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植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 83-90.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.01.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

濒危植物光叶蕨配子体发育

孟文瑞1, 刘思怡2, 黄雄1, 陈小红1()   

  1. 1.四川农业大学林学院,成都 611130
    2.四川省天全县林业局,雅安 625599
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈小红 E-mail:Xiaohong_chen@sicau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孟文瑞(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事光叶蕨的培育与保护研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0135)

Gametophyte Development of the Endangered Plant Cystopteris chinensis

Wenrui MENG1, Siyi LIU2, Xiong HUANG1, Xiaohong CHEN1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130
    2.Tianquan Forestry Bureau,Ya’an 625599
  • Received:2025-11-10 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-20
  • Contact: Xiaohong CHEN E-mail:Xiaohong_chen@sicau.edu.cn

摘要:

配子体作为衔接孢子萌发和孢子体形成的关键节点,其发育对蕨类植物的繁衍与存续至关重要,是蕨类植物生命周期的核心枢纽。该研究以国家一级重点保护野生植物光叶蕨(Cystopteris chinensis)为对象,通过对光叶蕨孢子的无菌培养,观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:光叶蕨孢子大小平均值为32.83 μm×27.37 μm,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观半圆形,单裂缝长度几乎达到赤道线,周壁纹饰为刺状纹饰,表面还存在一些小疣状或瘤状突起。孢子播种12 d后开始萌发,15 d后进入丝状体阶段,30 d后出现原叶体,50 d后分化出性器官。孢子萌发类型为向心型,原叶体发育为三叉蕨型;成熟原叶体为对称的广宽圆状心脏形,平均大小为2.9 mm×1.8 mm;原叶体的边缘和背、腹面具备稀疏毛状体。颈卵器和精子器分别位于不同的原叶体上,雌雄原叶体比例约为5∶1。颈卵器由4列细胞构成,高约75 μm,直径约45 μm;精子器为圆球形,高约49 μm,直径约44 μm,受精后颈卵器为褐色。光叶蕨配子体发育特征与冷蕨属(Cystopteris)珠芽冷蕨类(bulbifera clade)植物相似,表明二者亲缘关系更为密切。

关键词: 蕨类植物, 光叶蕨, 配子体发育

Abstract:

As a critical node connecting spore germination and sporophyte formation, the gametophyte plays a vital role in the reproduction and survival of ferns, serving as the central hub of the fern life cycle. In this study, aseptic culture of Cystopteris chinensis spores was conducted to observe and document the entire process of spore germination and gametophyte development under a light microscope. The results showed that the spores of C. chinensis had an average size of 32.83 μm×27.37 μm, appearing elliptical in polar view and semicircular in equatorial view; the length of the single laesura nearly extended to the equatorial line, the perispore ornamentation was spinose, and additional small verrucous or tuberculate protrusions were present on the spore surface. Spores began to germinate 12 days after sowing, enter the filamentous stage after 15 days, develop into prothalli after 30 days, and differentiate into sex organs after 50 days. The spore germination type was centripetal, and the prothallus development followed the Aspidium-type. The mature prothallus was symmetrically broad and rounded cordate, with an average size of 2.9 mm×1.8 mm; sparse trichomes were present on the margin, dorsal and ventral surfaces of the prothallus. The archegonia and antheridia were borne on separate prothalli, with a ratio of female to male prothalli being approximately 5∶1.The archegonia were composed of four rows of cells, with a height of approximately 75 μm and a diameter of approximately 45 μm; the antheridia were spherical, with a height of approximately 49 μm and a diameter of approximately 44 μm. The archegonia were brown after fertilization. The gametophyte developmental characteristics of C. chinensis resembled those of the bulbifera clade within the genus Cystopteris, suggesting a close genetic relationship.

Key words: fern, Cystopteris chinensis, gametophyte development

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