Effects of Eucalyptus Introduction on Species Composition and Diversity of Understory Plant Functional Groups

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.016

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to answer the controversial question of the effects of Eucalyptus introduction on plant diversity， the Eucalyptus forest in Lancang County， a large-scale introduction area of Eucalyptus in Yunnan Province， was taken as the research object， and the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest and artificial Pinus kesiya forest were used as reference forests， and six groups of comparative plots were set up， and the plants were divided into different functional groups. The species composition characteristics and species diversity index of each functional group under Eucalyptus forest and reference forest were compared and analyzed， and the effects of Eucalyptus introduction on the species composition and diversity of understory plant functional groups were examined. The results showed that：（1）the replacement of the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest by Eucalyptus plantation would increase the number of species in the warm-sun-medium functional group and decrease the number of species in the warm-shade-wet functional group. The replacement of artificial Simao pine forest by Eucalyptus forest would increase the number of species in warm-shade-wet functional group and reduce the number of species in warm-sun-medium functional group. （2）the species composition and important value of understory plants changed after Eucalyptus forest replaced the two reference forests， Eupatorium adenophorum occupied the absolute dominant position of warm-sun-medium functional group， and Arthraxon hispidus occupied the absolute dominant position of warm-shade-wet functional group. （3）after Eucalyptus forest replaced the two reference forests， the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou uniformity index of the warm-sun-medium functional group under the forest were significantly decreased（P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the species diversity index of the warm-shade-wet functional group（P>0.05）. In conclusion， Eucalyptus introduction changed the species composition of understory plant functional groups， and had different effects on the species diversity of different plant functional groups.

Key words: Exotic tree species, Eucalyptus, plant functional groups, plant diversity, community ecology, Lancang County

CLC Number:

S718.54

Yuanyuan TANG, Fuying DENG, Xiaoqing ZHAO, Pei HUANG, Junyi TAO, Shijie ZHOU, Bocheng CHU. Effects of Eucalyptus Introduction on Species Composition and Diversity of Understory Plant Functional Groups[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 943-952.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Sample plot overview

森林类型 Forest type	样地号 Plot number	东经 Longitude/（°）	北纬 Latitude/（°）	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Gradient/（°）	乔木层盖度 Tree layer coverage/%	灌草层盖度 Shrubs and herb layer coverage/%
次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest	E1	99.931 556	22.622 658	1 629	阴坡 Shady slope	中下坡 Middle downhill	25.1	85	25
	E2	100.054 689	22.362 786	1 559	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	16.0	90	20
	E3	100.208 083	22.726 028	1 397	阴坡 Shady slope	上坡 Uphill	28.0	80	10
	E4	100.086 972	23.085 528	1 970	阴坡 Shady slope	中上坡 Middle uphill	35.0	70	40
	E5	100.086 750	23.086 139	2 020	阳坡 Sunny slope	中上坡 Middle uphill	34.0	60	40
	E6	100.204 564	22.735 194	1 350	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	26.0	40	20
桉树林（原为次生常绿阔叶林） Eucalyptus forest （originally secondary evergreen broad- leaved forest）	A1	99.924 469	22.629 253	1 585	阴坡 Shady slope	中坡 Middle slope	15.5	40	90
	A2	100.055 467	22.362 050	1 555	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	16.0	35	85
	A3	100.216 972	22.714 333	1 330	阴坡 Shady slope	中坡 Middle slope	22.0	60	90
	A4	100.084 889	23.104 056	2 050	阴坡 Shady slope	上坡 Uphill	12.0	60	80
	A5	100.088 472	23.086 028	2 040	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	20.0	60	85
	A6	100.216 750	22.713 694	1 314	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	14.0	60	60
人工思茅松林 Artificial Simao pine forest	P1	100.156 289	22.888 119	1 293	阴坡 Shady slope	上坡 Uphill	25.0	40	60
	P2	100.102 133	23.062 939	1 935	阴坡 Shady slope	上坡 Uphill	19.0	70	85
	P3	100.103 644	23.060 875	1 902	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	14.0	45	60
	P4	100.154 189	22.891 183	1 215	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	19.0	65	60
	P5	100.195 417	22.891 556	1 600	阴坡 Shady slope	中坡 Middle slope	13.0	60	50
	P6	100.185 861	22.899 139	1 420	阳坡 Sunny slope	中坡 Middle slope	32.0	10	50
桉树林（原为人工思茅松林） Eucalyptus forest （originally artificial Simao pine forest）	A7	100.155 778	22.888 150	1 276	阴坡 Shady slope	上坡 Uphill	21.0	45	30
	A8	100.104 211	23.064 783	1 887	阴坡 Shady slope	中坡 Middle slope	19.0	60	80
	A9	100.105 139	23.052 694	2 040	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	20.0	60	85
	A10	100.156 144	22.887 831	1 277	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	29.0	40	80
	A11	100.193 472	22.889 778	1 590	阴坡 Shady slope	中坡 Middle slope	18.0	60	40
	A12	100.192 056	22.890 628	1 573	阳坡 Sunny slope	上坡 Uphill	19.0	50	20

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Dominant species and their important values of plant functional groups in different woodlands

植物功能群

Plant functional group

森林类型

Forest type

优势种及其重要值

Dominant species and their important values（>5%）

暖性-阳生-

中生功能群

Warm-sun-medium

functional group

次生常绿阔叶林

Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest

杯状栲（Castanopsis calathiformis）17.42%、水锦树（Wendlandia uvariifolia）6.09%、木姜子（Litsea pungens）5.66%

桉树林（原为次生常绿阔叶林）

Eucalyptus forest（originally secondary

evergreen broad-leaved forest）

紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）44.31%、飞机草（Chromolaena odorata）5.59%

人工思茅松林

Artificial Simao pine forest

紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）25.51%、印度锥（Castanopsis indica）6.86%、水锦树（Wendlandia uvariifolia）5.74%、干花豆（Fordia cauliflora）5.47%

桉树林（原为人工思茅松林）

Eucalyptus forest

（originally artificial Simao pine forest）

紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）41.21%、飞机草（Chromolaena odorata）8.95%、水锦树（Wendlandia uvariifolia）7.20%

温性-阴生-

喜湿功能群

Warm-shade-wet

functional group

次生常绿阔叶林

Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest

铁芒萁（Dicranopteris linearis）36.39%、山姜（Alpinia japonica）7.03%、荩草（Arthraxon hispidus）5.89%、粉背菝葜（Smilax hypoglauca）5.14%

桉树林（原为次生常绿阔叶林）

Eucalyptus forest（originally secondary

evergreen broad-leaved forest）

荩草（Arthraxon hispidus）39.07%、鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris chinensis） 11.03%、岗柃（Eurya groffii）5.33%

人工思茅松林

Artificial Simao pine forest

刚莠竹（Microstegium ciliatum）40.29%、荩草（Arthraxon hispidus）9.93%、斑鸠菊（Strobocalyx esculenta）7.45%、马醉木（Pieris japonica）6.38%

桉树林（原为人工思茅松林）

Eucalyptus forest

（originally artificial Simao pine forest）

荩草（Arthraxon hispidus）29.54%、刚莠竹（Microstegium ciliatum）22.07%、莎草（Cyperus rotundus）6.04%

Table 4

Fig.1

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