Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Abies in Northwest Yunnan

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.05.002

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the fruiting characteristics and seed characteristics and their variation patterns of Abies species distributed in Northwest Yunnan， and to provide material support and theoretical basis for promoting the regeneration and restoration of Abies forest， the specimens and cones of seven Abies species distributed in Northwest Yunnan were collected and identified， and the seed morphological characteristics， seed viability， and fruiting characteristics were analyzed， and then the differences among species and regions were explored separately. The results showed that the length， width and thickness of seeds of seven Abies species in Northwest Yunnan were 6.04-10.22 mm， 2.03-3.32 mm and 1.26-2.24 mm， respectively， and the thousand-grain weight was 4.26-30.50 g. The thousand-grain weight was significantly correlated with seed length， width and thickness （r>0.8， P<0.01）. The average rates of plump， empty and insect-eaten seeds of seven Abies species in Northwest Yunnan were 27.51%， 4.92% and 67.58%， respectively. The rate of plump seed was low， and that of empty and insect-eaten seeds was high. Abies ernestii var. salouenensis was not further analyzed in this article due to field investigations revealing that most of them had no cone and only one tree’s cones were collected in this study. For the other six species， the rate of insect-eaten seeds did not differ significantly between species（P=0.750）， or between regions（P=0.204）. However， there were interspecies differences in the rate of plump seeds（P=0.005） and empty seeds（P=0.007）. There were interspecific（P=0.008） and interregional（P=0.036） differences in Abies seed viability. Therefore， seed viability of Abies was affected by both species characteristics and environmental factors.

Key words: Abies, seed characteristics, fruiting characteristics, viability

CLC Number:

S791.14

Dan WANG, Zhongshuai ZHANG, Qingyin ZENG, Xuemin HAN. Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Abies in Northwest Yunnan[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(5): 647-656.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 3

