植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 762-771.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.05.007
徐玉金1, 王喜和2, 李平扬2, 李玉磊2, 李德尧2, 吴蕴洋2, 孙权2, 葛丽丽3, 赵曦阳1()
收稿日期:
2021-09-01
出版日期:
2022-09-20
发布日期:
2022-09-15
通讯作者:
赵曦阳
E-mail:zhaoxyphd@163.com
作者简介:
徐玉金(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事樟子松遗传改良研究。
基金资助:
Yujin XU1, Xihe WANG2, Pingyang LI2, Yulei LI2, Dexiao LI2, Yunyang WU2, Quan SUN2, Lili GE3, Xiyang ZHAO1()
Received:
2021-09-01
Online:
2022-09-20
Published:
2022-09-15
Contact:
Xiyang ZHAO
E-mail:zhaoxyphd@163.com
About author:
XU Yujin(1998—),female,master,mainly engaged in genetic improvement of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.
Supported by:
摘要:
樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)是我国北方重要的用材、园林绿化及生态防护树种。研究膨大剂处理对樟子松种实性状的影响,可以为樟子松优质球果的高产、稳产的科学管理方式提供依据。本研究以吉林省延边自治区汪清县亲和种子园樟子松优良单株为研究对象,分析氯吡脲(PPU)和α-萘乙酸钠(α-NA)2种膨大剂处理对樟子松球果产量、球果质量、种子产量和种子质量等指标的影响。膨大剂处理后,樟子松种实性状的平均值均大于对照,表明膨大剂处理对于樟子松的种实发育有促进作用;樟子松的球果重、单果出籽量、种长及种宽在各处理间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.001),表明膨大剂处理对樟子松球果产量以及种子质量有极显著影响。膨大剂处理后单果出籽量和单果出籽重的表型变异系数分别达到28.54%、33.88%。利用球果性状对各处理进行综合评价,初步选出氯吡脲浓度10 mg·L-1为最佳处理,该处理条件下球果长、球果宽、球果重的现实增益分别为11.81%、4.65%和24.35%;根据种子性状初步选出α-萘乙酸钠质量浓度为10 mg·L-1的最佳处理,该处理单株出籽量、单果出籽重、种长、种宽、翅长、翅宽的现实增益分别为21.32%、24.15%、0.24%、9.16%、0.33%和12.16%。研究证明氯吡脲(10 mg·L-1)和α-萘乙酸钠(10 mg·L-1)两种膨大剂处理均可以显著提高樟子松球果大小和结实量。
中图分类号:
徐玉金, 王喜和, 李平扬, 李玉磊, 李德尧, 吴蕴洋, 孙权, 葛丽丽, 赵曦阳. 膨大剂处理对樟子松种实性状的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(5): 762-771.
Yujin XU, Xihe WANG, Pingyang LI, Yulei LI, Dexiao LI, Yunyang WU, Quan SUN, Lili GE, Xiyang ZHAO. Effect of Fruit-Expander on Cone Performance of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(5): 762-771.
表2
膨大剂处理后樟子松种实性状的均值
处理编号Treatment number | 球果长 Cone length /mm | 球果宽 Cone width /mm | 球果重 Cone weight /g | 单果出籽量 /个 Number of seed per cone | 单果出籽重 Weight of seed per cone /g | 种长 Seed length /mm | 种宽 Seed width /mm | 翅长 Wing length /mm | 翅宽 Wing width /mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 37.82±7.42 | 19.72±4.24 | 5.06±2.20 | 20.33±4.74 | 0.14±0.03 | 3.94±0.22 | 2.52±0.26 | 17.70±0.97 | 5.42±0.40 |
2 | 47.43±8.62 | 23.21±3.95 | 8.18±2.03 | 23.67±8.25 | 0.16±0.09 | 3.98±0.34 | 2.53±0.17 | 17.37±1.52 | 5.19±0.48 |
3 | 42.46±4.04 | 21.79±3.12 | 6.84±1.63 | 23.67±6.93 | 0.18±0.05 | 4.26±0.19 | 2.72±0.23 | 18.72±0.76 | 5.67±0.54 |
4 | 39.28±7.74 | 22.06±3.09 | 6.23±1.84 | 26.56±8.09 | 0.18±0.06 | 4.17±0.39 | 2.54±0.19 | 18.19±0.94 | 5.41±0.58 |
5 | 44.15±5.67 | 23.99±0.79 | 7.77±1.16 | 30.89±5.13 | 0.22±0.05 | 4.12±0.29 | 2.88±0.27 | 18.03±1.08 | 5.61±0.25 |
6 | 43.52±5.51 | 22.82±3.62 | 7.12±2.21 | 26.89±9.27 | 0.20±0.07 | 4.11±0.45 | 2.63±0.15 | 18.33±1.32 | 5.61±0.46 |
7 | 43.45±3.60 | 22.38±3.63 | 6.49±1.60 | 28.89±3.02 | 0.22±0.05 | 4.39±0.33 | 2.68±0.13 | 18.41±1.38 | 5.79±0.58 |
