Preliminary Selection of Half-sib Family in Betula costata Based on Seed Vigor and Sapling Growth

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.05.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Betula costata is a valuable timber and ornamental tree species in northeast China. The seed vigor and growth traits of different half-sib families were systematically compared， and a reference for selecting Betula costata superior family would be provided. Variance analysis and correlation analysis on thousand seed weight， germination rate， germination energy， germination index， sapling height， and base diameter were conducted by using 30 Betula costata half-sib families as materials， and principal component analysis was used to evaluate comprehensively the tested families. The results showed that there was an extremely significant difference in thousand seed weight， germination rate， germination energy， germination index， height， and base diameter among families， respectively. The family heritability of each trait was higher than 0.88. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between different traits. Based on the result of principal component analysis， JL6， JL18， JL22， JL7， JL25， and JL4 were selected as the superior families. The average of the thousand seed weight， germination rate， germination energy， germination index， sapling height， and base diameter of superior families were 19.62%， 15.97%， 15.31%， 26.81%， 32.15%， and 14.49% higher than the total average， respectively. The genetic gains of thousand seed weight， germination rate， germination energy， germination index， sapling height， and base diameter of superior families were 19.46%， 22.67%， 22.79%， 24.07%， 32.07%， and 14.44%， respectively. The mother tree of the above superior families could be preliminarily determined as the preferred mother tree for Betula costata seed collection.

Key words: Betula costata, half-sib family, seed vigor, sapling growth

CLC Number:

S722.5

Xuhong JIN, Cong YU, Tingyao ZHANG, Songtong LÜ, Yang LIU, Le CHEN, Sheng LONG, Huaizhi MU. Preliminary Selection of Half-sib Family in Betula costata Based on Seed Vigor and Sapling Growth[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(5): 763-773.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Multiple comparisons on thousand seed weight，germination rate，germination energy，and germination index in different Betula costata families