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 4

References 24

1	BEWLEY J D， BRADFORD K J， HILHORST H W M，et al.Seeds：Physiology of development，germination and dormancy［M］.3rd ed.New York：Springer，2013：133-179.
2	HOWE H F， SMALLWOOD J.Ecology of seed dispersal［J］.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics，1982，13：201-228.
3	WESTOBY M， JURADO E， LEISHMAN M.Comparative evolutionary ecology of seed size［J］.Trends in Ecology & Evolution，1992，7（11）：368-372.
4	WESTOBY M， LEISHMAN M， LORD J.Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal［J］.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series B：Biological Sciences，1996，351（1345）：1309-1318.
5	MORALES A， TEAPAL J， AMMERLAAN J M H，et al.A high throughput method for quantifying number and size distribution of Arabidopsis seeds using large particle flow cytometry［J］.Plant Methods，2020，16（1）：27.
6	LARIOS E， VENABLE D L.Selection for seed size：The unexpected effects of water availability and density［J］.Functional Ecology，2018，32（9）：2216-2224.
7	刘博文，黎桂阳，常媛飞，等.野豌豆属种子形态多样性与种子分类鉴定方法的研究［J］.草地学报，2021，29（7）：1375-1385.
	LIU B W， LI G Y， CHANG Y F，et al.Study on seed morphological diversity and seed classification and identification method of Vicia ［J］.Acta Agrestia Sinica，2021，29（7）：1375-1385.
8	董连新，关雪莲.石竹属种子形态及其分类学意义［J］.植物研究，2010，30（3）：257-261.
	DONG L X， GUAN X L.Seed morphology of Dianthus and its significance for taxonomy［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2010，30（3）：257-261.
9	王明君，张雅琼，黄莉，等.白及属4个种种子形态特征的电镜扫描分析［J］.分子植物育种，2017，15（11）：4659-4666.
	WANG M J， ZHANG Y Q， HUANG L，et al.Electron microscopic scanning analysis of the morphological characteristics of seeds from four species in Bletilla ［J］.Molecular Plant Breeding，2017，15（11）：4659-4666.
10	FARJON A， Rushforth K D.A classification of Abies Miller（Pinaceae）［J］.Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden，Edinburgh，1989，46（1）：59-79.
11	向巧萍，于永福.中国冷杉属的保护植物［J］.植物杂志，1999（5）：1.
	XIANG Q P， YU Y F.Conservation plants of Abies in China［J］.Plants，1999（5）：1.
12	FU L G， LI N， Mill R R.Pinaceae［M］//WU Z Y，RAVEN P H.Flora of China：Vol.4.Beijing：Science Press，1999：11-52.
13	向小果，曹明，周浙昆.松科冷杉属植物的化石历史和现代分布［J］.云南植物研究，2006，28（5）：439-452.
	XIANG X G， CAO M， ZHOU Z K.Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies（Pinaceae）［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica，2006，28（5）：439-452.
14	赖江山，李庆梅，谢宗强.濒危植物秦岭冷杉种子萌发特性的研究［J］.植物生态学报，2003，27（5）：661-666.
	LAI J S， LI Q M， XIE Z Q.Seed germinating characteristics of the endangered plant Abies chensiensis ［J］.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology，2003，27（5）：661-666.
15	李庆梅.秦巴山地两种冷杉种实特性研究与秦岭冷杉濒危原因探讨［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2008.
	LI Q M.Characteristics of cones and seeds of two firs in the Qinling-Daba mountains and endangering causes for Abies chensiensis ［D］.Beijing：Beijing Forestry University，2008.
16	唐润琴，李先琨，欧祖兰，等.濒危植物元宝山冷杉结实特性与种子繁殖力初探［J］.植物研究，2001，21（3）：403-408.
	TANG R Q， LI X K， OU Z L，et al.The fruiting characteristics and reproductive capacity of seeds of Abies Yuanbaoshanensis ［J］.Bulletin of Botanical Research，2001，21（3）：403-408.
17	胡晋.种子生活力测定原理和方法［M］.北京：中国农业出版社，2009：23-28.
	HU J.Principles and methods of seed viability determination［M］.Beijing：China Agricultural Machinery Press，2009：23-28.
18	国际种子检验协会.1985国际种子检验规程［M］.颜启传，毕辛华，译.北京：农业出版社，1985：249-253.
	International Seed Testing Association（ISTA）.1985 International rules for seed testing［M］.YAN Q C，BI X H，Trans.Beijing：Agricultural Publishing House，1985：249-253.
19	潘燕，王帅，王崇云，等.云南松与云南油杉种子风力传播特征比较［J］.植物分类与资源学报，2014，36（3）：403-410.
	PAN Y， WANG S， WANG C Y，et al.Comparison of seed weed-dispersed characteristics between Pinus yunnanensis and Keteleeria evelyniana ［J］.Plant Diversity and Resources，2014，36（3）：403-410.
20	强胜，曹学章.中国异域杂草的考察与分析［J］.植物资源与环境学报，2000，9（4）：34-38.
	QIANG S， CAO X Z.Survey and analysis of exotic weeds in China［J］.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment，2000，9（4）：34-38.
21	程瑾瑞，张知彬.啮齿动物对种子的传播［J］.生物学通报，2005，40（4）：11-13.
	CHENG J R， ZHANG Z B.Dissemination of seeds by rodents［J］.Bulletin of Biology，2005，40（4）：11-13.
22	刘志民，李雪华，李荣平，等.科尔沁沙地70种植物繁殖体形状比较研究［J］.草业学报，2003，12（5）：55-61.
	LIU Z M， LI X H， LI R P，et al.A comparative study on diaspore shape of 70 species found in the sandy land of Horqin［J］.Acta Prataculturae Sinica，2003，12（5）：55-61.
23	佘诚棋，方升佐，杨万霞.青钱柳种子形态特征的地理变异［J］.南京林业大学学报（自然科学版），2008，32（4）：63-66.
	SHE C Q， FANG S Z， YANG W X.Geographical variation of morphologic characteristics of Cyclocarya paliurus seeds［J］.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University（Natural Sciences），2008，32（4）：63-66.
24	罗大庆，王军辉，任毅华，等.西藏色季拉山东坡急尖长苞冷杉林的结实特性［J］.林业科学，2010，46（7）：30-35.
	LUO D Q， WANG J H， REN Y H，et al.Fruiting characteristics of Abies georgei var.smithii forest on the eastern slope of the Sejila Mountain in Tibet［J］.Scientia Silvae Sinicae，2010，46（7）：30-35.