8 | 43.22±2.94 | 22.15±1.84 | 6.05±1.05 | 27.00±9.33 | 0.19±0.07 | 4.11±0.37 | 2.75±0.19 | 18.38±1.38 | 5.45±0.28 |
9 | 42.82±6.00 | 22.96±2.94 | 6.94±1.84 | 27.78±6.59 | 0.20±0.04 | 4.12±0.31 | 2.59±0.12 | 17.69±1.10 | 5.71±0.44 |
10 | 41.05±3.55 | 22.23±2.66 | 6.34±1.27 | 20.67±6.18 | 0.14±0.04 | 4.02±0.51 | 2.64±0.30 | 17.23±0.89 | 5.39±0.32 |
11 | 40.01±1.99 | 20.91±2.05 | 5.49±1.37 | 25.44±8.60 | 0.17±0.06 | 3.99±0.21 | 2.72±0.29 | 17.86±1.50 | 5.44±0.38 |
12 | 43.76±3.85 | 21.68±2.93 | 6.21±1.76 | 24.33±5.85 | 0.17±0.05 | 4.07±0.49 | 2.51±0.12 | 17.22±0.92 | 5.15±0.59 |
13 | 42.54±9.33 | 22.39±3.67 | 6.77±2.61 | 24.89±6.33 | 0.18±0.08 | 4.19±0.27 | 2.57±0.18 | 18.50±1.26 | 5.59±0.29 |
表3
膨大剂处理后的樟子松种实性状方差分析结果
性状 Traits | 变异来源 Source of variation | 平方和 SS | 自由度 df | 均方 MS | F | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
球果长 Cone length /mm | 无性系 Clone | 202.13 | 2 | 101.07 | 4.04 | 0.021 |
处理 Treatment | 645.68 | 12 | 53.81 | 2.15 | 0.022 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 1 399.53 | 24 | 58.31 | 2.33 | 0.003 | |
球果宽 Cone width /mm | 无性系 Clone | 249.32 | 2 | 124.66 | 21.28 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatment | 121.70 | 12 | 10.14 | 1.73 | 0.076 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 294.62 | 24 | 12.28 | 2.10 | 0.008 | |
球果重 Cone weight /g | 无性系 Clone | 25.26 | 2 | 12.63 | 5.54 | 0.006 |
处理 Treatment | 77.25 | 12 | 6.44 | 2.83 | 0.003 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 130.70 | 24 | 5.45 | 2.39 | 0.002 | |
单果出籽量 /个 Number of seed per cone | 无性系 Clone | 804.92 | 2 | 402.46 | 12.28 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatment | 985.52 | 12 | 82.13 | 2.51 | 0.008 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 1 778.63 | 24 | 74.11 | 2.26 | 0.004 | |
单果出籽重 Weight of seed per cone /g | 无性系 Clone | 0.01 | 2 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.357 |
处理 Treatment | 0.08 | 12 | 0.01 | 2.54 | 0.007 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 0.15 | 24 | 0.01 | 2.31 | 0.003 | |
种长 Seed length /mm | 无性系 Clone | 6.08 | 2 | 3.04 | 58.36 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatment | 1.66 | 12 | 0.14 | 2.65 | 0.005 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 2.65 | 24 | 0.11 | 2.12 | 0.007 | |
种宽 Seed width /mm | 无性系 Clone | 1.80 | 2 | 0.90 | 47.33 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatment | 1.28 | 12 | 0.11 | 5.61 | 0.000 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 1.26 | 24 | 0.05 | 2.76 | 0.000 | |
翅长 Wing length /mm | 无性系 Clone | 3.39 | 2 | 1.69 | 1.56 | 0.217 |
处理 Treatment | 27.20 | 12 | 2.27 | 2.09 | 0.027 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 56.47 | 24 | 2.35 | 2.16 | 0.006 | |
翅宽 Wing width /mm | 无性系 Clone | 4.59 | 2 | 2.30 | 18.11 | 0.000 |
处理 Treatment | 4.00 | 12 | 0.33 | 2.63 | 0.005 | |