家系 Family	千粒质量 Thousand seed weight		家系 Family	发芽率 Germination rate		家系 Family	发芽势 Germination energy		家系 Family	发芽指数 Germination index
家系 Family	均值 Mean/mg	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	家系 Family	均值 Mean/%	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	家系 Family	均值 Mean/%	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	家系 Family	均值 Mean	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
JL6	748.00±9.54a	1.28	JL18	61.00±7.81a	12.80	JL22	50.67±7.02a	13.86	JL25	20.45±2.32a	11.36
JL7	744.67±20.03ab	2.69	JL7	60.67±5.51ab	9.08	JL6	50.00±5.20a	10.39	JL22	20.35±2.02a	9.93
JL18	743.67±16.50ab	2.22	JL22	60.33±6.03ab	9.99	JL18	49.00±6.08ab	12.41	JL6	20.08±1.13a	5.64
JL25	727.67±12.58abc	1.73	JL25	60.33±5.51ab	9.13	JL25	49.00±5.00ab	10.20	JL18	19.94±2.24ab	11.22
JL22	720.00±16.09bcd	2.24	JL6	59.33±4.04abc	6.81	JL7	47.33±4.16abc	8.80	JL29	19.46±1.63abc	8.38
JL29	702.33±8.62cde	1.23	JL2	57.33±6.03abcd	10.51	JL2	46.00±4.58abcd	9.96	JL7	19.07±1.00abcd	5.26
JL2	694.33±15.01def	2.16	JL29	55.67±5.51abcde	9.89	JL4	45.67±6.81abcd	14.91	JL2	18.91±2.21abcd	11.71
JL4	676.67±12.01ef	1.78	JL4	55.00±6.56abcdef	11.92	JL29	45.33±7.51abcd	16.56	JL4	18.04±2.41abcde	13.33
JL30	675.67±14.01ef	2.07	JL17	53.67±4.16abcdefg	7.76	JL17	44.67±4.04abcde	9.05	JL17	17.78±1.91abcdef	10.77
JL27	672.00±19.67f	2.93	JL19	52.00±5.00abcdefg	9.62	JL19	42.67±5.03abcdef	11.80	JL1	16.56±1.39bcdefg	8.38
JL17	670.00±7.55f	1.13	JL27	50.67±6.03bcdefgh	11.90	JL27	41.67±5.03abcdef	12.08	JL30	16.46±1.34bcdefg	8.16
JL19	668.67±12.90f	1.93	JL30	50.00±4.36cdefgh	8.72	JL30	41.33±3.22abcdef	7.78	JL19	16.35±2.15cdefg	13.15
JL12	643.67±9.29g	1.44	JL12	49.33±5.77cdefghi	11.70	JL1	40.33±4.04bcdefg	10.02	JL27	16.31±3.01cdefg	18.43
JL1	640.00±16.52g	2.58	JL10	49.33±6.43cdefghi	13.03	JL12	40.00±4.36bcdefg	10.90	JL24	16.16±0.71cdefg	4.37
JL10	636.33±14.57g	2.29	JL24	48.67±3.06defghi	6.28	JL24	39.00±2.00cdefg	5.13	JL10	15.58±2.21defgh	14.21
JL20	624.33±11.93g	1.91	JL1	48.67±4.93defghi	10.14	JL10	39.00±5.20cdefg	13.32	JL14	15.50±1.62defgh	10.46
JL15	596.00±8.54h	1.43	JL14	48.33±5.13defghi	10.62	JL14	38.33±4.16cdefg	10.86	JL12	15.33±1.31efgh	8.57
JL24	567.00±19.67i	3.47	JL9	46.33±3.51efghi	7.58	JL9	38.33±4.04cdefg	10.54	JL9	15.24±1.31efgh	8.61
JL9	553.33±19.55ij	3.53	JL15	46.00±6.56efghi	14.26	JL20	37.33±5.13defg	13.75	JL15	14.49±2.06efghi	14.22
JL14	552.67±14.01ij	2.54	JL20	45.00±5.29fghij	11.76	JL15	36.67±5.69defgh	15.51	JL20	14.27±1.61fghi	11.31
JL8	531.00±17.69jk	3.33	JL21	44.67±5.51fghij	12.33	JL8	35.67±3.51efgh	9.85	JL8	14.17±1.28fghi	9.02
JL21	528.33±11.68jk	2.21	JL8	43.67±3.79ghij	8.67	JL21	35.67±6.03efgh	16.90	JL21	14.12±2.32ghi	16.41
JL11	525.67±16.80kl	3.20	JL11	41.00±4.58hij	11.18	JL28	34.00±3.61fgh	10.60	JL13	13.53±1.70ghi	12.56
JL26	510.33±14.30klm	2.80	JL13	40.33±3.06hij	7.57	JL13	33.33±3.06fgh	9.17	JL28	13.10±1.65ghi	12.59
JL13	500.33±12.66lmn	2.53	JL28	40.33±4.93hij	12.23	JL11	32.00±3.46ghi	10.83	JL11	13.10±1.34ghi	10.20
JL28	491.00±11.53mn	2.35	JL26	39.33±4.04ij	10.27	JL26	31.67±5.51ghij	17.39	JL26	12.50±2.08hij	16.63
JL3	478.00±18.33no	3.83	JL5	35.33±4.73jk	13.37	JL5	28.00±3.61hij	12.88	JL5	11.09±2.04ijk	18.40
JL5	475.00±13.53no	2.85	JL3	30.33±5.03kl	16.59	JL23	24.33±1.53ijk	6.28	JL23	9.53±0.58jk	6.11
JL23	474.33±22.03no	4.64	JL23	29.33±2.08kl	7.10	JL3	24.00±3.61jk	15.02	JL3	9.50±1.83jk	19.24
JL16	455.67±12.22o	2.68	JL16	23.67±5.51l	23.27	JL16	19.33±3.22k	16.63	JL16	8.02±1.82k	22.66

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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性状 Trait	变异来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F
千粒质量 Thousand seed weight	家系Family	784 753.556	29	27 060.467	119.789**
	重复Replication	34.422	2	17.211	0.076
	误差Error	13 102.244	58	225.901
	总计Total	797 890.222	89
发芽率 Germination rate	家系Family	0.861	29	0.030	10.380**
	重复Replication	0.001	2	0.001	0.199
	误差Error	0.166	58	0.003
	总计Total	1.028	89
发芽势 Germination energy	家系Family	0.623	29	0.021	8.864**
	重复Replication	0.001	2	0.001	0.283
	误差Error	0.141	58	0.002
	总计Total	0.765	89
发芽指数 Germination index	家系Family	966.046	29	33.312	9.782**
	重复Replication	1.235	2	0.617	0.181
	误差Error	197.507	58	3.405
	总计Total	1 164.787	89
苗高 Height	家系Family	134 331.924	29	4 632.135	405.935**
	区组Block	40.580	2	20.290	1.778
	家系Family×区组Block	701.842	58	12.101	1.060
	误差Error	29 782.800	2 610	11.411
	总计Total	164 857.147	2 699
地径 Base diameter	家系Family	190.070	29	6.554	355.106**
	区组Block	0.006	2	0.003	0.151
	家系Family×区组Block	0.956	58	0.016	0.893
	误差Error	48.172	2 610	0.018
	总计Total	239.204	2 699