物种 Species	采集地点 Location	种子长度 Length/mm	种子宽度 Width/mm	种子厚度 Thickness/mm	千粒质量 Thousand-grain mass/g
Ade	CS	6.06±0.54a	2.14±0.25a	1.33±0.21a	6.39±1.67a
Afe	BMX	7.99±1.18b	2.91±0.41c	1.85±0.27c	16.28±2.65b
Afe	XZD	8.50±0.50e	2.81±0.27f	1.68±0.24fg	23.01±4.30d
Afe	YLX	7.66±0.69b	2.76±0.42de	1.72±0.23cde	22.35±0.62d
Afo	BZL	7.42±0.71b	2.67±0.34c	1.80±0.47cde	15.88±1.66b
Ag	BMX	8.29±1.17d	2.90±0.40de	1.83±0.25def	21.2±4.26d
Ag	XZD	7.94±0.58cd	2.80±0.22cd	1.83±0.18def	19.98±0.21cd
Ag	YLX	7.83±0.78c	2.54±0.52b	1.59±0.22b	13.46±0.60b
Anu	BZL	7.71±0.98bc	2.87±0.37d	1.72±0.22c	17.25±4.57bc
Ags	BMX	8.22±1.20d	2.79±0.48cd	1.81±0.31cde	20.19±4.63cd
Ags	XZD	8.25±0.98d	3.01±0.35ef	1.87±0.3efg	22.19±3.94d
Ags	YLX	7.72±0.70bc	2.69±0.29c	1.72±0.21cd	16.02±2.19b
Aes	YLX	8.23±0.75d	3.29±0.28g	1.94±0.28g	29.39±1.07e

物种 Species	地点 Location	虫蚀粒率 Insect/%	空秕粒率 Empty/%	饱满率 Plumpness/%	生活力 Viability/%
Ade	CS	0.50±0.71a	80.00±9.90cde	19.50±10.61a	67.50±36.06ab
Afe	BMXS	0a	47.33±10.21ab	52.67±10.21bc	73.00±12.23ab
Afe	XZD	8.80±8.61a	70.40±15.53bcde	20.80±14.86a	85.67±3.51b
Afe	YLX	3.00a	38.00a	59.00c	44.00a
Afo	BZL	5.25±7.93a	62.75±23.37abc	32.00±21.89abc	96.50±4.95b
Ag	BMXS	4.83±5.57a	68.67±22.49bcd	26.50±23.48ab	54.33±19.64a
Ag	XZD	3.00a	95.00de	2.00a	—
Ag	YLX	0a	98.50±0.71e	1.50±0.71a	—
Anu	BZL	1.17±1.60a	67.67±18.47abcd	31.17±18.58abc	83.50±9.11b
Ags	BMXS	8.20±12.16a	63.90±17.98abc	27.80±21.05ab	52.83±19.77a
Ags	XZD	6.40±9.97a	81.40±15.24cde	12.20±6.54a	85.00±12.73b
Ags	YLX	11.33±16.29a	57.33±8.51abc	31.33±16.62abc	48.67±7.10a
Aes	YLX	0a	100.00e	0a	—