无性系×处理 Clone × Treatment | 6.12 | 24 | 0.26 | 2.01 | 0.011 |
表4
膨大剂处理下的樟子松各性状遗传变异参数
性状 Traits | 平均数 Average | 变幅 Range | 标准差 SD | 重复力 Repeatability | 表型变异系数 PCV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
球果长 Cone length | 42.42 | 37.82~47.43 | 6.02 | 0.54 | 14.18 |
球果宽 Cone width | 22.18 | 19.72~23.99 | 3.11 | 0.42 | 14.03 |
球果重 Cone weight | 6.58 | 5.06~8.18 | 1.88 | 0.65 | 28.62 |
单果出籽量 Number of seed per cone | 25.46 | 20.33~30.89 | 7.27 | 0.60 | 28.54 |
单果出籽重 Weight of seed per cone | 0.18 | 0.14~0.22 | 0.06 | 0.61 | 33.88 |
种长 Seed length | 4.11 | 3.94~4.39 | 0.34 | 0.62 | 8.20 |
种宽 Seed width | 2.64 | 2.51~2.88 | 0.20 | 0.82 | 7.64 |
翅长 Wing length | 17.97 | 17.22~18.72 | 1.16 | 0.52 | 6.45 |
翅宽 Wing width | 5.49 | 5.15~5.79 | 0.43 | 0.62 | 7.85 |
表5
膨大剂处理后樟子松球果性状综合评价
处理编号 Treatment number | Qi | 球果长 Cone length /mm | 球果宽 Cone width /mm | 球果重 Cone weight /g |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 1.72 | 47.434 | 23.210 | 8.177 |
5 | 1.70 | 44.148 | 23.991 | 7.767 |
6 | 1.66 | 43.516 | 22.818 | 7.119 |
9 | 1.65 | 42.823 | 22.963 | 6.942 |
13 | 1.63 | 42.541 | 22.394 | 6.770 |
7 | 1.63 | 43.451 | 22.383 | 6.489 |
3 | 1.62 | 42.463 | 21.793 | 6.836 |
12 | 1.61 | 43.757 | 21.679 | 6.211 |
8 | 1.60 | 43.219 | 22.154 | 6.053 |
10 | 1.60 | 41.046 | 22.234 | 6.341 |
4 | 1.58 | 39.276 | 22.064 | 6.232 |
11 | 1.54 | 40.010 | 20.909 | 5.488 |
1 | 1.50 | 37.820 | 19.722 | 5.060 |
优良处理平均值 Average value of elite treatment | — | 47.43 | 23.21 | 8.18 |
整体均值 Overall average | — | 42.42 | 22.18 | 6.58 |
现实增益 Real gain /% | — | 11.81 | 4.65 | 24.35 |
表6
膨大剂处理后樟子松种实性状综合评价
处理编号 Treatment number | Qi | 单果出籽量 /个 Number of seed per cone | 单果出籽重 Weight of seed per cone /g | 种长 Seed length /mm | 种宽 Seed width /mm | 翅长 Wings length /mm | 翅宽 Wings wide /mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 2.42 | 30.89 | 0.22 | 4.12 | 2.88 | 18.03 | 5.61 |
7 | 2.41 | 28.89 | 0.22 | 4.39 | 2.68 | 18.41 | 5.79 |
9 | 2.36 | 27.78 | 0.20 | 4.12 | 2.59 | 17.69 | 5.71 |
6 | 2.36 | 26.89 | 0.20 | 4.11 | 2.63 | 18.33 | 5.61 |
8 | 2.35 | 27.00 | 0.19 | 4.11 | 2.75 | 18.38 | 5.45 |
3 | 2.34 | 23.67 | 0.18 | 4.26 | 2.72 | 18.72 | 5.67 |
13 | 2.33 | 24.89 | 0.18 | 4.19 | 2.57 | 18.50 | 5.59 |
4 | 2.32 | 26.56 | 0.18 | 4.17 | 2.54 | 18.19 | 5.41 |
11 | 2.31 | 25.44 | 0.17 | 3.99 | 2.72 | 17.86 | 5.44 |
12 | 2.27 | 24.33 | 0.17 | 4.07 | 2.51 | 17.22 | 5.15 |
2 | 2.25 | 23.67 | 0.16 | 3.98 | 2.53 | 17.37 | 5.19 |
10 | 2.23 | 20.67 | 0.14 | 4.02 | 2.64 | 17.23 | 5.39 |
1 | 2.22 | 20.33 | 0.14 | 3.94 | 2.52 | 17.70 | 5.42 |
优良处理平均值 Average value of elite treatment | — | 30.89 | 0.22 | 4.12 | 2.88 | 18.03 | 5.61 |
整体均值 Overall average | — | 25.46 | 0.18 | 4.11 | 2.64 | 17.97 | 5.49 |
现实增益 Real gain /% | — | 21.32 | 24.15 | 0.24 | 9.16 | 0.33 | 2.16 |
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