Abstract: Based on deepgoing investigation and detailed floristic statistics, the floristic composition and the geographical distributed features of the rare and endangered plants in Anhui province are analysed in the present paper. The results are shown that this flora belongs to temperate subtropic flora, the floristic features of this flora can be summarized as follows: The floristic composition is rich, with lots of monotypic or oligotypic families and genera and with abundant archic, relic species; The geographical elements are complicated and the floristic connections with the other flora of the world are wide; The temperate subtropic elements are dominant, with obvious floristic transitions from subtropic flora to temperate flora; The endemicity to Chinese flora is conspicious, with typical floristic features of E. China's flora. On floristic phytogeographyical affinity, this flora is subordinate to E. Asiatic Kingdom, Sino-Japanese Forest Subkingdom, E. China Region, it has close relationships with C. China's flora and has profoundly been influenced by Sw. China's flora.

Key words: Rare and endangered plants, flora, Geographical elements, Floristic features, Anhui province