独行菜族8属(十字花科)植物果实及种子微形态研究

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用GMA（Glycol methacrylate，乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯）半薄切片法，利用比较解剖学对独行菜族中代表植物8属25种果实及种子微形态结构进行观察分析。同时，以菥蓂属菥蓂为例详细介绍了假隔膜的形成过程。结果显示独行菜族果实及种子微形态特征明显，果实均为短角果，除厚壁荠属和沙芥属果实为背腹压扁外，其他属种均为两侧压扁；果实边缘有翅为独行菜族的典型特征，可分为周翅、微翅、宽翅及披针形翅；部分果皮细胞有纤维层，偶有木化，除菘蓝属、厚壁荠属、沙芥属无假隔膜结构外，其他属种均具有明显的假隔膜。种子大小为（0.8~10） mm×（0.5~2.8） mm，种皮纹饰丰富，遇水或潮湿环境可形成粘液种子。种皮通常由薄壁细胞构成，偶有木化，具内含物；除高河菜属和菥蓂属子叶与胚根的排列方式为子叶缘倚，其他属种均为子叶背倚。假隔膜为内果皮细胞向内延伸连接而成。本文完善了独行菜族果实及种子微形态结构信息，为分子系统学等其他相关研究提供基础资料。

关键词: 独行菜族, 果实, 种子, 微形态

Abstract: The GMA semi-thin section method and comparative was used to analyze the fruits and seeds microstructure of 8 genus 25 races of Trib. Lepidieae. The forming process of the pseudoseptum was described in detail by taking the example of Thlaspi arvense. The fruits and seeds of the Trib. Lepidieae have obviously micromorphological characteristics that are silicle, except the types of fruit flattening of Pachypterygium and Pugionium are dorsal others are both sides; The edge of the fruit with wings is typical characteristics of Trib. Lepidieae. It can be divided into four types:surround wing, tiny wing, wide wing and lance shaped wing. Some pericarp cells have fibrous layer and occasionally lignification, and the others have pseudoseptum except Isatis, Pachypterygium and Pugionium. The seeds size are (0.8-10) mm×(0.5-2.8) mm which coats ornamentation is abundant, and generally, sticky seeds can be formed when exposed to water or damp environment. Testa is usually composed of parenchyma cells with occasional lignification and often contains inclusions. Arrangement of cotyledons and radicals are incumbent except Megacarpaea and Thlaspi. The pseudoseptum is formed by connecting endocarp cells to extend inward. The information of the fruits and seeds microstructure of Trib. Lepidieae are perfected, which will provide basic information for other related researches such as molecular systematics.

Key words: Trib. Lepidieae, fruit, seed, morphology

中图分类号:

Q949.4

曹董玲, 张学杰, 刘玫. 独行菜族8属(十字花科)植物果实及种子微形态研究[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(5): 673-682.

CAO Dong-Ling, ZHANG Xue-Jie, LIU Mei. Fruit and Seed Morphology of 8 Genera of Trib. Lepidieae(Cruciferae)[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(5): 673-682.

