植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 813-826.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.05.004
赵文龙1,2,3, 曹佳怡2, 牛雨露2, 高洁2, 张金保2,3, 陈红刚2,3, 李文4, 晋玲1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2026-02-25
出版日期:2026-08-28
发布日期:2026-10-10
通讯作者:
晋玲
E-mail:zyxyjl@163.com
作者简介:赵文龙(1983—),男,博士,副教授,从事中药资源开发与可持续利用研究。
基金资助:
Wenlong ZHAO1,2,3, Jiayi CAO2, Yulu NIU2, Jie GAO2, Jinbao ZHANG2,3, Honggang CHEN2,3, Wen LI4, Ling JIN1,2,3(
)
Received:2026-02-25
Online:2026-08-28
Published:2026-10-10
Contact:
Ling JIN
E-mail:zyxyjl@163.com
摘要:
为探究羌活(Notopterygium incisum)1年实生苗“蚕环”结构形成过程中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的动态变化并识别其关键气味标志物,本研究采用电子鼻技术与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对“蚕环”形成前后的羌活植株进行多维解析。电子鼻分析显示,羌活特征气味主要来源于根茎部位,对萜烯类敏感的W5S等传感器响应值在“蚕环”形成后显著增强,表明其特征气味主要伴随“蚕环”的形成而产生,萜烯类化合物为其关键物质基础。GC-MS分析进一步揭示,萜类化合物是构成特征气味的主要物质。结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析发现,“蚕环”形成后显著上调的2-丙烯酸乙酯和1,2-双(叔丁硫基)乙烷共同构成羌活刺激性气味,而桉叶醇、2-甲基丁醛等萜类、酯类及芳香类化合物则提供草本花香、木质香等香气以平衡整体气味轮廓。电子鼻响应与GC-MS数据强相关,验证了其在快速监测复杂VOCs动态变化的可靠性。本研究明确了羌活“蚕环”的形成是其特征性气味产生的关键节点,解析了其物质基础及关键气味标志物,为揭示羌活气味形成机制及品质评价提供了科学依据。
中图分类号:
赵文龙, 曹佳怡, 牛雨露, 高洁, 张金保, 陈红刚, 李文, 晋玲. 羌活“蚕环”形成过程中挥发性成分动态演变多维解析与关键标志物识别[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(5): 813-826.
Wenlong ZHAO, Jiayi CAO, Yulu NIU, Jie GAO, Jinbao ZHANG, Honggang CHEN, Wen LI, Ling JIN. Multidimensional Analysis of the Dynamic Evolution of Volatile Components during the Formation of ‘Worm-Like Rings’ in Notopterygium incisum and Identification of Key Markers[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(5): 813-826.
表4
10个金属氧化物传感器信息
阵列序号 Array serial number | 传感器名称 Sensor name | 性能描述 Performance description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | W1C | 芳香成分灵敏 Sensitive to aromatic compounds |
| 2 | W5S | 灵敏度大,对氮氧化合物很灵敏 High sensitivity; highly sensitive to nitrogen oxides |
| 3 | W3C | 氨水,对芳香成分灵敏 Ammonia solution, sensitive to aromatic compounds |
| 4 | W6S | 主要对氢气有选择性 It is primarily selective for hydrogen |
| 5 | W5C | 检测烷烃、芳香化合物 Detection of alkanes and aromatic compounds |
| 6 | W1S | 对甲烷灵敏 Sensitive to methane |
| 7 | W1W | 对硫化物灵敏,对多种萜烯类和有机硫化物灵敏 Sensitive to sulfides, as well as various terpenes and organic sulfides |
| 8 | W2S | 对乙醇及部分芳香型化合物灵敏 Sensitive to ethanol and certain aromatic compounds |
| 9 | W2W | 对芳香成分及有机硫化物灵敏 Sensitive to aromatic compounds and organic sulfides |
| 10 | W3S | 对烷烃灵敏 Sensitive to alkanes |
表5
羌活不同样品间的成分差异
化学分类 Chemical classification | 成分名称 Ingredient name | 相对含量 Relative content/(10-6)% | VIP | P | Log2FC | 显著性 Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZO | HE | ||||||
萜类 Terpenoids | α,α-二甲基-4-亚甲基环己烷甲醇 Cyclohexanemethanol,alpha,alpha-dimethyl-4-methylene- | 2.649 | 35 584.600 | 1.278 | <0.001 | 13.713 | *** |
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol | 34 693.700 | 200 768.900 | 1.231 | <0.001 | 2.533 | *** | |
