大青杨对不同干旱胁迫强度的形态和生理响应

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究大青杨对干旱环境的耐受性，通过聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫，对不同胁迫强度下大青杨的生长状态、生物量分配、生理生化应答特征进行测定分析。结果显示，随着干旱胁迫时间的延长和强度的增加，大青杨幼苗的苗高、地径生长量和生物量积累明显减少，轻度、中度、重度胁迫下苗高生长量分别下降了17.71%、20.29%、45.96%，地径生长量下降了4.78%、13.62%、17.29%，根冠比上升了11.93%、32.61%、64.10%。叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势，相对电导率呈上升趋势，轻度、中度、重度胁迫下相对含水量分别比对照低23.60%、38.56%和66.78%，相对电导率比对照高106.97%、161.84%、241.75%，说明干旱胁迫对叶片造成了明显的损伤。脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量均呈现先上升再下降的趋势，且轻度胁迫比中度、重度胁迫变化幅度小。在胁迫前期和中期均高于对照，说明大青杨幼苗有一定的抗旱能力。在胁迫末期有低于对照的趋势，此时幼苗细胞、组织受到了不可逆转的伤害。大青杨叶片的净光合速率明显呈现双峰模式，受胁迫幼苗显著低于对照且到达峰值的时间不同。胁迫后幼苗的第一个峰值出现的时间比对照提前2 h。大青杨能够忍耐短时轻度的干旱胁迫环境，中度和重度干旱胁迫对大青杨幼苗期的生长和生理过程有显著影响。

关键词: 大青杨, 干旱胁迫, 生理指标, 净光合速率

Abstract: In order to explore the adaptability of Populus ussuriensis Kom. to drought stress, polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) was used to simulate drought, the growth traits, biomass production and partitioning, the physiological and biochemical response characteristics were determined and analyzed under different stress levels. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass accumulation of P. ussuriensis decreased significantly with the increase of drought stress intensity and the extension of stress time. The height growth under mild, moderate and severe stress decreased by 17.71%, 20.29% and 45.96%, the growth of ground diameter decreased by 4.78%, 13.62% and 17.29%, and the root ratio increased by 11.93%, 32.61% and 64.10%, respectively. The relative water content of the leaves showed a downward trend and the relative conductivity showed an upward trend. The relative water content under mild, moderate and severe stress was 23.60%, 38.56%, and 66.78% lower than the contrast, respectively, the relative conductivity was 106.97%, 161.84% and 241.75% higher than the contrast, indicating that drought stress caused obvious damage to the leaves. The contents of proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, which was higher than the contrast in the early and middle stages of stress, the change range of mild stress was smaller than that of moderate and severe stress. In the early and middle stages of stress, it was higher than the contrast and the seedlings had certain drought resistance. At the end of the stress period, there was a trend lower than the contrast, the seedling cells and tissues were irreversibly damaged. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves showed a double peak pattern, the stressed seedlings were significantly lower than the contrast and the time of reaching the peak was different. The first peak of the seedlings stressed was 2 h earlier than the contrast. P. ussuriensis can tolerate short-term mild drought stress environment. Moderate and severe drought stress have significant effects on the growth and physiological processes of P. ussuriensis seedlings.

Key words: Populus ussuriensis Kom., drought stress, physiological indicators, net photosynthetic rate

中图分类号:

S792.11

金胶胶, 宋子文, 马晓雨, 孙国语, 李开隆. 大青杨对不同干旱胁迫强度的形态和生理响应[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(4): 490-496.

JIN Jiao-Jiao, SONG Zi-Wen, MA Xiao-Yu, SUN Guo-Yu, LI Kai-Long. Morphological and Physiological Responses of Populus ussuriensis Kom. to Drought Stress[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(4): 490-496.