参考文献

1. 周太炎. 中国植物志:第三十三卷[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1987:1-453. Zhou T Y. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae,Tomus 33[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1987:1-453.
2. 孙稚颖. 中国十字花科植物部分属种的系统学研究[D]. 济南:山东师范大学,2006. Sun Z Y. Systematic studies on partial genera and species of Brassicaceae from China[D]. Jinan:Shandong Normal University,2006.
3. Girin T,Stephenson P,Goldsack C M P,et al. Brassicaceae INDEHISCENT genes specify valve margin cell fate and repress replum formation[J]. The Plant Journal,2010,63(2):329-338.
4. 李妮. 乌鲁木齐城市植物多样性现状评价[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2009. Li N. The present evaluation of plant diversity in Urumqi[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2009.
5. 李孟,郑晓珂,张志广,等. 从北葶苈子中分离到的一个新苯乙酰胺类化合物[J]. 药学学报,2016,51(12):1881-1884. Li M,Zheng X K,Zhang Z G,et al. A new phenylacetamide from the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,2016,51(12):1881-1884.
6. 李晓霞,赵兵,崔超,等. 独行菜属药学研究概况[J]. 宁夏农林科技,2012,53(1):91-92,100. Li X X,Zhao B,Cui C,et al. Overview of pharmacological research on Lepidium L.[J]. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2012,53(1):91-92,100.
7. 祁得胜. 宽叶独行菜药效组分的分离制备及初步作用机制研究[D]. 西宁:青海师范大学,2017. Qi D S. The seperation and mechanism of the pharmacological components of Lepidium latifolium L.[D]. Xining:Qinghai Normal University,2017.
8. 赵博. 十字花科植物分子系统发育研究——基于Chs、Adc和rbcL序列证据[D]. 武汉:武汉大学,2010. Zhao B. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of Brassicaceae species based on Chs,Adc and rbcL sequences[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010.
9. 赵惠新,赵歉歉,卢函,等. 独行菜种子DREB类转录因子家族及LaDREB表达对幼苗冷胁迫响应[J]. 分子植物育种,2018,16(16):5192-5198. Zhao H X,Zhao Q Q,Lu H,et al. DREB transcription factor family in Lepidium apetalum Willd. seeds and response of LaDREB expression in seedling to cold stress[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding,2018,16(16):5192-5198.
10. 孙稚颖,李法曾. 中国独行菜族(十字花科)部分属种的分子系统学研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2007,27(8):1674-1678. Sun Z Y,Li F Z. Molecular systematics of partial genera and species in Tribe Lepidieae(Brassicaceae) from China[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(8):1674-1678.
11. 刘磊. 基于不同基因组序列的十字花科分子系统发育研究[D]. 武汉:武汉大学,2011. Liu L. Phylogenetic relationships of Brassicaceae species inferred from various genomic sequences[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.
12. 孙稚颖,郑纪庆,李法曾. 基于种皮形态和叶绿体trnL-F对菘蓝属(十字花科)的系统学位置研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2008,28(10):1978-1982. Sun Z Y,Zheng J Q,Li F Z. Systematic position of Isatis(Brassicaceae) inferred from seed-coat micromophology and chloroplast trnL-F[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2008,28(10):1978-1982.
13. 张捷,赵翔,王青. 独行菜属植物的研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学,2016,44(36):159-160,194. Zhang J,Zhao X,Wang Q. Research advances of Lepidium Plants[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(36):159-160,194.
14. 吕泽文,徐平,张向向,等. 芥菜型油菜多室角果的解剖特征及遗传分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报,2012,34(5):461-466. Lü Z W,Xu P,Zhang X X,et al. Primary study on anatomic and genetic characteristics of multi-loculus in Brassica juncea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2012,34(5):461-466.
15. 庹忠云. 十字花科8种植物叶表皮微形态特征及12种植物核型研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2010. Tuo Z Y. Micromorphologic characteristic of leaf epidermis of eight species and karyotype of twelve species in Brassicaceae[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2010.
16. 沈雪莹. 天山北部拟南芥等十字花科短命植物果实开裂难易的生态适应研究[D]. 石河子:石河子大学,2011. Shen X Y. The ecological adaptive of fruit dehiscence force at ephemeral plants of Cruciferae in north slope of Tianshan Mountains[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University,2011.
17. 邱东. 十字花科棒果芥属和紫罗兰属的系统分类研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014. Qiu D. Systematic studies on genera Sterigmostemum and Matthiola in Brassicaceae in China[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014.
18. 赵杨阳,刘佳钰,马征,等. 家独行菜的组织培养与高频再生[J]. 植物生理学报,2017,53(2):234-240. Zhao Y Y,Liu J Y,Ma Z,et al. Tissue culture and high-frequency regeneration of Lepidium sativum[J]. Plant Physiology Journal,2017,53(2):234-240.
19. 李佳. 两种独行菜种子萌发及休眠的生理特性研究和SRAP体系建立[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017. Li J. Analysis of the physiological characteristics of germination and dormancy of two Lepidium species and establishment of their SRAP system[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2017.
20. 暨淑仪,宁洁珍,吴万春,等. 广州地区十字花科主要杂草种子微形态的观察研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报,1995,16(1):13-17. Ji S Y,Ning J Z,Wu W C,et al. Observation on micromorphology of major Cruciferous weed seeds from Guangzhou[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University,1995,16(1):13-17.
21. 刘杨. 异质环境植物种子萌发和幼苗生长光响应差异研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2017. Liu Y. Response of seed germination and seedling growth to different lights of plants from different environment[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
22. Feder N,O'brien T P. Plant microtechnique:some principles and new methods[J]. American Journal of Botany,1968,55(1):123-142.
23. Vaughan J G,Whitehouse J M. Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae[J]. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,1971,64(4):383-409.
24. 安争夕. 十字花科植物外部形态的简介[J]. 中国科学院大学学报,1975,13(2):114-119. An Z X. An introduction to the morphological terms of Cruciferae[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,1975,13(2):114-119.
25. 刘长江,林祁,贺建秀. 中国植物种子形态学研究方法和术语[J]. 西北植物学报,2004,24(1):178-188. Liu C J,Lin Q,He J X. Methods and terminology of study on seed morphology from China[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(1):178-188.
26. 郑纪庆,孙稚颖,李法曾. 中国独行菜属种皮微形态特征的研究[J]. 植物研究,2006,26(3):291-296. Zheng J Q,Sun Z Y,Li F Z. Micromorphological characters of seed coats of Lepidium from China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2006,26(3):291-296.
27. 薛艳,周桂玲. 十字花科果实中假隔膜的比较解剖研究[J]. 绿色科技,2014(6):1-3. Xue Y,Zhou G L. Comparative anatomical study of pseudoseptum in the fruit of Brassicaceae[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology,2014(6):1-3.