伞柳酮 Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-en-2-one,4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)- | 2 575.850 | 88.676 | 1.111 | <0.001 | -4.860 | *** | |
吉马酮 3,7-Cyclodecadien-1-one,3,7-dimethyl-10- (1-methylethylidene)-,(E,E)- | 5 466.710 | 2.984 | 1.279 | 0.001 | -10.834 | *** | |
(3S,6S)-6-异丙基-3-甲基-2-(丙烷-2-烯胺)-3-乙烯基环己酮 (3S,6S)-6-Isopropyl-3-methyl-2-(propan-2-ylidene)- 3-vinylcyclohexanone | 3 611.270 | 2.984 | 1.278 | 0.001 | -10.241 | *** | |
α-可巴烯-11-醇 Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-8-ene-3-methanol,alpha,alpha, 6,8-tetramethyl-,stereoisomer | 4 534.500 | 2.984 | 1.278 | 0.002 | -10.570 | ** | |
(4aR,8aR)-5,8a-二甲基-3-(丙-2-亚基)-1,2,4,4a,7,8-六氢萘 Selina-3,7(11)-diene | 6 164.300 | 2.984 | 1.278 | 0.004 | -11.012 | ** | |
4(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇 (1R,7S,E)-7-Isopropyl-4,10-dimethylenecyclodec-5-enol | 44 995.200 | 1 249.380 | 1.278 | 0.005 | -5.170 | ** | |
醇类 Alcohols | (3R,6R)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇 (3R,6R)-2,2,6-Trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol | 5 802.590 | 30 678.900 | 1.266 | <0.001 | 2.402 | *** |
顺式α,α,5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-甲醇 2-Furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-alpha, alpha,5-trimethyl-,cis- | 23 803.300 | 123 261.500 | 1.261 | <0.001 | 2.372 | *** | |
(1aR,4S,7R,7aS,7bR)-1,1,4,7-四甲基-1a,2,3,4,6,7, 7a,7b-辛氢-1H-环丙烷-4-醇 (1aR,4S,7R,7aS,7bR)-1,1,4,7-Tetramethyl-1a,2,3,4,6,7, 7a,7b-octahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol | 7 997.220 | 1 438.210 | 1.264 | <0.001 | -2.475 | *** | |
芳香类 Aromatic compounds | 苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde | 17 120.800 | 75 189.000 | 1.250 | <0.001 | 2.135 | *** |
芹菜脑 Apiol | 9 739.830 | 2.984 | 1.278 | 0.003 | -8.350 | ** | |
烯烃类 Alkenes | 2,2-二甲基-3-庚酮 2,2-Dimethyl-3-heptanone | 2.650 | 13 165.000 | 1.278 | <0.001 | 12.279 | *** |
1,3-二甲基-1-环己烯 1,3-Dimethyl-1-cyclohexene | 2 164.760 | 255 318.400 | 1.044 | <0.001 | 6.882 | *** | |
酯类 Esters | 乙酸3-甲基戊酯 3-Methylpentyl acetate | 2.650 | 196 826.500 | 1.278 | <0.001 | 16.181 | *** |
11,14-十八碳二烯酸甲酯 11,14-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester | 3 335.620 | 1 025.690 | 1.171 | 0.001 | -1.701 | ** | |
硫醚类 Thioethers | 1,2-双(叔丁硫基)乙烷 Propane,2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(thio)]bis[2-methyl- | 2.650 | 114 391.900 | 1.278 | <0.001 | 15.398 | *** |
表6
羌活不同样品间的感觉阈值和ROAV
化学分类 Chemical classification | 成分名称 Ingredient name | 气味特征 Odor characteristics | 感觉阈值 Sensitivity threshold/10-9 | ROAV /10-6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZO | HE | ||||
醛类 Aldehydes | 正丁醛 Butanal | 木质香,辛辣味,花香和草香 Woody,spicy,floral,and grassy notes | 9.0 | 7 082.519 | 3 499.010 |
2-甲基丁醛 Butanal,2-methyl- | 焦味,呛味和酸味 Burnt,acrid,and acidity notes | 1.0 | 223 359.521 | 675 143.521 | |
庚醛 Heptanal | 草香,清新味,酸味,刺鼻味和穿透性果香 Grassy,fresh,acidity,pungent,and pronounced fruity notes | 3.0 | 4.953 | 9 953.313 | |