参考文献

1. 马剑,刘贤德,孟好军,等. 水分胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):128-132.
Ma J,Liu X D,Meng H J,et al. Effects of water stress on growth and physiological characteristics of seedlings of the Xanthoceras sorbifolia[J]. Journal of Arid Land resources and Environment,2018,32(1):128-132.
2. 井大炜,邢尚军,杜振宇,等. 干旱胁迫对杨树幼苗生长、光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1809-1816.
Jing D W,Xing S J,Du Z Y,et al. Effects of drought stress on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,and active oxygen metabolism of poplar seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):1809-1816.
3. Bohnert H J,Jensen R G. Strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants[J]. Trends in Biotechnology,1996,14(3):89-97.
4. 王小军,武紫娟. 林木抗旱性机理研究进展[J]. 天津农业科学,2017,23(12):13-15.
Wang X J,Wu Z J. Research advances in mechanisms of tree species drought resistance[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2017,23(12):13-15.
5. Xu J Q,Jin J J,Zhao H,et al. Drought stress tolerance analysis of Populus ussuriensis clones with different ploidies[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29(5):1-9.
6. 张燕红,吴永波,刘璇,等. 高温和干旱胁迫对杨树幼苗光合性能和抗氧化酶系统的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2017,45(11):32-38.
Zhang Y H,Wu Y B,Liu X,et al. Effects of elevated temperature and drought on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme system of poplar seedlings[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(11):32-38.
7. 张江涛,杨亚峰,刘艳,等. 杨树品种2025及其2个芽变彩叶品种对土壤持续干旱胁迫的生理响应[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):1-6.
Zhang J T,Yang Y F,Liu Y,et al. Physiological response of poplar 2025 and Two bud mutation colored-leaf varieties to soil continuous drought stress[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(11):1-6.
8. 杨淑红,朱镝,任媛媛,等. 干旱胁迫下3个杨树品种叶片膜透性及部分渗透调节物质的变化[J]. 上海农业学报,2016,32(6):118-123.
Yang S H,Zhu D,Ren Y Y,et al. Change of leaf membrane permeability and some osmotic regulation substances of 3 poplar varieties under drought stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2016,32(6):118-123.
9. 王冰,王建光,姜秀煜. 阔叶红松林的伴生乡土杨树——大青杨[J]. 林业科技,2003,28(6):12-14.
Wang B,Wang J G,Jiang X Y. Native auxiliary species of mixed broadleaf-Korean pine stands-Populus ussuriensis Kom.[J]. Forestry Science & Technology,2003,28(6):12-14.
10. 井大炜,邢尚军,马海林,等. I-107欧美杨对不同强度干旱胁迫的形态与生理响应[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2014,42(1):10-13,56.
Jing D W,Xing S J,Ma H L,et al. Morphological and physiological responses of Populus×euramericana cv. ‘Neva’ to water stress[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(1):10-13,56.
11. 李墨野. 转LbDREB基因大青杨抗旱及耐盐性分析[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
Li M Y. The resistance analysis of transgenic Populus ussuriensis Kom. overexpressing LbDREB Gene to drought and salt stress[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2016.
12. 王学奎. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术:2版[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006:278-283.
Wang X K. Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry:2nd ed[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:278-283.
13. 李京,王伟功,于文喜,等. 杨树叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量的季节变化[J]. 林业科技,2010,35(3):14-15.
Li J,Wang W G,Yu W X,et al. Seasonal variation of soluble protein content in leaves of poplar[J]. Forestry Science & Technology,2010,35(3):14-15.
14. 刘菲,周隆腾,蒋燚,等. 不同种源江南油杉幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(11):35-45.
Liu F,Zhou L T,Jiang Y,et al. Physiological response from different provenances of Keteleeria fortunei seedlings to drought stress[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2018,38(11):35-45.
15. 赵琳,郎南军,温绍龙,等. 云南干热河谷4种植物抗旱机理的研究[J]. 西部林业科学,2006,35(2):9-16.
Zhao L,Lang N J,Wen S L,et al. A study on drought resistance mechanism of four kinds of plants in dry and hot valley of Yunnan province[J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science,2006,35(2):9-16.
16. 王骞春,陆爱君,冯健,等. 干旱胁迫对日本落叶松生理指标的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2016,44(8):13-17,40.
Wang Q C,Lu A J,Feng J,et al. Effects of drought stress on physiological indices of Japanese Larch[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(8):13-17,40.
17. 杨敏生,黄选瑞,李彦慧. 水分胁迫对白杨杂种无性系生理和生长的影响[J]. 河北林果研究,1998,13(2):99-102.
Yang M S,Huang X R,Li Y H. Physiology and growth of hybrid clone of white poplar in response to water stress[J]. Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research,1998,13(2):99-102.
18. 赵建诚. 欧美杨Ⅰ-107根系特征及盐、旱胁迫对其生理特性的影响[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
Zhao J C. Roots characteristics of Populus×euramericana cv. ‘Neva’ and effects of salt stress and drought stress on physiological characteristics[D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2013.
19. 邹春静,韩士杰,徐文铎,等. 沙地云杉生态型对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1446-1450.
Zou C J,Han S J,Xu W D,et al. Eco-physiological responses of Picea mongolica ecotypes to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003 14(9):1446-1450.
20. 陈忠,苏维埃,汤章城. 豌豆热激蛋白Hpc60对酶的高温保护功能及其机理[J]. 科学通报,1999,44(20):2171-2175.
Chen Z,Su W A,Tang Z C. Heat protective role and mechanism of heat shock protein Hpc60[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(2):161-164.
21. Yoshiba Y,Kiyosue T,Nakashima K,et al. Regulation of levels of proline as an osmolyte in plants under water stress[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology,1997,38(10):1095-1102.
22. 白志英,李存东,刘渊. 干旱胁迫下小麦叶片脯氨酸和蛋白质含量变化与染色体的关系[J]. 植物遗传资源学报,2007,8(3):325-330.
Bai Z Y,Li C D,Liu Y. Relationship between chromosome and changing of leaf proline and protein content under drought stress in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2007,8(3):325-330.

