植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 279-288.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.02.013
贺炯坤1,2, 许贞魏1,2, 施如康1,2, 韩大勇1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-06-16
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2024-03-11
通讯作者:
韩大勇
E-mail:411430667@qq.com
作者简介:
贺炯坤(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事植被生态学研究。
基金资助:
Jiongkun HE1,2, Zhenwei XU1,2, Rukang SHI1,2, Dayong HAN1,2()
Received:
2023-06-16
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2024-03-11
Contact:
Dayong HAN
E-mail:411430667@qq.com
摘要:
为探究雪岭云杉(Pinus schrenkiana)更新幼苗数量在不同腐解等级倒木上的差异性以及影响不同腐解等级的倒木上更新幼苗数量具体因素,研究了不同腐解等级倒木上雪岭云杉幼苗数量和高度级组成与倒木含水量、倒木表面积、坡向、坡度及海拔的关系。结果表明:不同腐朽等级倒木上幼苗的出现概率不同,但随着倒木腐解等级的增加,幼苗的存活率也越大。不同腐解等级倒木幼苗高度级结构均为明显的增长型特征,以高度(h)为0<h≤5 cm幼苗最多。倒木含水量对Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级腐解倒木上幼苗数量有显著影响(P<0.05),倒木表面积对Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级倒木上的幼苗数量有显著影响(P<0.01),坡度及海拔对各腐解等级倒木上更新幼苗的数量 影响均不显著(P>0.05)。进一步对不同高度级幼苗数量的影响因素分析表明,含水量对Ⅱ级腐解的倒木上的A1(0<h≤5 cm)、A2(5 cm<h≤10 cm)高度级幼苗的数量有极显著影响(P<0.01),倒木表面积对Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级腐解的倒木上A1高度级幼苗的数量有显著影响(P<0.05);在Ⅳ级腐解的倒木上,这些因素对不同高度级幼苗数量的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。倒木表面积和倒木所处坡向对倒木上死亡幼苗的数量有显著影响。低等级腐解倒木上含水量是影响更新幼苗数量的主要因素,对高等级倒木而言则是表面积,相比之下,高度越低的幼苗,越容易受到影响。
中图分类号:
贺炯坤, 许贞魏, 施如康, 韩大勇. 西天山雪岭云杉不同腐解等级倒木的更新幼苗数量特征及其影响因素[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(2): 279-288.
Jiongkun HE, Zhenwei XU, Rukang SHI, Dayong HAN. Quantitative Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Regeneration Seedlings of Different Decay Grades of Pinus schrenkiana, Western Tianshan Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(2): 279-288.
表1
西天山不同腐解等级雪岭云杉倒木判定标准
腐解等级 Decay grade | 判别标准 Judgment criteria |
---|---|
Ⅰ级 Grade Ⅰ | 结构完整,枝、叶、皮俱存,木质体坚实,死亡不足1年,木质体新鲜而坚固 The structure is intact,with branches, leaves, and skins present.The woody body is solid, with less than 1 year of death.The woody body is fresh and strong |
Ⅱ级 Grade Ⅱ | 心材完好,边材腐解,树皮完整,大枝存在,木质体较坚实,开始分解,小刀尖端可刺入几毫米 The heartwood is intact,the sapwood decays, the bark is intact,and the large branches exist.The woody body is relatively solid and begins to decompose.The tip of the small knife can pierce a few millimeters |
Ⅲ级 Grade Ⅲ | 心材完好,边材消失,部分树皮脱落,仅存大粗枝,木质体开始变软小刀可刺入约2 cm The heartwood is intact,the sapwood disappears, some bark falls off,only large and thick branches remain,and the woody body begins to soften.A small knife can penetrate about 2 cm |
Ⅳ级 Grade Ⅳ | 心材腐解,仅存部分树皮,木质体变软,小刀可刺2~5 cm Heart wood decays,only part of the bark remains,the wood becomes soft, and a small knife can pierce 2-5 cm |
Ⅴ级 Grade Ⅴ | 严重腐解,木质体破碎,木质体变软至粉末,小刀可轻易刺穿木质体 Severe decomposition,wood fragmentation, wood softening to powder,small knives can easily pierce wood |
表2
西天山雪岭云杉不同腐解等级倒木更新幼苗数量特征
