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植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 681-691.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.05.005

• 植物生殖生物学 • 上一篇    

梳帽卷瓣兰花部特征对蝇类传粉者的适应性

何锦睿1,2, 张雄3, 罗银玲4, 罗艳2, 李青青1,5()   

  1. 1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院,昆明 650224
    2.中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心和中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心,勐腊 666303
    3.普洱学院茶叶咖啡学院,普洱 665000
    4.普洱学院生物与化学学院,普洱 665000
    5.昆明翔昊科技有限公司,昆明 650204
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-29 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 李青青 E-mail:doublelqq@163.com
  • 作者简介:何锦睿(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事动植物互作的生化基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32270225)

Adaptability of Floral Characteristics to a Fly Pollinator in Bulbophyllum andersonii (Orchidaceae)

Jinrui HE1,2, Xiong ZHANG3, Yinling LUO4, Yan LUO2, Qingqing LI1,5()   

  1. 1.College of Biology and Food Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224
    2.Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303
    3.School of Tea and Coffee,Puer University,Puer 665000
    4.School of Biological and Chemical Science,Puer University,Puer 665000
    5.Kunming Xianghao Technology Co. Ltd. ,Kunming 650204
  • Received:2024-01-29 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-09-23
  • Contact: Qingqing LI E-mail:doublelqq@163.com

摘要:

为揭示梳帽卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum andersonii)的繁殖特性和传粉机制,在2023年对分布于云南西双版纳的梳帽卷瓣兰野生居群开展了传粉生物学研究,包括开花物候、繁育系统、传粉昆虫、花部微观形态特征及花的挥发性成分等。结果如下:梳帽卷瓣兰的盛花期在7月中旬,单花花期为5 d;繁育系统属于异交并依赖传粉者,自然结实率为26.06%;套袋试验表明自交不亲和,不存在无融合生殖和自动自花授粉现象;唇瓣的铰链结构、传粉通道及宽大的侧萼片等花部特征在传粉过程中发挥重要作用;曲角杆蝇(Gampsocera sp.)是其唯一有效传粉者并在访花过程中表现出舔舐唇瓣的行为;通过扫描电镜观察发现,唇瓣上附着大量的特殊颗粒,可能是访花者的食物报酬;花部挥发性气味主要含有单萜类、芳香类等化合物,其中邻苯乙醚和避蚊胺可能与昆虫访花行为有关。上述研究结果表明,梳帽卷瓣兰的花形态结构与气味适应于曲角杆蝇进行传粉,属于特化传粉系统。

关键词: 梳帽卷瓣兰, 繁育系统, 传粉生物学, 花形态, 花气味

Abstract:

To reveal the reproductive characteristics and pollination mechanisms of Bulbophyllum andersonii, the pollination biology including flowering phenology, breeding system, pollinator, flower morphological characteristics, and flower volatile components were investigated in a wild population in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan in 2023. The results were as follows: the blooming period of B. andersonii was in mid-July, and the individual flowering period was five days. The breeding system was outcrossing and dependent on pollinators, and the natural seed setting rate was 26.06%. Bagging experiments indicated self-incompatibility, no apomixis and no spontaneous autogamy. Floral features such as the hinge structure of the labellum, pollination channels, and broad lateral sepals played important roles in pollination. Gampsocera sp.(Chloropidae) was the only effective pollinator and exhibited lip-licking behavior during the flower visit. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, a large number of special particles were observed on the lips of B. andersonii, which might be the food rewards for the flower visitors. Flower volatile odors primarily contained monoterpenoids and aromatics, among which 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide might be related to the flower visiting behavior of insects. The results indicated that the flower morphology and flower scent of B. andersonii were adaptable to pollination by Gampsocera sp., which seemed to be apt to a specialized pollination system.

Key words: Bulbophyllum andersonii, breeding system, pollination biology, flower morphology, floral scent

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