[1]	吴静, 王媛媛, 王丹妮, 刘百超, 刘中原. 刚毛柽柳ThGRF2基因的克隆和渗透胁迫应答分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(6): 1044-1051.
[2]	高冰, 高鹏飞, 范卫芳, 冯郑红, 吴建慧. 镉胁迫对绢毛委陵菜-丛枝菌根真菌共生体根系结构和生理的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 647-656.
[3]	魏斌, 李毅, 苏世平. 外源脯氨酸对自然干旱下白刺叶片气孔的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(3): 492-501.
[4]	刘金玉, 林声威, 潘景玉, 张芹. 不同土壤改良基质对金莲花幼苗生长及生理指标的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 928-937.
[5]	何凤, 杜红岩, 刘攀峰, 王璐, 庆军, 杜兰英. 干旱胁迫对杜仲叶片结构特征的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 947-956.
[6]	田双慧, 程赫, 张洋, 刘聪, 夏德安, 魏志刚. 毛果杨类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶基因家族全基因组水平鉴定及其干旱与盐胁迫响应分析[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 993-1005.
[7]	张东, 刘艳, 张晗, 张子健, 王洋, 刘美岑. 甘草叶片形态结构和光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(3): 449-457.
[8]	于晓池, 杨桂娟, 董菊兰, 王军辉, 麻文俊, 张鹏. 梓属5个种对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(1): 44-52.
[9]	宋子文, 刘焕臻, 马晓雨, 孙国语, 易嘉欣, 张春华, 尤远祥, 王德秋, 李开隆. 镉胁迫对大青杨不同倍体的生长及生理生化的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(5): 728-734.
[10]	方紫雯, 张夏燕, 陶俊, 赵大球. 阿魏酸对凤丹干旱胁迫的缓解效应[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(3): 353-359.
[11]	吴建慧, 范卫芳, 牛喆, 张静, 高鹏飞, 李文. 外源茉莉酸甲酯对干旱胁迫下狭叶黄芩光合和生理特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(3): 360-367.
[12]	刘晓, 杨佳, 张馨, 马苗苗, 杨静莉. 大青杨PubZIP1基因的克隆及亚细胞定位与抗旱表达特性分析[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(2): 233-242.
[13]	赵敏, 郝文颖, 宁心哲, 郝龙飞, 闫海霞, 牟亚男, 白淑兰. 红花尔基樟子松优良抗旱菌树组合的筛选[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 133-140.
[14]	及利, 韩姣, 王芳, 王君, 宋笛, 张丽杰, 祁永会, 杨雨春. 干旱胁迫对不同土壤基质下核桃楸幼苗的生理特性的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(5): 722-732.
[15]	赵敏, 王玥萱, 徐运飞, 赵启安, 刘博, 杨宁. 干旱胁迫下拟南芥中H₂S与ABA信号关系研究[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(1): 104-112.