[1]	Yong HE, Zhijing WU, Wufan ZHANG, Yibo LUO, Ruisi LI, Qiuyue WANG, Ruimin YU, Shubin DONG, Jin CHENG. Identification of Floral Volatiles from Caryopteris incana and Their Regulatory Effects on Floral Visitors Behavior [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(2): 209-219.
[2]	Yanqing CAI, Yujun CHEN, Mei LI, Chuangfa DENG, Liejian HUANG. Flowering Biological Characteristics and Breeding System of Lumnitzera racemosa [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 152-160.
[3]	Yong-Wei MI, Cheng-Wen GONG, Guo-Xiang WANG, Yong-Hong QI. Responses of Water Absorption and Germination of Angelica sinensis Seeds to Winged Perianth Removal [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(2): 174-179.
[4]	Yun-Fei XU, Qin-Song LIU, Wen-Juan XU, Jun-Feng TANG, Ting-Fa DONG, Bao-Zhen YANG, Xiao XU. Differences in Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Davidia involucrata Baill. Between High and Low Latitude Regions [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(6): 855-866.
[5]	XU Su-Xia, HUANG Qing-Yun, LIN Chun-Song, XU Yi-Ding, LI Zi-Yang, LIU Yu-Mei, HUANG Yi-Jin. Comparison of Reproductive Biology Including Morphology of Reproductive Organs,Viability of Pollens,Flower Visitors,and Flavonols Accumulation Between Fertile and Sterile Cultivars in Bougainvillea [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(6): 860-868.
[6]	DU Hui-Cong, ZHANG Ying, TIAN Min, WANG Cai-Xia. Study on The Seed Biological Characteristics of Chimonanthus praecox of Zhejiang Province [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(1): 7-13.
[7]	GUO Lian-Jin, CAO Hao-Wei, XU Wei-Hong, TIAN Yu-Qing, XIAO Zhi-Peng. Seed Rain,Soil Seed Bank and Quantitative Dynamics of Seedlings of Emmenopterys henryi Populations in Different Altitude Regions [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(3): 377-386.
[8]	LI Ya-Lan, LIANG Feng-Li. Stamen Dynamics and Breeding System of Lonicera alberti [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(4): 503-510.
[9]	PAN Miao, ZUO Fei-Fei, SHENG Ji-Lu, CHANG Qiang-Qiang, FAN Jia-Jia, ZHANG Xiao-Ping. Comparison of 1000-seed Weight, Viability and Chemical Content in the Seed of Taxus chinensis var. mairei from Different Areas and Its Relationship with Ecological Factors [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(3): 360-367.
[10]	ZHAO Tong-Xin;LIU Lin-De;ZHANG Li;WANG Yan-Jie;JIA Xing-Jun. Bionomics of Pollen and Stigma of Celastrus orbiculatus* Thunb. [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2014, 34(3): 309-316.
[11]	HU Chun;LIU Zuo-Jun;LI Fu-Xiang;LIU Feng-Mei. Detection Methods for Pollen Viability of Anemone obtusiloba* [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2013, 33(5): 582-586.
[12]	WANG Heng-Rong;LI Peng;LI Jun-Lin;LUO Yi-Bo. Characteristics of Seeds and Hybrid Seeds in Three Sympatric Cypripedium* Species [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2013, 33(1): 31-38.
[13]	WANG Ya-Li;WANG Jin-Xiu;CHANG Hong-Yu;NI Xi-Lu;TIAN Ying;QIN Bin-Bin. Flowering Biology of Lycium barbarum L. NQ-2 [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2011, 31(3): 330-335.
[14]	MA Xiao-Li;HAN Rong. Pollen Morphology and Viability of Elaeagnus umbellata* [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2010, 30(1): 8-11.
[15]	TANG Run qin, LI Xian kun, OU Zu lan, LI Rui tang . THE FRUITING CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OFSEEDS OF ABIES YUANBAOSHANENSIS [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2001, 21(3): 403-408.