欢迎访问《植物研究》杂志官方网站,今天是

植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 557-569.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西伯利亚红松苗木对难溶性磷的偏好及其适应机制

尹亚莉1, 杨立学1(), 于均屹1, 陈俊彤1, 董慧2, 刘会锋3, 徐迪3   

  1. 1.东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
    2.辽宁省林业发展服务中心,沈阳 110031
    3.大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院,加格达奇 165000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 杨立学 E-mail:ylx_0813@163.com
  • 作者简介:尹亚莉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林培育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA23B013)

Preference for Insoluble Phosphorus Forms and Adaptation Mechanisms in Pinus sibirica Seedlings

Yali YIN1, Lixue YANG1(), Junyi YU1, Juntong CHEN1, Hui DONG2, Huifeng LIU3, Di XU3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education (Northeast Forestry University),School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
    2.Liaoning Forestry Development Service Center,Shenyang 110031
    3.Daxing’anling Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Jiagedaqi 165000
  • Received:2025-11-19 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-01
  • Contact: Lixue YANG E-mail:ylx_0813@163.com

摘要:

磷(P)在森林土壤中主要以难溶态(如无机磷及有机磷)存在,磷有效性低是制约林木生长的关键因子。西伯利亚红松(Pinus sibirica)是寒温带针叶林建群种,其幼苗栽植至大兴安岭酸性土壤后,有效磷供应不足将显著影响造林成活与生长。为探究西伯利亚红松对难溶性磷的适应机制,本研究以2年生西伯利亚红松苗木为材料开展盆栽试验,设置对照(不加磷)、50%(17.40 mgkg-1)、100%(34.80 mgkg-1)、200%(69.60 mgkg-1) 4个施磷水平,分别添加植酸钙、卵磷脂、磷酸铝和磷酸铁4种磷源处理,分析不同磷源及施磷水平对苗木生物量分配、根系形态及全株磷利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)不同磷源对苗木生长影响差异显著(P<0.05),磷酸铁处理(尤其200%施磷水平)显著促进各器官和总生物量积累,而有机磷源(植酸钙、卵磷脂)作用不显著;(2)磷源类型与施磷水平交互作用对磷利用效率具有显著影响(P<0.05),50%施磷水平的磷酸铁处理下磷利用效率最高,且随施磷水平升高而下降;有机磷源处理下磷利用效率始终较低且变化趋势不显著;(3)根系形态对难溶性磷的响应具有可塑性,所有施磷处理下1级根比根长和比表面积均高于对照,组织密度均低于对照;低施磷水平的磷酸铁诱导根系偏向资源获取策略(高比根长、低组织密度),而高施磷水平下则转向资源保守策略;(4)综合评价显示,200%施磷水平的磷酸铁处理综合得分最高,其次为200%施磷水平的磷酸铝和100%施磷水平的卵磷脂处理,说明无机磷源(尤其是磷酸铁)添加更利于西伯利亚红松苗木生长。综上所述,西伯利亚红松可通过改变根系形态、调整生物量分配和磷利用效率,提升磷养分获取能力,其中磷酸铁是其高效利用的主要磷源形式。在未来造林抚育中,可将磷酸铁作为西伯利亚红松苗木的优选磷肥,并依据“低浓度促根、高浓度促生”原则制定施肥策略,为提升该树种苗木品质与造林成活率提供科学施肥指导。

关键词: 西伯利亚红松, 难溶性磷源, 磷利用效率, 根系形态, 生物量分配

Abstract:

Phosphorus(P) predominantly exists in forest soils as insoluble forms(such as inorganic and organic phosphorus), and its low availability is a major factor limiting tree growth. Pinus sibirica, a key constructive species of the cold-temperate coniferous forest, faces challenges when its seedlings are transplanted to the acidic soils of the Greater Khingan Mountains, where insufficient available phosphorus adversely affects seedling survival and growth. To explore the adaptation mechanisms of P. sibirica to insoluble P, a pot experiment was conducted using 2-year-old seedlings as test material. Treatments included a control(no P addition) and three P addition levels-50% (17.40 mgkg-1), 100% (34.80 mgkg-1), and 200% (69.60 mgkg-1)-applied via four different P sources: calcium phytate, lecithin, aluminum phosphate, and iron phosphate. Seedling responses in biomass allocation, root morphology, and whole-plant phosphorus use efficiency(PUE) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1)Different P sources significantly affected seedling growth(P<0.05). The iron phosphate treatment -particularly at 200% P addition level-significantly promoted biomass accumulation in all organs and total seedling biomass, whereas organic P sources(calcium phytate and lecithin) had no significant promoting effects. (2)PUE was significantly influenced by the interaction between P source type and level(P<0.05). The highest PUE occurred under the 50% iron phosphate-addition level and declined with increasing levels; in contrast, PUE remained low and showed no significant trend under organic P source treatments. (3)Root morphology exhibited plasticity in response to insoluble P stress. Compared with the control, all P application treatments increased the specific root length and specific surface area of first-order roots but reduced their tissue density. Low-level iron phosphate induced a resource-acquisition strategy(characterized by high specific root length and low tissue density), whereas a conservative strategy predominated at high P-addition levels. (4)A comprehensive evaluation indicated that the 200% iron phosphate treatment achieved the highest composite score, followed by 200% aluminum phosphate- and 100% lecithin-addition level, indicating that inorganic P sources-especially iron phosphate-are more conducive to P. sibirica seedling growth. In conclusion, P. sibirica enhanced its phosphorus acquisition capacity by modulating root morphological traits, adjusting biomass allocation patterns, and optimizing PUE, with iron phosphate being the dominant P form efficiently utilized by this species. In future afforestation and tending practices, iron phosphate is recommended as the preferred phosphorus fertilizer for P. sibirica seedlings, and fertilization strategies should adhere to the principle of “low concentration for root development promotion and high concentration for aboveground growth promotion”. This study provides scientific guidance for improving seedling quality and afforestation survival rates of P. sibirica in acidic soil regions.

Key words: Pinus sibirica, insoluble phosphorus sources, phosphorus utilization efficiency, root morphology, biomass allocation

中图分类号: