川西亚高山森林凋落物不同分解阶段碳氮磷化学计量特征及种间差异

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了了解亚高山森林凋落物在不同分解阶段的化学计量特征，采用空间代替时间的方法，以自然状态下凋落物的3个层次——新鲜凋落物层（L）、发酵层（F）、腐殖质层（H））模拟凋落物分解的不同阶段，对川西亚高山不同林分类型（岷江冷杉天然林、粗枝云杉人工林、白桦天然林、杜鹃矮曲林）凋落物的碳氮磷（C、N、P）及可溶性碳氮磷（DOC、SN、SP）含量进行研究。结果表明：林分类型及分解阶段将显著影响凋落物分解过程中的碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比。亚高山森林凋落物可溶性有机碳、水溶性磷含量均随着分解过程的不断进行而降低，分解初期快速淋溶，而分解中后期释放变缓。4种林分比较而言，水溶性碳氮磷含量表现为：白桦 > 杜鹃 > 冷杉 > 云杉，阔叶树种凋落物的可溶性碳氮磷普遍高于针叶树种，尤其在分解初期。针叶树种凋落物SN在分解过程中呈现释放模式，而阔叶树种SN呈现先富集后释放模式。凋落物C含量随着分解的不断进行而降低，冷杉、白桦及杜鹃N含量呈现先富集后释放的趋势，分解阶段对云杉与白桦各层P含量影响不显著，但冷杉却呈现先降低后升高的现象，而杜鹃则是在分解后期P含量显著降低。从总体来看，亚高山森林凋落物C/P和N/P均显著小于全球平均水平，凋落物C/N、C/P、N/P、DOC/C、SN/N、SP/P均随着分解的不断进行呈现降低的趋势。分解初期白桦和杜鹃DOC/C显著降低，而冷杉则在分解后期显著降低。冷杉N/P先升高后降低，杜鹃N/P随着分解的不断进行呈现升高趋势。这些研究结果为深入理解亚高山森林生态系统的凋落物分解进程和养分循环提供了依据。

关键词: 亚高山森林, 凋落物层次, 林分类型, 碳, 氮, 磷

Abstract: We used spatial sequence instead of time successional sequence to study the stoichiometry of litter decomposition in subalpine forest of Western Sichuan. Three litter layers including Fresh litter layer(L), Fermentative layer(F) and Humus layer(H) under natural conditions were taken to simulate different litter decomposition stages, studied on Carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soluble nitrogen(SN) and phosphorus(SP) contents of three litter layers of Picea asperata(Pa), Abies faxoniana(Af), Betula platyphylla Suk(Bp) and Rhododendron lapponicum(Rl) in four subalpine forests. The forest type and decomposition stages significantly affected C, N, P contents and its stoichiometric ratio in the process of litter decomposition. For all the forest litter, DOC and SP contents reduced and leached quickly at the early decomposition stage whereas slowly in the later periods of decomposition. SN, SP and DOC contents of hardwood species were generally higher than those of conifer species, which in the order of Bp > Rl > Af > Pa, especially at the early decomposition stages. There was significant difference between conifer species and hardwood species, and SN content of Pa and Af reduced with the ongoing of decomposition process while Bp and Rl got highest in the F layer. C content reduced with the ongoing of decomposition process, and N content of Af, Bp and Rl got highest when they were in the Fermentative layer(F > L > H). Litter decomposition stages had no significant effect on P content of Pa and Bp. Overall, litter C/P and N/P of subalpine forest were significantly lower than the global average, C/N, C/P, N/P, DOC/C, SN/N, SP/P also reduced with the ongoing of decomposition process. For DOC/C, Bp and Rl significant decreased at early decomposition stages, and Af significantly decreased at late decomposition stages. N:P of Af increased at first and then decreased, but for Rl showed a trend of rising in the decomposition. These results provided a comprehensive understanding of the litter decomposition process and nutrient cycling in the subalpine forest.

Key words: subalpine forest, litter decomposition stages, forest types, C, N, P

中图分类号:

S718.55

谌贤, 刘洋, 邓静, 师嘉淇. 川西亚高山森林凋落物不同分解阶段碳氮磷化学计量特征及种间差异[J]. 植物研究, 2017, 37(2): 216-226.

SHEN Xian, LIU Yang, DENG Jing, SHI Jia-Qi. C,N and P Stoichiometry at Different Stages of Litter Decomposition in Subalpine Forest of Western Sichuan Province and Interspecies Comparison[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(2): 216-226.

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