Induction, Identification, and Trait Analysis of Tetraploid Primula filchnerae

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.002

Abstract

Abstract:

To establish an efficient polyploid induction protocol for Primula filchnerae， seeds and shoot apices were treated with colchicine using the seed immersion method and the cotton ball dropping method. The effects of different colchicine concentrations and treatment durations on germination rate， mortality rate and tetraploid induction rate were compared. Flow cytometry and root-tip chromosome counting were used for ploidy detection and verification. The results showed that colchicine treatment generally suppressed seed germination and increased seedling mortality rate， but it significantly increased the tetraploid induction rate at the optimal concentration. For seed treatment， the highest germination rate（77.67±3.51）% occurred under 0.02 g⋅L^-1 colchicine treatment for 24 h， while the lowest mortality rate（2.16±0.93）% and the highest tetraploid induction rate （30.12±4.02）% occurred under 0.05 g⋅L^-1 colchicine treatment for 24 h. For the shoot apex treatment， 0.05 g⋅L^-1 colchicine treatment had the highest tetraploid induction rate of （40.00±10.00）%. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the G₀/G₁ peak of tetraploid plants was significantly shifted from that of diploids， and chromosome counting confirmed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=2x=24 and the tetraploid chromosome number was 2n=4x=48. Morphological and cytological comparative analysis indicated that the leaf and flower-related traits such as growth potential and ornamental value of tetraploid plants were significantly superior to that of diploid plants. In addition， tetraploids had an increased stomatal size and a decreased stomatal density compared to diploids， which is consistent with typical cytological features of polyploids. In summary， this study established an efficient colchicine-induced polyploidization and ploidy identification protocol for P. filchnerae， and provides technical support for polyploid breeding and germplasm innovation in the species.

Key words: Primula filchnerae, colchicine, tetraploid, flow cytometry, chromosome counting, morphological traits

CLC Number:

S682

Kaixin ZHANG, Xinze YU, Kaiyang GAO, Chen CHENG, Xueying HAN, Qianqian SHI. Induction, Identification, and Trait Analysis of Tetraploid Primula filchnerae[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 399-410.

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秋水仙素质量浓度 Colchicine mass concentration/（g⋅L^-1）	浸泡时间 Soaking time/h	种子数量 Number of seeds
CK	12	300
	24	300
	48	300
0.02	12	300
	24	300
	48	300
0.05	12	300
	24	300
	48	300
0.10	12	300
	24	300
	48	300

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	发芽率 Germination rate
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	F	P
浸泡时间 Soaking time	2	127.370	<0.001
秋水仙素质量浓度 Colchicine mass concentration	3	204.765	<0.001
浸泡时间×秋水仙素质量浓度 Soaking time×Colchicine mass concentration	6	80.870	<0.001

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	死亡率 Mortality rate
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	F	P
浸泡时间 Soaking time	2	18.856	<0.001
秋水仙素质量浓度 Colchicine mass concentration	3	20.100	<0.001
浸泡时间×秋水仙素质量浓度 Soaking time×Colchicine mass concentration	6	13.303	<0.001

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	诱导率 Induction rate
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 d_f	F	P
浸泡时间 Soaking time	2	63.194	<0.001
秋水仙素质量浓度 Colchicine mass concentration	3	43.045	<0.001
浸泡时间×秋水仙素质量浓度 Soaking time×Colchicine mass concentration	6	15.166	<0.001

秋水仙素质量浓度 Colchicine mass concentration/（g⋅L^-1）	死亡率 Mortality rate/%	诱导率 Induction rate/%
CK	0^a	0^c
0.02	6.67±5.77^a	33.33±5.77^ab
0.05	3.33±5.77^a	40.00±10.00^a
0.10	0^a	26.67±5.77^b