准噶尔西部山地新疆野苹果当年生枝条养分化学计量特征

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2020.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）是第三纪孑遗珍惜野生果树，是世界栽培苹果的祖先。为了解野苹果树的养分化学计量特征，分别于2016年和2017年对准噶尔西部山地20个野苹果样地开展群落学调查，并采集野苹果当年生枝条，系统分析了枝条氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）的化学计量特征、环境梯度差异性及其影响因素。结果表明，2016年野苹果枝条N、P、K含量及N：P（分别为7.03、1.24、5.96 mg·g^-1及5.71）高于2017年（分别为5.49、1.08、4.46 mg·g^-1及5.13）。P的变异性最小（CV为21.0%和23.3%），N的变异性最强（CV为37.5%和34.9%）。枝条N、P、K之间具有显著相关性，N：P、N：K受N主控，P：K多受K主控。方差分析表明，枝条养分化学计量在不同年份、地区、海拔、放牧强度、病虫害、枯枝率及结果量间均有差异。在样方水平上，经纬度、坡位、放牧强度及土壤N含量是枝条化学计量特征的主要影响因素；在个体水平上，病虫害程度和结果量是关键影响因素。在进行野苹果原位复壮时，应考虑适度放牧、提高土壤N含量并进行病虫害治理。

关键词: 新疆野苹果, 当年生枝条, 化学计量学, 环境影响, 退化

Abstract: Malus sieversii is a relic and rare wild fruit tree species from tertiary, and is the ancestor of cultivated apple trees in the world. In order to understand the nutrient stoichiometric characteristics of differentiation of M.sieversii, a total of 20 plots were investigated in 2016 and 2017 in mountainous area of west Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. The current-year stems of M.sieversii were collected, and the stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in stems, the differences in environmental gradients and the influencing factors were systematically analyzed. The N, P, K contents and N:P(7.03, 1.24, 5.96 mg·g^-1 and 5.71, respectively) in stems in 2016 were higher than those in 2017(5.49, 1.08, 4.46 mg·g^-1 and 5.13, respectively). Stem P had the lowest variability(CV=21.0% and 23.3%) while stem N had the strongest variability(CV=37.5% and 34.9%). There were significant correlations among stem N, P and K. Stem N:P, N:K were mainly influenced by N, while stem P:K were affected by K. ANOVA showed that significant differences in stem nutrient stoichiometry were detected among different years, sampling sites, degrees of altitude, grazing gradients, degrees of disease and insect pest, deadwood rates and fruit amounts. At the sampling plot level, longitude and latitude, slope position, grazing intensity and soil N content were the main factors affecting stem stoichiometry; at the individual plant level, the degree of diseases and insect pests and fruit amount were the key factors. When the in situ rejuvenation of M.sieversii is carried out, the moderate grazing, increasing soil N content and management of diseases and insect pests should be well considered.

Key words: Malus sieversii, current-year stem, stoichiomtery, environmental impact, degradation

中图分类号:

Q948

刘小艳, 周晓兵, 张静, 陶冶. 准噶尔西部山地新疆野苹果当年生枝条养分化学计量特征[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(4): 530-542.

LIU Xiao-Yan, ZHOU Xiao-Bing, ZHANG Jing, TAO Ye. Nutrient Stoichiometry of Current-year Stems of Wild Apple Trees (Malus sieversii) in Mountainous Area of West Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(4): 530-542.

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