芳香醛 Aromatic aldehydes | 苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde | 花香,苦味,果香和辛辣味 Floral,bitter,fruity,and spicy notes | 4.0 | 24 003.219 | 112 634.827 |
酯类 Esters | 乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | 香甜,果香,茴香和草香 Sweet,fruity,aniseed,and grassy notes | 5.0 | 3867.515 | 19 343.970 |
2-丙烯酸乙酯 2-Propenoic acid,ethyl ester | 果香,刺鼻的穿透性气味,酸味和辛辣味 Fruity,penetrating odor,acidity,and spicy notes | 0.2 | 74.301 | 588 937.491 | |
庚酸乙酯 Heptanoic acid,ethyl ester | 果香 Fruity notes | 2.0 | 9 237.770 | 19 914.751 | |
γ-丁内酯 Butyrolactone | 焦糖味,甜味和烤坚果味 Caramel,sweet,and roasted nutty flavor notes | 20 000.0 | 9.302 | 0.001 | |
丙酸香叶酯 Geranyl propionate | 苦味和花香 Bitter and floral notes | 10.0 | 71 442.880 | 163 689.300 | |
γ-癸内酯 2(3H)-Furanone,5-hexyldihydro- | 焦糖味,甜味和果香 Caramel,sweet,and fruity notes | 1.0 | 105 806.259 | 17.877 | |
棕榈酸乙酯 Hexadecanoic acid,ethyl ester | 蜡味,果香和香脂味 Waxy,fruity,and balsamic notes | 2 000.0 | 25.463 | 0.009 | |
芳香酯 Aromatic esters | 苯乙酸乙酯 Benzeneacetic acid,ethyl ester | 茴香,甜味,苦味,花香和果香 Aniseed,sweet,bitter,floral,and fruity notes | 650.0 | 305.926 | 109.623 |
醇类 Alcohols | (Z)-3-己烯-1-醇 3-Hexen-1-ol,(Z)- | 草香和果香 Grassy and fruity notes | 70.0 | 10 864.542 | 2 084.448 |
芳香醇 Aromatic alcohols | 苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol | 玫瑰香,花香,苦味和果香 Rose,floral,bitter,and fruity notes | 1 000.0 | 3 431.055 | 10 346.501 |
芳香酚 Phenolic compounds | 4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯酚 Phenol,2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- | 焦香,烟熏味,甜味和花香 Toasty,smoky,sweet,and floral notes | 1 200.0 | 98.006 | 0.014 898 |
芳香类 Aromatic compounds | 对二甲苯 p-Xylene | 甜味 Sweet | 50.0 | 0.297 | 365.111 |
萜类 Terpenoids | 桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol | 胡椒味,草香,香甜,樟脑和清凉薄荷香 Peppery,grassy,sweet,camphor,and minty notes | 1.0 | 194 561.709 | 1 203 025.158 |
顺式α,α,5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢 呋喃-2-甲醇 2-Furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-alpha,alpha,5-trimethyl-,cis- | 茴香,樟脑味,花香,草香和木质香 Aniseed,camphor,floral,grassy,and woody notes | 320.0 | 417.151 | 2 308.106 | |
α-松油醇 alpha-Terpineol | 茴香,柑橘香,花香,清凉薄荷香和木质香 Aniseed,citrus scent,floral,minty,and woody notes | 280.0 | 4 085.599 | 13 374.738 | |
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone | 茴香 Aniseed | 2.7 | 1 122 716.468 | 307 490.814 | |
香茅醇 Citronellol | 苦味,柑橘香,花香和清新玫瑰香气 Bitter,citrus scent,floral,and fragrance of roses | 11.0 | 23 361.970 | 74 404.203 | |
紫苏醇 p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol | 芳樟味和辛辣味 Linalool and spicy notes | 7 000.0 | 89.313 | 9.965 | |
石竹烯氧化物 Caryophyllene oxide | 草香和甜味 Grassy and sweet | 200.0 | 172.972 | 1.585 | |
香芹酚 Phenol,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- | 木质香,樟脑,药用烟雾气味和茴香 Woody,camphor,the scent of medicinal smoke,and aniseed notes | 2 290.0 | 20.4201 | 47.868 | |
(Z)-橙花叔醇 Nerolidol,cis- | 蜡味 Waxy notes | 10.0 | 562.726 | 11 582.811 | |
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