火灾恢复年限对大兴安岭森林乔灌草多样性及优势种影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.04.005

植物研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 514-520.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.04.005

火灾恢复年限对大兴安岭森林乔灌草多样性及优势种影响

杨扬¹, 张喜亭¹, 肖路², 杨艳波¹, 王可¹, 杜红居¹, 张建宇¹, 王文杰^1,2

1. 东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040;
2. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所城市森林与湿地研究组, 长春 130102

收稿日期:2019-01-02 出版日期:2019-07-05 发布日期:2019-07-03
通讯作者: 王文杰 E-mail:wjwang@hotmail.com
作者简介:杨扬(1993-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林碳汇和植物多样性方面研究。
基金资助:
国家自然基金（31670699，41730641）；中央高校高层次人才持续发展专项（2572017DG04）；龙江学者支持计划（T201702）资助

Effect of Forest-fire Rehabilitation Time on Plant Diversity in Daxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China

YANG Yang¹, ZHANG Xi-Ting¹, XIAO Lu², YANG Yan-Bo¹, WANG Ke¹, DU Hong-Ju¹, ZHANG Jian-Yu¹, WANG Wen-Jie^1,2

1. Kay Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040;
2. Urban forest and wetland research group, Northeast Institute of geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102

Received:2019-01-02 Online:2019-07-05 Published:2019-07-03
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of China(31670699,41730641);Special Program for Sustainable Development of High-level Talents in Higher Education for the Central Universities(2572017DG04);Longjiang Scholar Support Program(T201702)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 林火是大兴安岭地区森林生态系统的重要影响因子，研究火灾对植物多样性和优势种多度长期影响，有助于火灾区域森林生态系统重建与管理。本研究以大兴安岭不同火烧年限（1~5、5~10、10~20、20~30、30~40和40~50年）48对配对样地（火烧样地与邻近未火烧对照样地）为研究对象，利用二者差值变化来探讨森林恢复年限对植物多样性指数影响，通过对乔灌草相对多度变化确认火灾恢复对优势种的影响。研究结果表明：（1）火烧与对照间乔木多样性和丰富度差值先降后升趋势，在10年左右最低，而恢复30~40年后与对照样地相当或更高。灌木与乔木变化趋势相似，但是变化趋势多达到统计学显著（P<0.05），灌木Shannon-wiener多样性指数和丰富度差值随年限增加而线性上升。草本Simpson多样性指数随火烧年限增加而直线下降，但是均匀度与丰富度没有出现线性变化。（2）乔灌草优势种变化趋势为：乔木层白桦（Betula platyphylla）在火烧5~30年占比均超过30%，在30年后占比不超过15%，同时兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）在30~40年占比超过50%；灌木层在0~30年均是越桔（Vaccinium vitis-idaea）占比最大，30年之后变为榛子（Corylus heterophylla），草本层5~30年均是小叶章（Deyeuxia angustifolia）占比最大，30年之后变为其他物种。对照样地乔木层主要是兴安落叶松，占比超过50%，灌木层主要是越桔（Vaccinium vitis-idaea），草本层主要是小叶章（Deyeuxia angustifolia）。整体来看，乔木火后恢复需要更长的时间，而灌木和草本火后恢复更快。植物多样性及优势种变化是研究其对生态服务功能（如碳汇）影响的基础，我们研究结果为天保工程后续实施及科学管理大兴安岭森林生态系统提供数据支撑。

关键词: Simpson多样性指数, Shannon-wiener指数, 落叶松天然林, 优势种多度, 时间动态

Abstract: Forest fire is an important factor controlling forest ecosystem successions in the Daxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China, while long-term temporal dynamics in plant diversity and species abundance are still very limited to date, for modeling forest ecological services variations. We chose 48 pairs plots in different fire-rehabilitation years(1-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 years) in Daxing'an Mountains(fired site and neighbor unburned site as control), and diversity indices(Shannon-wiener index, Simpson index and species richness) and species abundance in tree, shrub and herb layers were calculated based on the field-surveyed data. Firstly,both fire-control differences in different parameters showed that tree diversity and richness declined at begin(lowest at 10-year rehabilitation), then increased afterward to the control-level after 30-40 fire-rehabilitation years. The shrub diversity index was similar to the change trend of trees, while most of the trends were statistically significant(P<0.05). The shrub Shannon index and richness indexlinearly increased with rehabilitationyears, andreached the control level after 30-year rehabilitation. The Simpson index of the herb decreased linearly with increasing fire age, but there was no linear change in uniformity and richness. Secondly, In terms of relative abundance of dominant species:In the arbor layer, Betula platyphylla in the fire siteduring 5-30 years rehabilitationtook >30% in proportion, and thereafter, the proportion was<15%; Larix gmelinii took over 50% in abundance in the 30-40 years rehabilitation stage. In the shrub layer, the largest proportion was Vaccinium vitis-idaea in less than 30-year rehabilitation stages, and the Corylus heterophylla be come the largest proportion. In the herbaceous layer,Deyeuxia angustifolia took the largest proportion in less than 30-year rehabilitation stages. In all, tree species recovered in a lower rate, and shrub and herb species recovered in a much faster rate. Plant diversity and dominant species alternation are basis for studying the forest ecological services(such as carbon sinks), and our data support future scientific management of the boreal forests in China, especially in the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Program(a national policy of China).

Key words: Simpson diversity index, Shannon-wiener index, larch natural forests, dominant species abundance, temporal dynamics

中图分类号:

S762.1

杨扬, 张喜亭, 肖路, 杨艳波, 王可, 杜红居, 张建宇, 王文杰. 火灾恢复年限对大兴安岭森林乔灌草多样性及优势种影响[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(4): 514-520.

YANG Yang, ZHANG Xi-Ting, XIAO Lu, YANG Yan-Bo, WANG Ke, DU Hong-Ju, ZHANG Jian-Yu, WANG Wen-Jie. Effect of Forest-fire Rehabilitation Time on Plant Diversity in Daxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(4): 514-520.

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火灾恢复年限对大兴安岭森林乔灌草多样性及优势种影响

Effect of Forest-fire Rehabilitation Time on Plant Diversity in Daxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China

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