欢迎访问《植物研究》杂志官方网站,今天是 分享到:

植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 861-872.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海野生种子植物种的垂直分布

吴玉虎1,2, 冷振宁1,3, 李聪佳2, 张泽林3, 庞哲1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁 810008
    2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
    3.中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 庞哲 E-mail:pangzhe@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:吴玉虎(1951—),男,研究员,主要从事植物系统分类和植物区系地理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重大科技专项(2023-SF-A5);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0808702);中国科学院-马普学会双边合作项目(HZXM20225001MI)

Vertical Distribution of Wild Seed Plant Species from Qinghai, China

Yuhu WU1,2, Zhenning LENG1,3, Congjia LI2, Zelin ZHANG3, Zhe PANG1()   

  1. 1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008
    2.College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049
    3.College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049
  • Received:2025-05-08 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Zhe PANG E-mail:pangzhe@nwipb.cas.cn

摘要:

青海省地质、地貌的形成和自然生态系统的演化历史与整个青藏高原一脉相承。为了揭示青海省野生种子植物在垂直梯度上的分布规律,并为探索其对垂直生态地理环境的适应机制提供基础数据,该研究结合文献与馆藏标本数据,对青海省3 558种植物的海拔分布模式进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1)青海植物在沿海拔梯度的垂直维度上并非随机分布,而是可以被划分为一定的“层”和“级”的序列。依据植物种出现的起始海拔和上限分布海拔及其延伸的垂直高度范围,该研究首次建立了植物“层”“级”垂直分布系统。(2)在横向以海拔下限2 000 m为基准的“层”序列与纵向以海拔上限4 000 m为基准的“级”序列交叉形成的十字型层级序列内,青海植物垂直分布数量最多,种类也最为集中。(3)垂直分布范围宽的植物通常属于植物区系地理上的广布型种类;垂直分布范围狭窄的植物,则多为植物区系地理上的狭域分布种类。(4)海拔2 000~4 000 m的垂直高度带是青海各种灌木最适宜、分布最为集中的逐级分布范围,也是灌木类种群最为繁盛的栖息地带。(5)从起始海拔2 000 m至3 500 m的4个层序列(B、C、D、E),各自垂直向上延伸至海拔上限5 000 m的垂直地带范围(含18个层级单元),是青海植物垂直分布最集中的区域,即核心分布地带。(6)属内阶梯型种间垂直替代分布现象显著,是青海植物普遍且基本的生存策略之一。该研究不仅对全面认识高原植物的海拔分布特征和规律具有重要的参考价值,同时对未来开展生物多样性保护、生物资源开发与利用、物种进化与适应研究具有指导意义。

关键词: 青海省, 野生种子植物种, 垂直分布, 种间垂直替代

Abstract:

The formation of Qinghai Province’s geology and geomorphology and the evolution history of natural ecosystem are consistent with those of the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. In order to reveal the distribution patterns of wild seed plants along vertical gradients in Qinghai Province and to provide fundamental data for exploring their adaptive mechanisms to vertical ecological and geographical environments, this study systematically analyzed the elevational distribution patterns of 3 558 plant species in Qinghai Province by integrating literature and herbarium specimen data. The analysis showed that: (1)Plants in Qinghai Province were not randomly distributed in the vertical dimension along the elevational gradient, but can be divided into certain “layer” and “grade” sequences. This was the Layer-Grade system of vertical distribution among plant species established in this paper for the first time. This division was based on the starting elevation of their respective occurrence and upper elevation and the range of vertical heights they extend. (2)Within the scope that by the layers 2 000 m and the grade 4 000 m intersect formation formed intersection sequence, it was the elevation range where plant species were most vertically distributed and most concentrated in Qinghai. (3)All plants with wide vertical height ranges were geographically widespread species; plants with narrow vertical height ranges usually had a narrow geographic distribution as well. (4)The vertical elevation zone of 2 000-4 000 m was the most suitable and most concentrated distribution range and the most prosperous habitat of all kinds of shrubs in Qinghai Province. (5)The range covered four layers (B, C, D, E) starting from an initial elevation of 2 000 m and extending to 3 500 m. Each of these layers extended vertically to an upper elevation of 5 000 m, encompassing 18 multi-grade units. This range represented the most concentrated vertical distribution of plants in Qinghai and can be described as the core zone. (6)Within the same genus, the obvious stepped vertical substitution distribution was one of common and basic survival strategies among plant species in Qinghai. This study had strong theoretical and practical significance and great reference significance for a comprehensive understanding of the elevation distribution characteristics and laws of plants on the plateau surface, and had good guiding value for biodiversity conservation, biological resources development and utilization, species evolution and adaptation in the future.

Key words: Qinghai Province, wild seed plant species, vertical distribution, vertical substitution between species

中图分类号: