喀斯特山区粗裂地钱风兜亚种冬季芽胞杯的形态多样性特征及芽胞传播观察

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.01.005

植物研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 31-36.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.01.005

喀斯特山区粗裂地钱风兜亚种冬季芽胞杯的形态多样性特征及芽胞传播观察

尚官敏¹, 王智慧¹, 张朝晖²

1. 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001;
2. 贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2016-09-26 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-03-06
通讯作者: 王智慧,E-mail:wangzhihui222@126.com E-mail:wangzhihui222@126.com
作者简介:尚官敏(1994-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事苔藓植物研究和生物教学研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31360035）

Morphological Diversity of Gemma Cups on Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera and Gemma Spread at Karst Mountains Area in Winter

SHANG Guan-Min¹, WANG Zhi-Hui¹, ZHANG Zhao-Hui²

1. School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001;
2. Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001

Received:2016-09-26 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-03-06
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of China(31360035)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 芽胞杯是地钱属特有的无性繁殖器官，关于其冬季形态特征及繁殖传播的行为研究较少。现以贵州喀斯特山区常见的粗裂地钱风兜亚种（Marchantia paleacea subsp.diptera）为代表，在最冷的冬季1月份，对其芽胞杯、杯内芽胞产量及传播方式进行野外定点观察和采样分析。结果显示：（1）冬季芽胞杯形态多样。根据其颜色和杯内芽胞特点将其划分为4个生长时期：未成熟期（透明）、成熟期（绿色）、衰退期（紫色）和衰亡期（紫黑色），反映了冬季芽胞杯生长发育的不同阶段。（2）各生长时期的芽胞杯数量不同，表现出有序的凋亡特征。在统计的708个芽胞杯中，4个时期芽胞杯数量分别为62、209、254和183个，且不同时期的芽胞杯内芽胞的平均产量明显不同，不同时期单杯芽胞的平均产量分别为42、131、87和0 个；（3）冬季芽胞杯及芽胞在配子体上的密度较高，每平方米分别达到10 139和754 889个；（4）除春夏季常见的被雨滴敲打传播外，通过重力作用传播是冬季芽胞的一种重要传播方式。冬季粗裂地钱风兜亚种配子体上的芽胞杯处在不同的生长时期，形成的芽胞仍十分丰富，这对该物种适应喀斯特山区最冷月严苛环境条件具有积极的意义。

关键词: 粗裂地钱风兜亚种, 芽胞杯, 芽胞繁殖, 喀斯特山区, 冬季

Abstract: Gemma cup is Marchantia peculiar asexual reproductive organs, but there is little study on its morphological characteristics and spread behavior in winter. With Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera at Guizhou karst mountain area, we observed the gemma cup and gemma output in wild, and analyzed sample in the coldest winter in January 2016. The gemma cups form were varied. The gemma cups were divided into four growth period:immature period(transparent), mature period(green), recession period(purple) and decline period(atropurpureus) according to their color and gemma characteristics. The four growth periods reflected the different stages of growth and development of gemma cup. Each growth period had a different number of gemma cup, showing apoptotic characteristics orderly. In 708 gemma cups, the numbers of four period were 62, 209, 254 and 183, respectively. The average output of gemmae in different period of gemma cup was significantly different, the average gemmae output of four-period cups were 42, 131, 87 and 0, respectively. The densities of the gemma cup and gemma on the gametophyte were higher in winter, each square meter reached 10139 and 754889. Except the common by raindrops tapping spread, the winter gemma could spread by gravity. Therefore, M.paleacea subsp. diptera gemma cup in different periods and the formation of gemma are still very rich, and with the positive survival significance for the species to adapt to severe environmental conditions at karst mountains area in the cold months.

Key words: Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera, gemma cup, gemma output, Karst mountain, winter

中图分类号:

Q949.35+1.1

尚官敏, 王智慧, 张朝晖. 喀斯特山区粗裂地钱风兜亚种冬季芽胞杯的形态多样性特征及芽胞传播观察[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(1): 31-36.

SHANG Guan-Min, WANG Zhi-Hui, ZHANG Zhao-Hui. Morphological Diversity of Gemma Cups on Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera and Gemma Spread at Karst Mountains Area in Winter[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(1): 31-36.

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喀斯特山区粗裂地钱风兜亚种冬季芽胞杯的形态多样性特征及芽胞传播观察

Morphological Diversity of Gemma Cups on Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera and Gemma Spread at Karst Mountains Area in Winter

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