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变幅 Amplitude	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	家系遗传力 Family heritability
千粒质量Thousand seed weight/mg	607.55	94.68	445.00~764.00	15.58	0.991 7
发芽率Germination rate/%	47.52	10.46	20.00~70.00	22.01	0.903 7
发芽势Germination energy/%	38.68	8.81	17.00~58.00	22.78	0.887 2
发芽指数Germination index	15.50	3.62	6.62~22.19	23.35	0.897 8
苗高Height/cm	34.35	7.82	18.00~53.00	22.77	0.997 5
地径Base diameter/mm	2.76	0.30	2.13~3.52	10.87	0.997 2

家系 Family	苗高Height		家系 Family	地径Base diameter
家系 Family	均值 Mean/cm	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	家系 Family	均值 Mean/mm	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
JL6	47.21±3.20a	6.78	JL18	3.27±0.12a	3.69
JL25	46.91±3.29a	7.01	JL4	3.26±0.15a	4.49
JL22	46.89±3.11a	6.63	JL7	3.25±0.11a	3.34
JL7	45.20±2.79b	6.18	JL6	3.15±0.11b	3.56
JL18	43.99±3.87c	8.80	JL22	3.08±0.17c	5.41
JL4	42.17±3.54d	8.38	JL25	2.95±0.16d	5.36
JL19	40.30±3.60e	8.94	JL2	2.94±0.13d	4.40
JL5	40.10±3.35e	8.34	JL19	2.93±0.17d	5.97
JL2	40.08±3.09e	7.70	JL11	2.92±0.09d	3.21
JL11	38.24±3.01f	7.88	JL30	2.92±0.18d	6.07
JL30	36.42±3.32g	9.12	JL5	2.86±0.12e	4.25
JL29	35.76±4.34gh	12.14	JL14	2.84±0.19e	6.83
JL17	35.37±2.61h	7.37	JL17	2.79±0.12f	4.14
JL24	33.53±3.87i	11.54	JL29	2.79±0.08f	2.99
JL14	33.06±3.45ij	10.43	JL10	2.74±0.12g	4.23
JL9	32.22±3.65jk	11.34	JL9	2.73±0.08g	2.89
JL27	31.70±3.75k	11.84	JL24	2.71±0.13g	4.73
JL23	31.23±3.53kl	11.31	JL12	2.64±0.19h	7.08
JL10	30.32±4.19lm	13.81	JL23	2.64±0.11h	4.11
JL16	29.60±2.63mn	8.90	JL21	2.62±0.10hi	3.92
JL21	29.09±3.59no	12.33	JL16	2.62±0.14hi	5.38
JL12	28.92±3.21no	11.10	JL27	2.60±0.11hi	4.16
JL1	28.42±2.70o	9.49	JL8	2.59±0.17i	6.63
JL8	27.40±3.69p	13.47	JL1	2.50±0.09j	3.53
JL26	26.70±2.63pq	9.86	JL20	2.49±0.19j	7.49
JL20	26.67±3.65pq	13.69	JL28	2.46±0.16jk	6.41
JL15	26.50±2.45pq	9.25	JL15	2.43±0.12kl	4.89
JL13	25.82±2.76qr	10.70	JL26	2.41±0.13l	5.51
JL3	25.44±2.88r	11.33	JL3	2.36±0.12m	4.91
JL28	25.27±4.47r	17.71	JL13	2.32±0.11n	4.56

性状 Trait	千粒质量 Thousand seed weight	发芽率 Germination rate	发芽势 Germination energy	发芽指数 Germination index	苗高 Height	地径 Base diameter
千粒质量 Thousand seed weight	1	0.930**	0.929**	0.929**	0.691**	0.677**
发芽率 Germination rate		1	0.994**	0.988**	0.673**	0.668**
发芽势 Germination energy			1	0.990**	0.658**	0.645**
发芽指数 Germination index				1	0.690**	0.663**
苗高 Height					1	0.929**
地径 Base diameter						1

成分 Component	特征根 Characteristics root	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	性状 Trait	因子载荷 Factor loading	标准化特征向量 Standardized eigenvector
Ⅰ	5.038	83.964	83.964	千粒质量Thousand seed weight（X₁）	0.944	0.421
Ⅱ	0.776	12.932	96.897	发芽率Germination rate（X₂）	0.964	0.429
Ⅲ	0.098	1.634	98.531	发芽势Germination energy（X₃）	0.958	0.427
Ⅳ	0.073	1.209	99.740	发芽指数Germination index（X₄）	0.965	0.430
Ⅴ	0.010	0.171	99.911	苗高Height（X₅）	0.832	0.371
Ⅵ	0.005	0.089	100.000	地径Base diameter（X₆）	0.821	0.366