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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 777-790.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.05.001

• 综述文章 •    下一篇

五加科植物三萜皂苷生物合成的激素调控网络及分子机制

刘晓彤1,2, 张慧婷1, 刘世龙1, 郭瑞1, 石铮1,2, 杨宗岐3, 薛哲勇1, 华欣1,2()   

  1. 1.东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨 150040
    2.上海辰山植物园上海市资源植物功能基因组学重点实验室,上海 201602
    3.浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 华欣 E-mail:xinhua_1985@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘晓彤(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事刺五加三萜皂苷代谢通路解析研究。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金联合基金项目(LHZSZ24H280003);上海辰山植物园上海市资源植物功能基因组学重点实验室开放课题(PFGR202401);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32470385);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);浙江理工大学绍兴生物医药研究院有限公司开放课题

Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Regulatory Networks and Biosynthesis of Triterpene Saponins in Araliaceae Plants

Xiaotong LIU1,2, Huiting ZHANG1, Shilong LIU1, Rui GUO1, Zheng SHI1,2, Zongqi YANG3, Zheyong XUE1, Xin HUA1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
    2.Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Shanghai,Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai 201602
    3.College of Life Sciences and Medicine,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310018
  • Received:2026-03-23 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Xin HUA E-mail:xinhua_1985@126.com

摘要:

五加科(Araliaceae)药用植物中三萜皂苷是重要的次生代谢产物,也是决定药材品质和药理活性的核心成分,其生物合成受多种植物激素及其信号网络的协同调控。茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、生长素(auxin,IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin,GA)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin,CK)和乙烯(ethylene,ETH)等激素可通过激活或抑制MYC2、WRKY、AP2/ERF、MYB和bHLH等转录因子,构建复杂的调控网络,并通过协同或拮抗作用精细调控三萜皂苷生物合成通路中关键结构基因的表达。现有研究表明,JA是促进三萜皂苷积累的核心正向调控激素,SA则偏向调控皂苷后续修饰阶段,而生长发育相关激素主要通过调节“生长-防御”权衡间接影响皂苷积累。不同激素信号间的互作进一步增强了五加科植物对环境变化的适应能力,并塑造了三萜皂苷积累的动态模式。本文综述了近年来植物激素调控五加科药用植物三萜皂苷生物合成的研究进展,旨在为活性成分积累机制解析、药用植物品质改良及三萜皂苷高效生物制造提供理论参考。

关键词: 五加科植物, 三萜皂苷, 植物激素, 转录因子, 合成调控

Abstract:

Triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants of the Araliaceae family are important secondary metabolites and key determinants of medicinal quality and pharmacological activity. Their biosynthesis is coordinately regulated by multiple plant hormones and interconnected signaling networks. Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and ethylene can activate or repress transcription factors such as MYC2, WRKY, AP2/ERF, MYB, and bHLH, thereby forming complex regulatory networks that precisely control the expression of key structural genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis through synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Current studies indicate that jasmonic acid is the principal positive regulator promoting triterpenoid saponin accumulation, whereas salicylic acid preferentially regulates the downstream modification steps of saponin biosynthesis. In contrast, growth- and development-related hormones mainly influence saponin accumulation indirectly by modulating the growth-defense trade-off. Crosstalk among different hormonal signals further enhances the adaptability of Araliaceae plants to environmental changes and shapes the dynamic patterns of triterpenoid saponin accumulation. This review summarized recent advances in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis by plant hormones in medicinal plants of the Araliaceae family, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanisms underlying active compound accumulation, improving the quality of medicinal plants, and achieving efficient biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins.

Key words: Araliaceae plants, triterpenoid saponins, plant hormones, transcription factors, biosynthesis regulation

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