腐解等级 Decomposi- tion grade | 幼苗总数量/株 Total number of seedlings | 数量占比 Quantity/% | 存活幼苗数量/株 Number of surviv- ing seedlings | 数量占比 Quantity/% | 死亡幼苗数量/株 Number of dead seedlings | 数量占比 Quantity/% | 死亡率 Death rate/% | 倒木数量/株 Quantity of fallen wood | 出现幼苗的倒木数量 Number of fallen trees with seedlings | 频率 Frequency/% | 倒木上幼苗密度/(株·m-2) Seedling density on fallen wood |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 7 | 0.35 | 5 | 0.27 | 2 | 1.63 | 28.57 | 67 | 2 | 2.99 | 0.402 |
Ⅱ | 277 | 13.85 | 256 | 13.64 | 21 | 17.07 | 7.58 | 146 | 24 | 16.44 | 2.518 |
Ⅲ | 1 257 | 62.85 | 1 172 | 62.44 | 85 | 69.11 | 6.76 | 136 | 71 | 52.21 | 4.005 |
Ⅳ | 446 | 22.30 | 431 | 22.96 | 15 | 12.19 | 3.36 | 60 | 22 | 36.67 | 6.746 |
Ⅴ | 13 | 0.65 | 13 | 0.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 4 | 10.00 | 1.415 |
表3
影响西天山雪岭云杉更新幼苗数量的多元线性回归分析
幼苗状态 Seedling status | 回归方程系数Coefficient of regression equation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
常量 Constant | 腐解等级 Decomposition grade | 含水量 Water content | 倒木表面积 Surface area of fallen wood | 坡向 Slope aspect | 坡度 Falling gradient | 海拔 Altitude | |
存活幼苗 Surviving seedling | -4.680 | 1.224* | 0.384** | 1.314** | 0.023 | 0.004 | -0.005 |
死亡幼苗 Dead seedlings | -31.329 | 0.098 | -0.006 | 0.120** | 0.009* | -0.004 | 0.018 |
表4
天山西部不同腐解等级雪岭云杉倒木上更新幼苗数量影响因素的多元线性回归分析
腐解等级 Decomposition grade | 回归方程系数Coefficient of regression equation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
常量 Constant | 含水量 Water content | 倒木表面积 Surface area of fallen wood | 坡向 Slope aspect | 坡度 Falling gradient | 海拔 Altitude | |
Ⅰ级 Grade Ⅰ | 21.327 | 0.065* | 0.035 | 0.001 | -0.028 | -0.013 |
Ⅱ级 Grade Ⅱ | -13.095 | 0.719** | 0.729** | 0.023 | -0.134 | 0.003 |
Ⅲ级 Grade Ⅲ | -15.101 | 0.039 | 1.924** | 0.062* | 0.2 | -0.001 |
Ⅳ级 Grade Ⅳ | 97.324 | -0.003 | 4.365** | 0.035 | -0.281 | -0.063 |
Ⅴ级 Grade Ⅴ | -18.774 | 0.035 | 0.077 | -0.005 | 0.032 | 0.011 |
表5
天山西部不同腐解等级雪岭云杉倒木上不同高度级更新幼苗数量影响因素的多元线性回归分析
腐解等级 Decomposition grade | 高度等级 Height level | 回归方程系数Coefficient of regression equation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
常数 Constant | 含水量 Water content | 倒木表面积 Surface area of fallen wood | 坡向 Slope aspect | 坡度 Falling gradient | 海拔 Altitude | ||
Ⅱ级 Grade Ⅱ | A1 | -10.170 | 1.709* | 0.947* | 0.090 | 0.343 | -0.170 |
A2 | 101.199 | 0.906* | 0.375 | 0.015 | 0.093 | -0.700 | |
A3 | 5.198 | 0.114 | 0.034 | 0.001 | 0.014 | -0.004 | |
A4 | 15.350 | 0.003 | -0.008 | -0.003 | -0.012 | -0.009 | |
Ⅲ级 Grade Ⅲ | A1 | -52.966 | 0.101 | 0.780* | 0.039 | 0.208 | 0.028 |
A2 | -69.132 | -0.050 | 0.204 | 0.025 | 0.100 | 0.041 | |
A3 | -13.715 | -0.019 | 0.031 | 0.009* | 0.020 | 0.008 | |
A4 | -2.874 | -0.003 | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 | |
Ⅳ级 Grade Ⅳ | A1 | 1 168.433 | 1.362 | -0.010 | 0.109 | -0.970 | -0.715 |
A2 | 681.802 | 0.469 | -0.249 | 0.047 | -0.738 | -0.409 | |
A3 | 107.015 | 0.061 | -0.031 | 0.007 | -0.124 | -0.064 | |
A4 | 29.019 | 0.022 | -0.018 | 0.002 | -0.042 | -0.017 |
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