[1]	王丹, 张中帅, 曾庆银, 韩学敏. 滇西北冷杉属植物结实特性及种子特征研究[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(5): 647-656.
[2]	吴友贵, 朱志成, 吴倩倩, 蔡焕满, 陈定云. 极危植物百山祖冷杉的种子雨[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(5): 711-719.
[3]	张淑钧, 杨欣欣, 罗建. 西藏色季拉山区风毛菊属植物花粉形态特征及其分类学意义[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(5): 741-755.
[4]	矫春晶, 李明月, 张鹏. 外源激素浸种与渗透处理对水曲柳种子热休眠的作用[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(3): 370-378.
[5]	久西加, 王玉辉, 陈红刚, 王惠珍, 曾翠云, 杜弢. 基于熵权TOPSIS模型的桃儿七种子超低温保存条件筛选[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(3): 404-411.
[6]	唐莹莹, 郭传超, 石荡, 蒋南林, 许正, 刘立强. 果肉和埋土深度对新疆野杏种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(2): 251-260.
[7]	何芳, 鲁益飞, 刘永娣, 褚文珂, 金孝锋. 薹草属少花薹草组（莎草科）小坚果形态和微形态及其分类学意义[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(1): 1-8.
[8]	杨建伟, 李宗艳, 冯尧, 任书娴, 胡梦露, 叶松菩. 束花石斛的繁育生物学特性[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(1): 150-160.
[9]	王静, 章英才, 陶珊珊. 灵武长枣果实发育过程中阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白组织化学分布[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 1106-1120.
[10]	曹小路, 赵巧竹, 幸华, 栗孟飞. 桃儿七种子解剖结构及其萌发生长期形态特征[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 746-752.
[11]	王欢, 徐云飞, 刘一伯, 刘沁松, 徐文娟, 龙芸, 胥晓. 珙桐—灯台树枝和叶的水提物对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 866-875.
[12]	乐新贵, 王正伟, 宁馨, 孙锡青, 宋以刚. 苦槠传播体的萌发特性与种子休眠类型[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 688-693.
[13]	李俊, 段雅萍, 蔡秀珍, 王婷, 潘柏含. 松属针叶角质层微形态特征在分类学中的应用[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(3): 341-351.
[14]	朱栗琼, 覃冬梅, 招礼军, 邓斌胜, 刘晟源, 蒋昌杰. 6种野生金花茶叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 841-850.
[15]	刘建新, 刘瑞瑞, 刘秀丽, 贾海燕, 卜婷, 李娜. 外源H₂S供体NaHS浸种对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 870-877.