P. crispus, Z. palustris, C. demersum and L. minor were similar, and that of to PO₄-P are as follow:Z. palustris > P. crispus > L. minor > C. demersum. The features of Macrophytes in saline water bodies, production of P. crispus and its influence factors and how to avoid the harmful of aquatic macrophytes in fish ponds and the relationship between macrophytes and phytoplankton were discussed.

Key words: aquatic macrophytes, primary production, salinity, alkalinity, nutrients, saline-alkaline ponds

赵文, 董双林, 申屠青春, 张兆琪, 戴昀娣. 盐碱池塘水生大型植物的研究[J]. 植物研究, 2001, 21(1): 140-146.

ZHAO Wen, DONG Shuang-lin, SHENTU Qing-chun, ZHANG Zhao-qi, DAI Yun-di. STUDIES OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN SALINE-ALKALINE PONDS[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2001, 21(1): 140-146.

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